COLLOQUIUM REPORT

[Eco-Friendly Swimwear & Trends]

Submitted by: Priyanka Kerketta KD-VII Roll no.-14

Contents
Objectives.1 Report planning2 Introduction of swimwear3 History...4 Eco-friendly swimwear5 Trend analysis...6

OBJECTIVES
In this report, I had introduced swimwear invention and evolution. Swimsuits have come a long way since the early days of heavy woollen dresses. They now come in a variety of fabrics and some of them are eco-friendly. And also now what trend is going on in swimwear, basically this report is based on trends analysis (based on prints).

REPORT PLANNING
This report is based on eco-friendly swimwear and trends analysis. First we have to know the small introduction about swimwear and history of swimwear. Second we have to know the swimwear forecast- (about the theme, colour, key silhouette, print and fabrics) in swimwear market.

INTRIDUCTION OF SWIMWEAR
A swimsuit, bathing suit, swimming costume, tog, bather, or cossie (short for "costume") is an item of clothing designed to be worn by men, women or children while they are engaging in a water-based activity or water sports, such as swimming, water polo, diving, surfing, water skiing, or during activities in the sun, such as sun bathing. Glamour photography and magazines like the annual Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue feature models and sports personalities in swimsuits. There is a very wide range of styles of modern swimsuits, which vary in relation to body coverage and materials. The choice of style of swimsuit is dependent on current fashions and community standards of modesty, as well as on personal preferences. Swimsuit styles In western culture, men's swimsuit styles include board shorts, jammers, swim trunks, briefs or "Speedos", thongs, and g-strings, in order of decreasing lower body coverage. Women's swimsuits are generally described as one-piece, bikinis, or thongs. While they go through many trends in pattern, length and cut there is not much modification to the original variety of suit. A recent innovation is the burqini, favoured by Muslim women, which covers the whole body and head (but not face) in a manner similar to a diver's wetsuit. These are an updated version of full-body swimwear, which has been available for centuries, but conforms to Islam's traditional emphasis on modest dress. In Egypt, the term "Sharia swimsuit" is used to describe fullbody swimwear.

HISTORY
Swimwear is similar to that which was worn in ancient Greece as far back as 300 BC. As pictured on mosaic walls, ancient Greek women were barely covered by pieces of fabric, much like the scanty bikinis of the 20th century. The mid 1800s that swimming at the seaside was considered to be a form of relaxation and enjoyment. In 1907 one-piecing bathing suit appear that revealed arms, legs and rather a voluptuous body. In 1921 Jantzen Knitting Mills launched the first one-piece elastic suit that immediately gained popularity with the Bathing Beauty Pageant that was held in Atlantic City. For the next 15 years, wool knit swimming suits were worn by both men and women. In 1920 they covered the wearer from the neck to almost the knees, but as time went on, the swimsuit got smaller and smaller. 1930s when California swimsuit maker Mabs of Hollywood began to fashion swimwear from Lastex, a woven satin finish elastic and silk material first used for girdle manufacture. In 1946, designer Louis Reard was obliged to his latest creation the Bikini. In the 1950s were one-piece costumes constructed like that of a foundation undergarment in a variety of styles, although these gradually gave way to the two-piece body baring styles. In 1964 Rudi Gernreich unveiled his bare breasted bathing suit called the Monokini .

Characteristics of Eco Friendly Clothing For a piece of outfit to be considered eco friendly, the carbon footprint that it leaves on the environment whether during it cultivation, production, use or disposal should be minimal. Here are some characteristics that make eco friendly clothing eco. The fabric used to make the eco friendly clothing are often: made from non-petroleum-derived fibres, that are already occurring naturally in the environment often on plants or animals, and as such are biodegradable. These plant and animal sources are usually renewable, and are in turn cultivated under controlled settings, using environmentally friendly andsustainable farming techniques, such as the use of organic fertilizers and pesticides, crop rotation, non-over-farming and non-overgrazing. made from recycled materials (e.g. recycled plastic, recycled fabric), and hence this process helps to divert some waste away from the waste management systems, as well as reduce the usage of virgin materials. not processed with any harmful or synthetic chemicals (e.g. synthetic dye or chemicalbased finishing), which can contribute substantially to the pollution. For example, eco textile are usually left undyed, or they are made from naturally coloured fibres, such as cotton (yes, not all naturally grown cotton at white). At the moment, the ecological impact of natural dyes and low-impact fiber-reactive dyes (considered to have low toxicity, but are petroleum based) are unclear, so if you want to be safe, it is best to avoid them altogether. manufactured in processes that require less water and energy, or produce less waste and pollution. In addition, the entire product lifecycle of the eco friendly clothing fabric should also leave less carbon footprint, as compared to conventional clothes. manufactured in processes that use renewable energy sources like solar energy or wind energy, instead of non renewable energy like coal. Do beware of green washing attempts by businesses who are trying to benefit from the going green movements (and efforts of people like you and me), without actually taking the effort to ensure that their products are actually eco-friendly. To be sure, you might want to look for certification on eco friendly clothing, such as the Oeko-Tex Standard 100, which is one of the most commonly used eco textile label. Overseen by the International Association for Research and Testing, Field of Textile Ecology, the eco label on a particular textile certifies that the raw, intermediate and end products at all stages of the textile production have met the specified requirements for parameters such as substances prohibited or regulated by law, and substances currently known to be harmful to health but have yet to be regulated or prohibited by law.
Types of Fabric in Eco Friendly Clothing Eco friendly clothing are made from eco friendly fabric fibres. In turn, eco friendly fabric fibres can be categorized into two types natural organic fibres and recycled fibres. Natural fibres are non-petroleum based but are instead plant or animal fibre based. Examples of plant based natural fibres include cotton, hemp, bamboo and soy. Animal based natural fibres include wool, silk and cashmere. In turn, recycled fibres could be natural or plastic in nature. In the section below, I will elaborate on some of the more common types of fibres used to make eco friendly clothing.

Types of fabric fibres used in eco friendly clothing Eco friendly clothing are often made of fibres like organic cotton, hemp, soy, bamboo, wool and silk, as well as recycled fibres. Organic cotton fibres Cotton is a plant-based natural fibre that is used in a large proportion of clothes today for its absorbency, durability, and intrinsic softness. It makes comfortable wear especially for summers or other warm climates. According to the Organic Trade Association, organic cotton fibres are obtained from organic cotton plants grown from non-genetically-modified seeds and cultivated without the use of toxic synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Be Love Men's Organic "Love and Truth" Tee Made from 100% organic cotton This is unlike the production of conventional cotton which uses large amounts of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. According to the World Wildlife Fund, conventional cotton farms take up 2.4% of the worlds crop land, yet they use 24% and 11% of global sales of insecticides and pesticides, respectively. The toxic chemicals found in synthetic fertilizers and pesticides often pollute the agriculture land and contaminate surrounding water bodies ,and even well bioaccumulate in the bodies of cattles that feed on the contaminated cotton hulls. On the contrary, the eco-friendly agriculture practices used in the cultivation of organic cotton help to maintain soil fertility and biodiversity, and are being verified by third-party certification organizations (eg. Oeko-Tex) before the cotton is certified as organic. Besides having lower impact on the environment in terms of agricultural practices, organic cotton also makes eco friendly clothing because it requires the use of less synthetic chemicals when it comes to dyes. Organic cotton are naturally coloured they come in red, yellow, mauve and orange colours that do not fade away with time. The use of less synthetic dyes in turn spare the earth of substantial amounts of water pollution (when dye contaminated water is discarded) as well as spare consumers of skin irritation from residual chemicals. Hemp fibres Hemp is a plant-based natural fibre that is valued for its great strength and durability. As cited in Wikipedia, the hemp fibre is about 8 times stronger and 14 times more durable than cotton fibre. Hemp is also more absorbent and mildew resistant compared to cotton. The hemp plant also grows much faster than the cotton plant and hence is able to produce about 10% more fibre than cotton for the same period and size of land. Like cotton, naturally occurring hemp has several colours like cream white, grey, brown, black and green. Technology and specific cultivation methods are now being used to produce hemp fibres that are softer, more pliable and finer. Hemp clothing also sheds dirt readily, so that makes washing hemp clothes easier. In addition, the hemp components in fabric (containing at least 50% hemp) can help to block off ultraviolet rays from the sun. Hemp is considered environmentally friendly to cultivate and is often used to make eco friendly clothing. According to the North America Industrial Hemp Council Inc., hemp plants are resistant to most pests and diseases, and can grow quickly with little or no use of pesticides and herbicides. The hemp plant is also very hardy it can withstand very dry conditions, and hence there is little need for irrigation of the land that it grows on. So that makes hemp even more environmentally friendly compared to organic cotton according to the World Wildlife Fund, cotton farms are large consumers of water. More than 20 thousand litres of water are needed to produce a kilogram of cotton (sufficient only for making only one t-shirt and a pair of jeans).

Jonano Organic Hemp Mini Trench Coat Made from organic hemp and organic cotton Because the hemp plant can grow very quickly (i.e. the plant matures in less than a year) and produce large amounts of plant matter even within small spaces and minimal conditions, it is ideal for carbon sequestering as compared to normal trees. Carbon in the atmosphere can be quickly and effectively stored by the hemp in its plant matter, which in turn can be used for many purposes, such as hemp clothings, hemp paper, hemcrete (a hemp-based construction) etc. Once the mature hemp plant is harvested, a new batch of hemp plants can be grown very soon. This process can be repeated continuously without seriously depleting the land of its nutrients. In case you heard that hemp comes from the Cannabis plant from which marijuana is derived, you are half right. Hemp comes from Cannabis sativa L, which is a relative of the Cannabis strain, Cannabis indica L ( used for the production of marijuana drugs). While both are Cannabis plants, the hemp plant produces only very minute amounts of the psychoactive substances as opposed to Cannabis indica L. So you dont have to worry that the hemp clothing that you wear will actually facilitate the abuse of marijuana. Soy fibres Soy is another plant-based fibre that is derived from the hulls of soybeans. These hulls are in turn food-manufacturing by-products the hulls left over from soybeans food production are actually used in making the soy fibres for your eco friendly clothing. This means reduced wastage in the use of soybeans. And according to the Euroflax Industries Ltd, soy fibre has the advantage of a soft, silky and elastic feel. It is also light, strong, absorbent and has anti-ultraviolet properties. Eco friendly clothing made from soy are also biodegradable, and hence minimize pollution when discarded in landfills. Bamboo fibres Bamboo fibre is a plant-based fibre made from bamboo cellulose, which is a renewable biopolymer. Eco textile made from bamboo fibre helps keep you warm in winter and cool in summer. In addition, bamboo fibre is also highly absorbent (in fact more so than cotton) and is naturally wrinkle-resistant. Although bamboo fibre is made from a naturally-occuring fibre, the process used to produce this bamboo fibre (and bamboo) fabric is man-made and involves the use of chemicals, such as to convert the bamboo cellulose into usable fibre for spinning into thread. As such, bamboo fibre cannot be certified as organic. In addition, according to a ruling by the Federal Trade Commission, bamboo clothings are also not to be labeled as antimicrobial or biodegradable. Nonetheless, there are other reasons that make bamboo a sustainable source of fabric fibre. One of the reasons is that bamboo can be cultivated relatively easily, without the use of pesticides, fertilizers and water irrigation. Another reason is because the bamboo plant grows very rapidly and no replanting is needed even after harvesting of mature bamboo shoots. These reasons makes bamboo a source of natural and renewable fibre that can potentially meet the clothing needs of the worlds growing population in a sustainable way. However, care needs to be taken to ensure that the water containing the chemicals used in the processing of bamboo are properly treated before the water leaves the plant and enters the environment. This is so that the impact of bamboo fibre production on the environment is minimal. In turn, the Oeko-Tex 100 or 1000 certification on a particular source of bamboo fabric indicates that the fabric has been produced with minimal impact on the environment.

Organic wool fibres Wool is an animal-based fibre, obtained mainly from sheep and other animals like goats (known as cashmere wool) and camels. For the animal lover, you can be assured that the sheep survives after its wool has been sheared. In fact, the sheep grows back its cover of wool by the next year and is ready for shearing again. In instances where the wool is not sheered, it might actually fall off the body of the sheep automatically come late spring, through a process known as rooing. And in case you are worried about how the sheep survives the cold weathers without its wool cover, considerations are actually for the welfare of the sheep when determining the time for shearing. As an eco friendly clothing fibre, wool has good insulating abilities, and can help to keep the heat in, as well as keep the heat out. Wool fibres are also water absorbent and can absorb water up to a third of its weight. In addition, wool can also absorb sound. Wool has the added benefit of being rather fire-resistant it requires a much higher temperature than cotton to catch fire, and when burnt, it forms a char that self-insulates and self-extinguishes. As such, wool is often used in uniforms for firemen. According to the Organic Trade Association, organic wool comes from sheep that are fed with organic livestock feed (at least during the third gestation period). Synthetic hormones, insecticides (to kill ticks and lice) and genetic engineering are not allowed on these sheep. And synthetic pesticides are also not to be used on the pastures on which the sheep graze. In addition, the sheep farmers are not allowed to over-farm on the land which their sheep graze. These environmentally friendly farming techniques used in the cultivation of organic wool help to spare the earth from much of the land pollution associated with synthetic pesticides and overfarming. In addition, consumers of organic wool can also be better assured that they would be exposed to less harmful chemicals (e.g. residual insecticides). Recycled fibres Eco friendly clothing made of recycled fibres could be purely made of natural fibres, or solely made of plastic fibres, or a mixture of both (e.g. recycled cotton fibres plus recycled PET fibres for increased strength in the fabric). In the case of natural recycled fibres, scraps of natural fibre fabrics from clothing factories are collected, reprocessed back into their constituent natural fibres, and respun into new yarn to produce a new piece of fabric (made of natural fibres). In the case of recycled fibres made from plastic, unwanted plastic items (e.g. PET plastic bottles) are melted into pellets which are then processed and spun into yarn-like fibres to be made into clothes. For example, as reported in Maildaily.com in 2007, Marks & Spencer launched some 20 school uniform made from recycled plastic bottles. The production of these eco friendly clothing made from recycled fibres are considered environmentally friendly because they actually help to divert much unwanted fabric fibres and plastic from the waste management systems like the landfills and incinerators.

Other benefits of eco clothing

There are other benefits of eco friendly clothing besides being more environmentally friendly. One of the second greatest benefits of eco clothing is that they are healthier for you and me. Conventional garments are often contaminated with chemical dyes and garment finishes (eg. finishes to make your clothing wrinkle-free, anti-bacterial etc), or even synthetic pesticides left over from the agriculture processes. For example, many conventional dyes and fixatives contain heavy metals and dioxins that are found to be carcinogenic. These harmful chemicals on our conventional clothing come into ready and prolonged contact with our skin , and can cause us skin irritations and even allergies. Some of these chemicals might even diffuse through our skin into our body, especially when the chemical particles are small enough, when our sweat pores are open during sweating, or if the protective ability of our skin has been reduced substantially. The toxins that enter our body might then bio-accumulate and can cause harm to our health in the long run. Besides being healthier for our skin, eco friendly clothing are also comfortable to wear. They have been around for centuries and used by our ancestors, before the invention of harmful synthetic chemicals like toxic dyes, pesticides and fertilizers, etc. For example, organic cotton is absorbent, soft and comfortable to wear in warm climatic conditions. Eco-clothing made of soy fibre are light and even have anti-ultraviolet properties. Bamboo fibre and wool fibre clothing help keep you comfortable throughout the seasons warm in winter and cool in summer.

Beyond eco clothing

What really must come first even before eco friendly clothing is the practice of reducing and reusing. It doesnt really help if you are constantly buying new eco friendly clothing and then regularly discarding them in the rubbish bin, especially if they are still in good conditions. Even if your eco clothing is made of natural materials and hence minimizes pollution when sent to the landfills or incinerator, the fact is that you are still producing substantial amount of waste if you practise buy-and-throw. And the disposal of this waste will inevitably produce pollution in one way or another. So if really want to go green, what we suggest that you do is the following: Reduce your consumption purchase a few nice, evergreen and durable eco clothing, and use them till they spoil, instead of pursuing fashion trends and constantly buying new clothes and discarding old ones It is fine to pamper yourself, or your loved ones, once in a while with a new outfit. If you wish to give yourself or your loved one a treat, then yes, go for eco clothing, because the negative impact they have on the environment is less than conventional clothes. Nonetheless, remember, dont overdo it. The first most important principle to going green is still to reduce consumption. If you have clothes that you simply cant fit in anymore but they are still in good conditions, send them to others who will reuse the clothes, instead of dumping the clothes in the rubbish bin where they will surely be buried or burnt, or may even end up in the oceanic garbage patches. Check with your local charity homes if they need used clothes. Alternatively, check with your local recycling companies if they collect old clothes for recycling or reusing in poorer countries. Make sure that the clothes you send to them are in good conditions. Nonetheless, this avenue for you to share your clothes with the disadvantaged others should not be abused. It should not be treated as an alternative rubbish bin where you can dump all your last seasons fashion wear, while you purchase more of this seasons fashion.

ECO-FRIENDLY SWIMWEAR
Eco-friendliness is hardly a new concept, but with bathing suit season in full swing, its finally here. Eco friendly Swimwear is made from eco friendly fabric fibres. In turn, eco friendly fabric fibres can be categorized into two types natural organic fibres and recycled fibres. Natural fibres are non-petroleum based but are instead plant or animal fibre based. Examples of plant based natural fibres include cotton, hemp, bamboo and soy. Animal based natural fibres include wool, silk and cashmere etc. In turn, recycled fibres could be natural or plastic in nature. Eco-friendly swimwear is still a relatively new area of innovation, but there are already a number of passionate designers transforming their love of the Earth into beautiful, fashionable, and ecofriendly swimwear. As more and more designers begin to experiment with green fashion and design in the coming years, we can expect to see even more fabulous eco-friendly swimwear designs. Here is some of the eco-friendly swimwear: Green bikini: Designer: Linda Loudermilk (eco-couture designer) Suit wont dissolve on a womans body, but bury it under dirt, like in a land fill, and it would break down within 180 days leaving not a single spandex strap, blot of chemical dye or foam bra cup insert behind. You can use it again or you A "sustainable swimsuit" made by Eco Swim by Aqua Green. (Miami Herald) can throw it away. Aaron Chang: He made a name for himself on the surfing scene. By combining his passion for keeping his beloved waters clean and fashion design, he has created a swimsuit line that uses polyester yarn and recycled soda bottles. And all of his swimwear has a common theme of natural elements, including plants, animals and of course, the beach. Becca Swimwear: He takes advantage of soy pulp, a by-product of tofu soy oil production. While the by-product is normally discarded, Becca Swimwear spins it into a soy fabric for their swimwear collection. The styles range from sporty to sexy and have been featured in Glamour, Sports Illustrated and Vogue. Niksters : It refers to its line of swimwear as the sexier side of green and it offers bandeau-style tops and Brazilian cut bottoms. Not only are these suits made from earth-friendly fabrics such as soy, organic cotton and bamboo, but they also feature the funky accent of bamboo rings. And with each purchase, a portion is donated to worthwhile environmental causes such as saving the sea turtles. Eco Panda: Swimwear diverts waste from landfills in order to make its swimsuits from 100% recycled fibers. Composed of MIPAN regen recycled nylon, mostly created from post-consumer fishing nets, these suits are colourful and fun. And by using recycled fibres, there is a 28% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a 27% drop in petroleum use. Anna Cohen Another industry favorite, Anna Cohen comes up with a unique fabric concept by using surplus mill-end fabrics in her swimwear designs, as well as the usual organic cotton and bamboo. Her

Teal Triangle Bikini is constructed from the leftover fabric once used to make Olympic Speed Skating uniforms. The sexy string bikini has a low-rise bottom and is for the girl who dares to go bare. Jungle Gurl Leave it to a former model to create a line of super sexy (itty bitty) bikinis that are designed to work for women who love their bodies. Worn by skinny minnies, such as Nicole Richie, these suits are for the woman who wants to make a splash in a one-of-a kind bikini, created out of vintage fabrics from around the world. Seven different categories offer something for everyone, including children. You cant go wrong with the Mikaela, a classic string bikini, complete with triangle top and string tie bottom. Kelly B A trusted name in the eco friendly clothing industry, Kelly Bs Valentina bikini was recently featured on a segment of The View. Made from bamboo and organic cotton, all of Kelly Bs swimwear collection maintains the designers innate sense of classic style. We love the refined sexiness of the Amanda one-piece suit. A removable halter strap offers added support, while a peek-a-boo back means you look as good going as you do coming. See the entire line Loyale Clothing Again, the triangle top bikini rules, but this time it offers more coverage in the posterior. Made from 100% organic Pointelle with 100% bamboo lining Meadow The name is pretty and so are the suits, made from hemp, organic cotton, bamboo and soy. Different styles offer more or less coverage, depending on your comfort level. We like the simplicity of the Red Luna bamboo and organic cotton bikini, which works for many body types. SeedleSs Just in case you were worried that theres nothing good in mens eco-friendly swimwear, take a look at seedleSs clothings shOrts HEINY TRUNKS. Like all of the clothing made by this brand, these are created using eco-friendly hemp and come in a variety of colourful, fun prints.

SWIM TREND ANAYISIS

WGSN ANALYSIS
Theme: distinctive youthful festival looks dominate, including Wild West ideas and the more up market vibrant tribal influences. Relaxed themes included hippy styles and a mix-and-match approach to bikini sets Shape & detail: caged effects and cropped cuts have a youthful feel, while glamorous looks include cutouts, lingerie construction and a focus on unusual shoulder coverage and banded strapping. Prints: a move-on into more up market categories for tie-dye, bouquet floral dominate the pretty and vintage looks, exotica patterns reference a broad range of subjects, tile-inspired prints have a contemporary feel and stretched painterly effects are up-and-coming.

Colour: impactful lipstick pinks, muted nude and blush levels, a broad range of oceanic blues, vibrant shades of intense coral, white and a play on colour-blocking which display new ways of working the look .
Wild West With a focus on fraying and tassels cut at varied lengths, fabrics include suedette and crochet, while color is predominantly muted. Other Wild West references stretch as far as a cowboys and Indians print with sheriff badge at Agua Bendita. Tribal vibrance Strong use of tribal pattern, mirrored prints and bold graphic monochromatic appliqu ideas. Colour is vibrant this season, with mutlicolour rainbow brights and fiery hues. Hippy Youthful hippy looks include knitted and crocheted swimwear and coordinates, and peasant dresses with a loose, relaxed vibe. Mix-and-match A continuation of the popular theme of mix-and-match bikinis, updated this season with clashing print and colour, multiple strapping and asymmetric features.

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimsuit http://vintagefashionguild.org/fashion-history/swim-wear-history/ http://www.fashion-era.com/swimwear.htm http://www.whiteapricot.com/fab_finds/rm_top_swimsuits.php