Chapter 30 (1) .Magnetic
Chapter 30 (1) .Magnetic
Chapter 30 (1) .Magnetic
What is Physics?
Can a magnetic field produce an electric field that can drive a current?
the number of magnetic field lines that pass through the loop is changing.
The current in the coil induced by a changing magnetic field or changing the area of a coil methods is called an induced current. A closed circuit is necessary for the induced current to flow. The emf produced in the coil which drives the induced current is called the "induced emf". The induced emf exists whether or not the coil is part of a closed circuit.
The phenomenon of producing an induced emf with the aid of a magnetic field is called electromagnetic
induction.
MAGNETIC FLUX
This unit is called a weber (Wb), after the German physicist Wilhelm Weber: 1 Wb = 1 T m2
If we change the magnetic flux through a coil of N turns, an induced emf appears in every turn and the total emf induced in the coil is the sum of these individual induced emfs.
Sample
The long solenoid S shown (in cross section) in Fig. 30-3 has 220 turns/cm and carries a current i=1.5 A ; its diameter D is 3.2 cm. At its center we place a 130-turn closely packed coil C of diameter d=2.1 cm. The current in the solenoid is reduced to zero at a steady rate in 25 ms. What is the magnitude of the emf that is induced in coil C while the current in the solenoid is changing?
Lenz's Law
An induced current has a direction such that the magnetic field due to the current opposes the change in the magnetic flux that induces the current.
Sample Problem
Figure 30-8 shows a conducting loop consisting of a half-circle of radius r=0.20m and three straight sections. The half-circle lies in a uniform magnetic field that is directed out of the page; the field magnitude is given by B=4.0t2+2.0t+3.0, with B in teslas and t in seconds. An ideal battery with emf bet=2.0V is connected to the loop. The resistance of the loop is 2.0. (a) What are the magnitude and direction of the emf induced around the loop by B field at t=10 s? b) What is the current in the loop at t=10 s?
Example
An electromagnet generates a magnetic field which "cuts" through a coil as shown. What is the polarity of the emf generated in the coil if the applied field, B (a) points to the right and is increasing? (b) points to the right and is decreasing? (c) is pointing to the left and increasing? (d) is pointing to the left and decreasing?
An AC Generator
F1 iL B
Checkpoint
The figure shows four wire loops, with edge lengths of either L or 2L. All four loops will move through a region of uniform magnetic field B (directed out of the page) at the same constant velocity. Rank the four loops according to the maximum magnitude of the emf induced as they move through the field, greatest first.
For electric fields that are produced by static charges, E ds 0 , therefore, Electric potential has meaning; for electric fields that are produced by induction, E ds 0, therefore, electric potential has no meaning.
Faraday's law
Self-Induction
This process is called selfinduction, and the emf that appears is called a self-induced emf. An induced emf appears in any coil in which the current is changing.
Checkpoint
The figure shows an emf induced in a coil. Which of the following can describe the current through the coil: (a) constant and rightward, (b) constant and leftward, (c) increasing and rightward, (d) decreasing and right-ward, (e) increasing and leftward, (f) decreasing and leftward?
The left side of Eq. represents the rate at which the emf device delivers energy to the rest of the circuit. The rightmost term represents the rate at which energy appears as thermal energy in the resistor. Energy that is delivered to the circuit but does not appear as thermal energy must, by the conservation-of-energy, be stored in the magnetic field of the inductor.
L 0 n 2lA
A long coaxial cable consists of two thin-walled concentric conducting cylinders with radii a and b. The inner cylinder carries a steady current i, and the outer cylinder provides the return path for that current. The current sets up a magnetic field between the two cylinders. (a) Calculate the energy stored in the magnetic field for a length of the cable. (b) What is the stored energy per unit length of the cable if a=1.2mm, b=3.5mm , and i=2.7A ?
Sample Problem
Mutual Induction
The mutual inductance M21 of coil 2 with respect to coil 1 as Is a magnetic flux through coil 2 associated with the current in coil 1
d21 dt
Sample Problem
Figure 30-26 shows two circular close-packed coils, the smaller (radius R2, with N2 turns) being coaxial with the larger (radius R1 with N1 turns) and in the same plane. Derive an expression for the mutual inductance M for this arrangement of these two coils, assuming that R1 >>R2.