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    Dental Amalgam

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    فیضان حنیف
    This document discusses dental amalgam, including its composition, classification, setting reactions, microstructure, properties, manipulation, and recent modifications. Dental amalgam is an alloy used in dental restorations that contains mercury and one or more other metals such as silver, tin, and copper. It discusses the various types of amalgam alloys, how the amalgam sets and reacts over time, techniques for placing amalgam restorations, and potential health concerns related to mercury.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Dental Amalgam

    Uploaded by

    فیضان حنیف
    333 views34 pages
    This document discusses dental amalgam, including its composition, classification, setting reactions, microstructure, properties, manipulation, and recent modifications. Dental amalgam is an alloy used in dental restorations that contains mercury and one or more other metals such as silver, tin, and copper. It discusses the various types of amalgam alloys, how the amalgam sets and reacts over time, techniques for placing amalgam restorations, and potential health concerns related to mercury.

    Original Description:

    dental education ebook

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document discusses dental amalgam, including its composition, classification, setting reactions, microstructure, properties, manipulation, and recent modifications. Dental amalgam is an alloy used in dental restorations that contains mercury and one or more other metals such as silver, tin, and copper. It discusses the various types of amalgam alloys, how the amalgam sets and reacts over time, techniques for placing amalgam restorations, and potential health concerns related to mercury.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    333 views34 pages

    Dental Amalgam

    Uploaded by

    فیضان حنیف
    This document discusses dental amalgam, including its composition, classification, setting reactions, microstructure, properties, manipulation, and recent modifications. Dental amalgam is an alloy used in dental restorations that contains mercury and one or more other metals such as silver, tin, and copper. It discusses the various types of amalgam alloys, how the amalgam sets and reacts over time, techniques for placing amalgam restorations, and potential health concerns related to mercury.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that dental amalgam is an alloy composed of mercury and other metals like silver, tin, and copper. It is used in dental restorations. The document discusses the composition, classification, setting reactions and properties of dental amalgam.

    The main components of dental amalgam are mercury and solid metals including silver, tin, copper, and sometimes zinc. The alloy is formed when mercury is combined with these solid metals.

    Dental amalgams are classified as conventional (low copper) alloys and high copper alloys. Conventional alloys can have lathe-cut or spherical particles while high copper alloys are admixed or unicompositionial.

    Dental Amalgam

    Prepared by : Dr.Dalia A. Abu-Alena in MDS,BDS

    I.

    Dental Amalgam

    Amalgam:is an

    alloy of mercury with one or more other metals. Dental amalgam alloy:is an alloy that contains solid metals of silver,tin, copper and some times zinc. Dental amalgam: is the alloy that results when mercury is combined with the previously mentioned alloys to form a plastic mass.

    II. Composition of Dental Amalgam:


    Silver Tin

    Copper
    Zinc

    Indium

    and Palladium Mercury

    III. Classification of Dental Amalgam Alloys


    1. Conventional (Low Copper )Alloy:
    (a)

    a. Lathe-cut Particles. b. Spherical Particles

    (b)

    Classification of Dental Amalgam Alloys


    (a)

    2. High copper alloy:


    a. Admix Alloy. b. Unicompositional

    alloy.
    (b)

    IV. Silver -Tin Binary System

    V. Setting Reactions of Dental Amalgams:


    1) Low Copper Alloy:
    Ag3Sn + Hg () Ag2Hg3 + Sn8Hg + Ag3Sn (1) ( 2) ()
    54%-56% 1 Hg 2 11-13% 27-35%

    Hg

    1+ 2

    Setting Reactions of Dental Amalgams:


    2) High copper alloy
    a) Admixed alloy
    1. Ag3Sn + AgCu + Hg ( ) Ag2Hg3 + Sn8Hg + Ag3Sn + AgCu (1 ) (2 ) ( )

    2. Sn8Hg + AgCu (2)

    Cu6Sn5 + Ag2Hg3 + Ag3Sn ( ) (1 ) ( )

    Setting Reactions of Dental Amalgams:


    2) High copper alloy
    b) Unicompositional Alloy: Ag3Sn + Cu3Sn + Hg ( ) () Cu6Sn5 + Ag2Hg3 () (1 )

    Microstructure of Set Low Copper Amalgam.


    (Ag3Sn)
    Voids

    2(Sn8Hg)

    1(Ag2Hg3)

    Microstructure of Set HighCopper Admixed Amalgam.


    1(Ag2Hg3)
    Eutectic(Ag3Cu2) (Cu6Sn5)

    (Ag3Sn)

    VI. Properties of Dental Amalgam

    VI. Properties of Dental Amalgam


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Compressive strength Tensile Strength Elastic Modulus Creep Dimensional Changes Tarnish and Corrosion:

    VI. Properties of Dental Amalgam


    1. Compressive strength
    -Amalgam is strongest in compression and much weaker in tension and shear. -HCU materials have the highest compressive strength.

    Properties of Dental Amalgam


    2. Tensile Strength:
    -Amalgam is strongest in compression and much weaker in tension and shear. -HCU materials have the highest early tensile strength.

    Properties of Dental Amalgam

    Strength of various phases:


    1. Unreacted Ag3Sn () phase.

    (strongest) 2. Ag2Hg3(1)phase. 3. Sn8Hg (2)phase.(weakest)

    Properties of Dental Amalgam


    3. Elastic Modulus:
    -High- copper alloys are stiffer than low-copper alloys. -Amalgam are viscoelastic.

    Properties of Dental Amalgam


    4. Creep
    -Low-copper lathe cut alloy has the highest value of creep (6.3%). -The low creep values of high- copper alloys(0.05-0.09%) increase the brittleness of amalgam and decrease the relief of stresses at contact areas under load.

    Properties of Dental Amalgam


    5. Dimensional Changes:
    -Low-copper alloy have the greatest dimensional change(-19.7m/cm). -High-copper unicompositional alloy have the least dimensional change (1.9 m/cm). -Other alloys are ranging from (-8.8 to 14.8 m/cm).

    Properties of Dental Amalgam


    5. Dimensional Changes:

    Delayed Excessive Expansion ?

    Zinc containing alloy + Moisture.

    Properties of Dental Amalgam


    6. Tarnish and Corrosion:
    -Corrosion of various phases: - Ag3Hg3 ( 1)..Least corrodible. -Ag3Sn(). -Ag3Cu2(eutectic). -Cu3Sn( ). -Cu6Sn5( ). -Sn8Hg (2)..Most corrodible

    Properties of Dental Amalgam


    6. Tarnish and Corrosion: Excessive corrosion can lead to : Increase porosity. Reduced marginal integrity. Loss of strength. Release of metallic products .

    VII. Manipulation of Dental Amalgam:


    1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Selection of alloy. Proportioning and dispensing. Trituration. Condensation. Carving. Finishing and polishing.

    Manipulation of Dental Amalgam:


    1) Selection of alloy:
    It is estimated that the majority of the dental amalgams currently placed are high copper alloys , spherical- unicopositional or admixed types .

    Manipulation of Dental Amalgam:


    2) Proportioning and dispensing:
    proportioned capsules containing alloy particles and mercury in compartments separated by a disk or membrane are available.

    Manipulation of Dental Amalgam:


    3)

    Trituration:
    Trituration is the process by which mercury is allowed to react with the alloy powder . This procedure allows the rubbing of the surface oxide on amalgam particles , exposing an active surface to react with mercury .

    Manipulation of Dental Amalgam:


    3)

    Trituration: - Hand Trituration -Mechanical Trituration

    Manipulation of Dental Amalgam:


    Effect

    f over-trituration and undertrituration:


    Working time decreases with over- trituration. Setting contraction increases with over-

    trituration. Compressive and tensile strengths increase with over-trituration of lath cut alloys;however they decrease with over- and under-trituration of spherical alloys. Creep increases with over- trituration.

    Manipulation of Dental Amalgam:


    4)

    Condensation: -Hand Condensation. -Mechanical Condensation.

    Manipulation of Dental Amalgam:


    5)

    Carving:

    Manipulation of Dental Amalgam:


    6) Finishing and polishing:

    Mercury Toxicity
    Properties Sources

    of mercury.

    of mercury exposure.
    hygiene.

    Mercury

    Recent Modifications of Dental Amalgam Alloys

    Indium containing amalgam. Palladium containing amalgam. Copper amalgam. Mercury free gallium based alloy.

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