Topic 11 Electromagnetic induction

Formative Assessment
PROBLEM SET
NAME:
________________________________ TEAM:__
THIS IS A PRACTICE ASSESSMENT. Show formulas, substitutions, answers, and units!
Topic 11.1 Electromagnetic induction
An electron is in a straight wire conductor that is being pulled perpendicular to a
magnetic field having a strength of B = 0.150 T at a speed of 45.0 ms -1. The wire is
oriented in an east-west direction and is being pulled to the south. The B-field is
oriented downward.
1. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force that the electron experiences
during the motion of the wire through the magnetic field?
2. What is the direction of the force? Explain how you find this out.

The following questions are about moving conductors and moving magnetic fields.
3. Describe the inducing of an emf by relative motion between a conductor and a
magnetic field. Give two scenarios which exemplify this relative motion.
4. Derive the formula = BV for the emf induced in a straight conductor of length
traveling perpendicular to a magnetic field having a magnitude B at a velocity
v.

A wire having a length of 20.0 m is propelled through the air in a direction

perpendicular to its length at 150. m/s in a magnetic field that is perpendicular to
the plane of its velocity, and having a strength of 0.015 T.
5. What is the induced emf in the wire?
6. If a resistor of 12.0 is connected to the ends of the wire, what will its current
be?
7. What would be the power dissipated in the resistor?

The following questions are about magnetic flux and magnetic flux linkage.
8. Define magnetic flux and magnetic flux linkage.
9. Define magnetic flux density. What is another word for this quantity?
10.Name three ways to make the magnetic flux change.

11.Describe how the coil of a generator rotating in a magnetic field produces an

induced emf.
The following questions are about Faradays law and Lenzs law.
12.State Faradays law.
13.State Lenzs law.
14.Formulate a convincing argument for Lenzs law. In other words, why must the
induced flux change act in such a way as to minimize the original flux change?

A wire is wrapped around a toilet paper tube (diameter 5.0

cm) and connected to a voltmeter, as shown. A bar
magnet (B = 0.50 T) is oscillating in and out of the tube 75
times each minute, as shown by the double arrow. When
thrust in right-ward direction, the voltmeter needle
deflects to the right to a maximum of 14 V.
15.Describe the motion of the needle over time.
16.If you increased the oscillation rate to 125 times each minute, what would the
maximum voltage read?
17.How many more loops would you need to add if you wanted the maximum
voltage to read 20. V? Assume the oscillation rate is back to its original value.

A coil of wire resting on a tabletop and having 100 turns and an area of 3.14 cm 2 is
immersed in a magnetic field (0.90 T) which is pointing upward.
18.What is the angle that the magnetic field makes with the direction of the area?
19.What is the flux through a single loop?
20.What is the flux linkage through the coil?
21.What is the induced emf if the magnetic field remains constant?
22.If the magnetic field decreases to 0.45 T in 0.25 s, what is the rate of change of
the flux linkage through the coil?

23.What, then, is the induced emf?

24.What is the direction of the induced current in the coil, as viewed from above the
table? Which law tells you this?

A coil having 250 turns is subjected to a time-dependent

magnetic flux as shown in the graph.
25.What is the flux at t = 0.0015 s?
26.What is the flux linkage at t = 0.0015 s?
27.What is the magnitude of the emf induced in the coil?

A coil having an area of 2.5 10-3 m2 and 150

turns is moved in the magnetic field of a
magnet between P and Q as shown. The
distance the coil is from the face of the
magnet is x. The variation in strength of the
magnetic field with x is shown in the graph.
28.What is the flux linkage when the coil is
located at x = 1.25 cm?
29.What is the flux linkage when the coil is
located at x = 2.75 cm?
30.If the coil was moved from the first position to the
second one in 125 ms, what is the induced emf in
the coil?
This question is about electromagnetic induction. A small coil is
placed with its plane parallel to a long, current-carrying wire as
shown.
31.State Faradays law of electromagnetic induction.
32.Use the law to explain why, when the current in the wire
changes, an emf is induced in the coil.

33.Such a coil may be used to measure large alternating currents in a high voltage
cable. Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of this method.

Topic 11.2 Power generation and transmission

A rectangular coil of wire having dimensions 2.5 cm by 3.2 cm has 250 turns. It is
rotating at a frequency of 60 Hz in a magnetic field having a strength of 1.5 T.
34.What is its peak voltage 0?
35.What is the time dependence of its emf?
36.If the frequency is increased to 80 Hz, what is this generators peak voltage?
37.If the original frequency is tripled, what is the generators peak voltage?
The following questions are about root mean square (rms) values.
38.Discuss what is meant by the root mean square (rms) value of an alternating
current or voltage. Why is it used, instead of the straight-forward mean?
39.What is the significance of rms values in the context of power usage?

40.State the relation between peak and rms values for sinusoidal currents and
voltages.

42.Find the peak voltage.

em f / V

The graphs of voltage and current for an ac circuit containing a resistor are shown.
41.Find the rms voltage corresponding to
the induced emf whose graph is shown.

20
0

43.Find the angular frequency of the coil

that is producing this emf.

20
10

30

40
t/
ms

-20
I/A

44.Find the maximum flux linkage of the

coil that is producing this emf.

40

-40
2
1
0
-1
-2

10

20

30

40
t/
ms

45.Find the rms current from the graph.

46.Find the peak current.
47.Write the equation which shows the time variation of the current.
48.Find the resistance of the circuit.
49.What is the average power dissipated by the circuit?
The following questions are about ideal transformers.
50.Describe the operation of ideal transformers.
51.Show that for an ideal transformer Is / Ip = Vp / Vs.

A transformer having 250 turns in its primary winding has a

60 Hz input voltage of V in = 120 VAC. It is desired that V out
should be 16 VAC.
52.How many turns should the secondary winding have?
53.If the current in the primary winding is 1.25 A, what will
the current in the secondary winding be?

Vin

Vout

Primary
Secondary

54.What is the frequency of the output voltage?

55.If the frequency doubles, describe how this will affect power losses due to
magnetic hysteresis and eddy current heating.
The following questions are about power transmission and the power grid.
56.Outline the reasons for power losses in transmission lines.
57.Outline the reasons for power losses in real transformers. Which is more
significant?
58.Explain the use of high-voltage step-up and step-down transformers in the
transmission of electrical power.

59.A power plant produces a 60 Hz alternating voltage having Vrms = 400 V. A stepup transformer is needed to raise the plants voltage to 765 kV. Find the ratio of
Ns / Np needed in the transformer.
60.A step down transformer is needed to reduce a 765 kV transmission voltage to
13 kV at a factory. Find the ratio of Ns / Np needed in the transformer.
A power transmission cable having a diameter of 8.0 cm is made of aluminum
which has a resistivity of 5.210 -8 m.
61.Find the cross-sectional area of the cable in m 2.
62.Find the resistance of this cable if it provides electricity to a township 125 km
away from a power plant.
63.Suppose this cable is used to supply a township with 220 MW of energy at a
transmission voltage of 765 kV. What is its current? What is its heat loss. What
percentage of the overall energy transmission is this?

A circuit that consists of four diodes and a resistor is

shown.
64.What is this circuit called? What does it do?
65.Label the top AC power supply terminal with a (+), and
with a red pencil trace the positive current through the
circuit all the way to the load resistor and the correct
DC output terminal.
66.Label the bottom AC power supply terminal with a (), and with a green pencil
trace the negative current through the circuit all the way to the load resistor and
the correct DC output terminal.
67.If the AC power supply now reverses its polarity, determine which output
terminal is (+) and which is ().
68.If the input voltage is a sine wave, sketch the input and output voltage for one
cycle.
69.What electrical component could you add to the circuit to keep the voltage more
stable?

Topic 11.3 Capacitance

The following two questions are about the definition of capacitance.
70.What is the definition of capacitance and what is its unit of measure?
71.A 1.50-V cell is used to fully charge a 425 F capacitor. How much charge was
transferred from the negative to the positive plate?
Three 425 F capacitors are connected in parallel to a 6.00 V battery.
72.What is the equivalent capacitance?
73.What is the charge on each capacitor?
74.What is the voltage on each capacitor?
Three 425 F capacitors are connected in series to a 6.00 V battery.
75.What is the equivalent capacitance?
76.What is the charge on each capacitor?
77.What is the voltage on each capacitor?
Three 425 F capacitors are connected
combination shown to a 6.00 V battery.
78.What is the equivalent capacitance?

in

the

79.What is the charge on each capacitor?

80.What is the voltage on each capacitor?
The following questions are about parallel plate capacitors.
81.Describe three ways you can increase the capacity of a parallel plate capacitor.
82.Explain the function of the dielectric in a parallel plate capacitor. How does it
increase the capacity?

A 425 F capacitor will be manufactured using a dielectric having a permittivity of

5.250 and circular plates having a diameter of 1.75 cm.
83.What should the plate separation (and the thickness of the dielectric) be?
84.Is it likely that this large a capacity could be constructed using parallel plate
architecture? ___ Why?
85.What type of capacitor would be capable of providing this capacity?
The following questions are about the electrical energy stored in a capacitor.
86.Provide a proof that the energy stored in a capacitor is given by E = (1/2)qV.
Hint: Use W = area under the V vs. q graph, and that C = q / V.
87.Provide a proof that the energy stored in a capacitor is given by E = (1/2)CV2.
88.Find the energy stored in a 425 F capacitor charged up to 6.00 V.
89.Provide a proof that the energy stored in a capacitor is given by E = q2/ (2C).
C1 is initially charged to 6.00 V. C2 is initially uncharged.
90.What is the charge on C1s plates?
91.The switch is closed, connecting C1 to C2. What are the
charges on the plates of C1 and C2?

A capacitor having no dielectric has a capacitance

of 150. pF. It is charged up to 6.00 V by
momentarily attaching it to a battery, and then
disconnecting it.
92.What is the energy stored in the capacitor at
this voltage?
93.What is the charge on the capacitor?
94.A dielectric having a dielectric constant of
4.25 (this means a permittivity of 4.250) is now

carefully inserted between the plates of the capacitor. What is its new
capacitance?
95.What is the charge on the new capacitor? What is the voltage on the new
capacitor?
96.What is the energy stored in the new capacitor? Explain the discrepancy
between this answer and that of the same capacitor without the dielectric.

The following questions are about a charging RC circuit.

The capacitor is initially uncharged.
97.Make a sketch graph showing the family of curves
representing the voltage across the resistor after the
switch is closed and as RC increases. Show at least
three different RC curves, and label them low,
medium, and high.
98.Make a sketch graph showing the family of curves
representing the voltage across the capacitor after the switch is closed and as
RC increases. Show at least three different RC curves, and label them low,
medium, and high.
A circuit constructed of a resistor R and a capacitor C
has a switch which can be made to charge and
discharge the capacitor.
99.Label the switch position which charges the
capacitor with an A at the small circle in the
schematic.
100. Label the switch position which discharges the
capacitor with a B at the small circle in the
schematic.
101. Draw arrows in the discharge loop showing the
direction of current flow during discharge.
102. What equation does Kirchhoffs rule for V produce during discharge? Your final
equation should have only these variables: q, q, t, R and C.
103. Show that the time constant = RC has the reduced unit seconds.

A 425 F capacitor is charged to 6.00 V. It is then discharged through a 20.0 M

resistor.
104. Find the time constant.
105. Find the initial charge on the plates.
106. Find the charge on the plates exactly one time constant after discharge has
begun.
107. What percent of the original charge is this?
108. Find the capacitors voltage 4250 s after discharge begins.
109. Find the instantaneous current at t = 4250 s.
110. Find the half-life of the capacitors voltage.
A timer using a capacitor and a resistor needs the RC circuit to have a half-life of
275 seconds. It will be using a capacitor of 125 F, initially charged to a voltage of
6.00 V.
111. What should the value of the time constant be?
112. What value should the resistor have?
113. What will the capacitor voltage be at t = 275 s?