Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 191 views

    06 Train Track Dynamics June 08

    Uploaded by

    Charles Koh
    This document discusses train-track dynamics and the interaction of forces that occur as a train moves over track. It covers topics like lateral and vertical forces, factors that influence forces like speed and train consist, and effects of forces like hunting and wheel/rail profiles.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    06 Train Track Dynamics June 08

    Uploaded by

    Charles Koh
    191 views21 pages
    This document discusses train-track dynamics and the interaction of forces that occur as a train moves over track. It covers topics like lateral and vertical forces, factors that influence forces like speed and train consist, and effects of forces like hunting and wheel/rail profiles.

    Original Description:

    Train Track Dynamics June 08

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses train-track dynamics and the interaction of forces that occur as a train moves over track. It covers topics like lateral and vertical forces, factors that influence forces like speed and train consist, and effects of forces like hunting and wheel/rail profiles.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    191 views21 pages

    06 Train Track Dynamics June 08

    Uploaded by

    Charles Koh
    This document discusses train-track dynamics and the interaction of forces that occur as a train moves over track. It covers topics like lateral and vertical forces, factors that influence forces like speed and train consist, and effects of forces like hunting and wheel/rail profiles.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that many factors affect the interaction between trains and tracks, including train speed, composition and track geometry. The document discusses lateral forces, vertical forces, vehicle dynamics and how the wheel/rail interface impacts train movement.

    Some of the main lateral forces acting on trains discussed in the document are flanging force, centrifugal force, frictional curving force, coupler force, buff and draft force and track geometry forces.

    The document states that deviations in track geometry can accentuate pitch and bounce of trains. It also discusses how changes in alignment, gage, cross-level/superelevation and profile can produce lateral and vertical forces on trains.

    Module 6: Train-Track Dynamics

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 1 of 21

    Module Objectives
    Understanding the Rail/Wheel Interface Identifying Force Generators Understanding Force Effects

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 2 of 21

    Train-Track Dynamics
    Definition
    Interaction of forces occurring as train moves over the track structure
    Lateral Forces Vertical Forces Vehicle Dynamics Rail & Wheel Profile

    Many factors affect these forces


    Train Speed & Handling Train Consist & Placement of Cars, etc.
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 3 of 21

    L/V Ratio
    L/V Definition Effect on Stability Lateral Forces Vertical Forces Wheel/Rail Profile

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 4 of 21

    Lateral Forces
    Flanging Force Centrifugal Force Frictional Curving Force Coupler Force Buff & Draft Force Truck Hunting Track Geometry Force
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 5 of 21

    Frictional Curving Force


    Difference in Distance Outside Vs. Inside Wheel Rolls in Curve Effect of Conical Wheel Tread Generation of Creep Forces
    Cause Truck to Steer to Curve Outside Magnitude of Forces Vs. Wide Gage, Corrugations & Geometry Problems

    Importance of Lubrication
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 6 of 21

    Coupler Forces

    Position of Coupler Faces in Curves Long Car Coupled to Short Car Longitudinal Force Effect Angularity of Couplers Torque Applied at Wheel-Rail Interface
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 7 of 21

    Buff & Draft Forces


    Longitudinal Train Forces Result of Changes in Gradient, Curvature & Speed Buff - Run-in = Train in Compression - Produces Outward Force on Curve, Increases Vertical Load on Outside Draft - Run-Out = Train in Tension Produces Inward Force on Curve, Increases Vertical Load on Inside

    Slack 6"/Car 50' Slack/6000' Train

    Train in Simultaneous Buff & Draft -Torque Produced - Force Applied at Coupler Resisted at the Rail
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 8 of 21

    Hunting
    Caused by:
    Empty or lightly loaded cars (though heavy cars can also hunt). Train speeds above 45 mph. Dry rail. Three piece freight car truck. Roller side bearings. Tangent track or curvature of 1 degree. Roller bearing wheelsets. Worn wheel treads having a hollow appearance over good quality track. Poor vertical snubbing.

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 9 of 21

    Track Geometry Forces


    Lateral Force Result of Changes in Alignment & Gage
    Wide Gage > Truck Hunting at High Speeds Tight Gage > Truck Hunting at Low Speeds

    Vertical Force Result of Changes in Cross-level/Superelevation & Profile


    Vehicle Rocks About CG Produces Horizontal Component at Rail because of Shift in CG
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 10 of 21

    Vertical Forces
    Vehicle Weight Unbalanced Elevation in Curves Car/Locomotive Dynamics Track Geometry Input Coupler Forces

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 11 of 21

    Effects of Centrifugal Force


    OVERBALANCE Centrifugal Center of Force Gravity EQUILIBRIUM UNDERBALANCE

    Center of Gravity

    Centrifugal Centrifugal Center of Force Force Gravity

    Resultant Gravity

    Resultant Gravity

    Resultant Gravity

    Superelevation

    Superelevation

    Superelevation

    Vmax

    Ea + 3 = 0.0007D

    Amount of Underbalance

    Vmax = Maximum allowable operating speed (mph). Ea = Average elevation of the outside rail (inches). = Degree of curvature (degrees). D
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 12 of 21

    Car & Locomotive Dynamics


    Bounce
    Increase & Decrease Vertical Loading Speeds > 40 MPH

    Bounce & Pitch Change in Track Modulus Result of Surface Pitch Variations
    Varying Vertical Load Transfers End to End
    Square Joints
    Wheel Climb & Short Flange Marks
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 13 of 21

    Track Geometry
    Deviations in Geometry Accentuate Pitch & Bounce
    Deviation in Uniform Profile Mismatched, Bent or Battered Joints Worn Points/Battered Frogs & Crossing Diamonds Poor Cross-level
    Rock & Roll

    Spirals
    Warp Forces Suspension Diagonally to Limits
    Bind Side Bearings - Trucks Can't Turn
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 14 of 21

    Harmonic Oscillation
    Rock & Roll
    High Center of Gravity Cars & Low Joints at Truck Spacing Rocking Magnifies Alternate Rocking on Other Rail Wheel Lift on Successive Joints Especially Dangerous on Curves Resonance Occurs at Critical Speed Critical Speeds Occurs at Multiples of Frequency & Wavelength
    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 15 of 21

    Center of Gravity & Oscillation

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 16 of 21

    Longitudinal Coupler Forces


    Loaded car coupled to empty car (difference in compression of springs). Differences in wheel wear, especially with multi-wear wheels. Inequality of track surface, or sharp vertical curvature. Vehicle bounce or pitch. Effects of slack run-in or run-out.

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 17 of 21

    Coupler Forces & Derailments


    Time duration of coupler forces Train consist and makeup Train handling by crew Terrain Geometry of coupled cars

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 18 of 21

    Rail-Wheel Profile

    New Wheel & New Rail

    New Wheel & Worn Rail

    Worn Wheel & Worn Rail

    Worn Wheel & New Rail


    5: 19 of 21

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    Critical L/V Ratio


    L/V = 1.29 wheel may climb new rail.

    L/V = .82 wheel lift impending.


    L/V = .75 wheel may climb worn rail.

    L/V = .64 rail overturn force starts (unrestrained rail may overturn: rail rollover).

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 20 of 21

    QUESTIONS?
    Author: Joseph E. Riley, P.E. Federal Railroad Administration (202) 493-6357 joseph.e.riley@dot.gov

    Contributors: Robert Kimicata, P.E. Kimicata Rail Consulting (847) 394-4105 rdkimicata@krailinc.com

    COPYRIGHT AREMA 2008

    5: 21 of 21

    You might also like