Bogie 1

Bogie
A bogie (pronounced /ˈboʊɡi/, us dict: bō′·gē) is a wheeled wagon or
trolley. In mechanics terms, a bogie is a chassis or framework carrying
wheels, attached to a vehicle. It can be fixed in place, as on a cargo
truck, mounted on a swivel, as on a railway carriage or locomotive, or
sprung as in the suspension of a caterpillar tracked vehicle.

US-style railroad truck with journal bearings

Bettendorf-style freight car truck displayed at the

Illinois Railway Museum. This one uses journal
bearings.

Railway
A bogie in the UK, or a wheel truck, or simply truck in the USA and
Canada as well as Mexico, is a structure underneath a train to which
axles (and, hence, wheels) are attached through bearings.
The first British railway to build coaches with bogies, instead of Diagram showing bogie function
rigidly-mounted axles, was the Midland Railway in 1874.[1]
Bogies serve a number of purposes:[2]
• Support of the rail vehicle body.
• Stability on both straight and curved track.
• Ensuring ride comfort by absorbing vibration, and minimizing
centrifugal forces when the train runs on curves at high speed.
• Minimizing generation of track irregularities and rail abrasion.
Usually two bogies are fitted to each carriage, wagon or locomotive,
one at each end. An alternate configuration often is used in articulated
vehicles, which places the bogies (often jacobs bogies) under the
connection between the carriages or wagons. Archbar type truck with journal bearings as used
on some steam locomotive tenders. A version of
Most bogies have two axles as it is the simplest design,[2] but some the archbar truck was at one time also used on US
cars designed for extremely heavy loads have been built with up to five freight cars

axles per bogie. Heavy-duty cars may have more than two bogies using
span bolsters to equalize the load and connect the bogies to the cars.
Bogie 2

Usually the train floor is at a level above the bogies, but the floor of the
car may be lower between bogies, such as for a double decker train to
increase interior space while staying within height restrictions, or in
easy-access, stepless-entry low-floor trains.
Key components of a bogie include:[2]
• The bogie frame itself.
• Suspension to absorb shocks between the bogie frame and the rail Bogie of a SBB Eurocity passenger car, as seen
vehicle body. Common types are coil springs, or rubber airbags. from underneath

• At least one wheelset, composed of an axle with a bearings and

wheel at each end.
• Axle box suspension to absorb shocks between the axle bearings and the bogie frame. The axle box suspension
usually consists of a spring between the bogie frame and axle bearings to permit up and down movement, and
sliders to prevent lateral movement. A more modern design uses solid rubber springs.
• Brake equipment. Two main types are used: brake shoes that are pressed against the tread of the wheel, and disc
brakes and pads.
• In powered vehicles, some form of transmission, usually an electrically powered traction motors or a
hydraulically powered torque converter.
The connections of the bogie with the rail vehicle allows a certain degree of rotational movement around a vertical
axis pivot (bolster), with side bearers preventing excessive movement. More modern bolsterless bogie designs omit
these features, instead taking advantage of the sideways movement of the suspension to permit rotational
movement.[2]

Examples

BR1 bogie
The British Railways Mark 1 coach brought into production in 1950 utilised the BR1 bogie, which was rated to run
at 90 mph (145 km/h). The wheels were cast as a one-piece item in a pair with their axle. The simple design involved
the bogie resting on four leaf springs (one spring per wheel) which in turn were connected to the axles. The leaf
springs were designed to absorb any movement or resonance and to have a damping effect to benefit ride quality.
Each spring was connected to the outermost edge of the axle by a roller bearing contained in oil-filled axle box. The
oil had to be topped up at regular maintenance times to avoid the bearing running hot and seizing.
There was also a heavy-duty version designated BR2.

Commonwealth bogie

The Commonwealth bogie, manufactured by SKF or Timken, was

introduced in the late 1950s for all BR Mark 1 vehicles. It was a heavy,
cast-steel design weighing about 6.5 long tons (6.6 t)[3] with sealed
roller bearings on the axle ends, avoiding the need to maintain axle box
oil levels.
The leaf springs were replaced by coil springs (one per wheel) running
vertically rather than horizontally. The advanced design gave a better Commonwealth bogie as used on BR Mark 1 and
ride quality than the BR1, being rated for 100 miles per hour (160 CIE Park Royals.
km/h).

The side frame of the bogie was usually of bar construction, with simple horn guides attached, allowing the
axleboxes vertical movements between them. The axleboxes had a cast steel equaliser beam or bar resting on them.
Bogie 3

The bar had two steel coil springs placed on it and the bogie frame rested on the springs. The effect was to allow the
bar to act as a compensating lever between the two axles and to use both springs to soften shocks from either axle.
The bogie had a conventional bolster suspension with swing links carrying a spring plank.

B4 bogie

The B4 bogie was introduced in 1963. It was a fabricated steel design

as versus cast iron and was lighter than the Commonwealth, weighing
in at 5 long tons (5.08 t).[4] It also had a speed rating of 100 miles per
hour (160 km/h).
Axle/spring connection was again with fitted roller bearings. However,
now two coil springs rather than one were fitted per wheel.[5] B4 bogie as used on BR Mark 2 and Irish
Cravens
Only a very small amount of Mark 1 stock was fitted with the B4 bogie
from new, it being used on the Mark 1 only to replace worn out BR1
bogies. The British Rail Mark 2 coach however carried the B4 bogies from new. A heavier duty version, the B5, was
standard on Southern Region Mk1 based EMUs from the 1960s onwards. Some Mark 1 catering cars had mixed
bogies—a B5 under the kitchen end, and a B4 under the seating end. Some of the B4 fitted Mark 2s, as well as many
B4 fitted Mark 1 BGs were allowed to run at 110 miles per hour (180 km/h) with extra maintenance, particularly of
the wheel profile, and more frequent exams.

BT10 Bogie

The BT10 bogie was introduced on the British Rail Mark 3 coach in
the 1970s. Each wheel is separately connected to the bogie by a
swing-arm axle.
There is dual suspension:
• primary suspension via a coil spring and damper mounted on each
axle.
• secondary suspension via two air springs mounted on the pivot
plank. This is connected to the bogie by pendulum links. A constant
[6]
coach height is maintained by air valves. BT10 High speed bogie as used on MK3

Locomotives

Most diesel locomotives and electric locomotives are carried on bogies (trucks - US). Trucks used in the USA
include AAR type A switcher truck, Blomberg B, HT-C truck and Flexicoil [7] .
Bogie 4

Tramway

Modern
Tram bogies are much simpler in design because of their axle load, and
the tighter curves found on tramways mean that tram bogies almost
never have more than two axles. Furthermore, some tramways have
steeper gradients and vertical as well as horizontal curves, which
means that tram bogies often need to pivot on the horizontal axis as
well.
Some articulated trams have bogies located under articulations, a setup
referred to as a Jacobs bogie. Often low-floor trams are fitted with
non-pivoting bogies and many tramway enthusiasts see this as a Side view of a SEPTA PCC car bogie

retrograde step, as it leads to more wear of both track and wheels and
also significantly reduces the speed at which a tram can round a curve.[8] The only 100% low floor tram with
pivoting bogies - Škoda ForCity - uses the Jacobs bogie.

Historic
In the past, many different types of bogie ("truck") have been used under tramcars, e.g. "Brill", "Peckham" and
"maximum traction". A maximum traction truck has one driving axle with large wheels and one non-driving axle
with smaller wheels. The bogie pivot is located off-centre so that more than half the weight rests on the driving axle.

Tracked vehicles
Some tanks and other tracked vehicles have bogies as external suspension components (see armoured fighting
vehicle suspension). This type of bogie usually has two or more road wheels and some type of sprung suspension to
smooth the ride across rough terrain. Bogie suspensions keep much of their components on the outside of the
vehicle, saving internal space. Although vulnerable to antitank fire, they can often be repaired or replaced in the
field.

Hybrid systems
Rubber-tyred metro trains utilise a specialised version of railway
bogies. As well as the standard running wheels (rubber instead of steel)
there are additional horizontal guide wheels in front of and behind the
running wheels.

Variable gauge axles

To overcome breaks of gauge some bogies are being fitted with
Model of the pneumatic bogie system of a MP 89
variable gauge axles (VGA) so that they can operated on two different
carriage used on the Meteor metro.
gauges. These include the SUW 2000 system from ZNTK.

Manufacturers
• Vickers Ruwolt [9]
Bogie 5

See also
• Bissel bogie • Pony truck • Syntegra
• Blomberg B • Radial steering truck • Trailing wheel
• Jacobs bogie • Rocker-bogie • Wheel arrangement
• Krauss-Helmholtz bogie • Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie • Wheelset (railroad)
• Mason Bogie

References
[1] Jenkinson, David (1988). British Railway Carriages of the 20th Century - Volume 1: The end of an era, 1901-22. London: Guild Publishing.
p. 10. CN 8130.
[2] Isao Okamoto (December 1998). "How Bogies Work" (http:/ / www. jrtr. net/ jrtr18/ pdf/ f52_technology. pdf). Japan Railway & Transport
Review (18): 52–61. .
[3] Parkin, Keith (1991). British Railways Mark 1 Coaches. Penryn: Pendragon. p. 35. ISBN 0 906899 49 4.
[4] Parkin 1991, p. 37
[5] Unofficial West Somerset Railway website - Bogies (http:/ / www. wsr. org. uk/ bogies. htm)
[6] Roger Barnett - British Rail’s InterCity 125 and 225 (http:/ / www. uctc. net/ papers/ 114. pdf)
[7] http:/ / www. hosam. com/ emd/ emd6a. html
[8] "ČVUT.cz - Čapek, Kolář" (http:/ / www. railway2007. fd. cvut. cz/ proceedings/ Capek+ Kolar. pdf) (PDF). . Retrieved 2010-05-12.
[9] http:/ / www. sffej. net/ vickers/ railway. html

External links
• (English) TRUCK (bogie) with tyres (http://www.infovisual.info/05/050_en.html)
• (English) Arbel Faufet Rail Bogies (http://www.a-f-r.fr/bogiesE.htm)
• (English) Track modelling (http://www.rtu.mmu.ac.uk/pubs/Iwnicki Grassie Kik - Track Settlement
prediction using computer simulation tools.pdf)
Article Sources and Contributors 6

Article Sources and Contributors

Bogie  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=394144439  Contributors: 0o0o0ok, 16@r, A1r, Adoz, Ae-a, Anna Lincoln, Antonrojo, ArnoldReinhold, BenFrantzDale,
Benandorsqueaks, Bigjimr, Biscuittin, Bjs2889, BruceCarr, Cimmerian praetor, Cintrom, Conversion script, DMChatterton, Da monster under your bed, Dawgz, Dk pdx, Drmies, DuKot, Dweir,
Editore99, Ekko, Electron9, Gpvos, Grayshi, Hede2000, Hektor, Hellbus, Hermógenes Teixeira Pinto Filho, Hottentot, Iain Bell, Ian Dunster, InvaderJim42, Jaho, Jeffrey Mall, JustAGal,
Kabelleger, Keinstein, Kelisi, Kinu, Krj373, Kwamikagami, Lost on belmont, Mahanga, MakeChooChooGoNow, Mani1, Marcbela, Martg76, MattieTK, Mdebets, Meggar, Mintleaf, Myrtone86,
Mzajac, Nommonomanac, Ouro, PLawrence99cx, Patrick, Peter Horn, Picapica, Proffessor ike, Qrc2006, Quickos, Qviri, RGrimmig, Radiojon, Railwayfan2005, Rama, Redrose64, Robert
Brook, Rzf3, SJ Morg, SM, Saberwyn, Scalene, Shark96z, Sintaku, Slambo, SlaveToTheWage, Stan Shebs, Tabletop, Tdw, TheDJ, Three-quarter-ten, ThreeBlindMice, Thumperward, Tobias
Hoevekamp, Tommylommykins, Ummit, Viral barai, Wongm, Woohookitty, Wrightbus, Xterminator88, Yournan69, Zoqäski, 65 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Railroad truck,FM55-20.Fig8-8.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Railroad_truck,FM55-20.Fig8-8.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: ArnoldReinhold,
Chmod007, Jaho, 1 anonymous edits
File:Bettendorf truck at Illinois Railway Museum.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bettendorf_truck_at_Illinois_Railway_Museum.JPG  License: Creative
Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: User:Slambo
File:Bogie Vehicle Schematic (French).svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bogie_Vehicle_Schematic_(French).svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike
2.5  Contributors: Christophe Jacquet
File:archbar ACL143.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Archbar_ACL143.JPG  License: unknown  Contributors: Harvey Henkelmann
Image:Drehgestell SBB EC Waggon.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Drehgestell_SBB_EC_Waggon.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors:
David Gubler
File:Commonwealth bogie.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Commonwealth_bogie.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Dawgz
File:Bogie BT4.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bogie_BT4.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Dawgz
File:Bogie BT10.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bogie_BT10.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Dawgz
File:Septa PCC car truck.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Septa_PCC_car_truck.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5  Contributors:
User:Slambo
File:Bogie-metro-Meteor-p1010692.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bogie-metro-Meteor-p1010692.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0
 Contributors: User:Rama

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