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Unit 1 - Css

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to define styles for HTML elements. There are three ways to insert CSS - external style sheets, internal style sheets, and inline styles. External style sheets define styles in separate CSS files, internal style sheets use the <style> tag in the HTML <head> section, and inline styles use the style attribute within elements. CSS selectors like id and class allow styling of specific elements.

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443 views

Unit 1 - Css

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to define styles for HTML elements. There are three ways to insert CSS - external style sheets, internal style sheets, and inline styles. External style sheets define styles in separate CSS files, internal style sheets use the <style> tag in the HTML <head> section, and inline styles use the style attribute within elements. CSS selectors like id and class allow styling of specific elements.

Uploaded by

niranjani0408
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cascading Style Sheets

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets Styles define how to display HTML elements Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem External Style Sheets can save a lot of work External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

CSS Syntax
A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations

The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style. Each declaration consists of a property and a value. The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value.

CSS Example
A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets: To make the CSS more readable, you can put one declaration on each line, like this:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style> p { color:red; text-align:center; } </style> </head> <body> <p>Hello World!</p> <p>This paragraph is styled with CSS.</p> </body> </html>

CSS Id and Class


The id and class Selectors: In addition to setting a style for a HTML element, CSS allows you to specify your own selectors called "id" and "class".
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style> #para1 { text-align:center; color:red; } </style> </head> <body> <p id="para1">Hello World!</p> <p>This paragraph is not affected by the style.</p> </body> </html>

The id Selector The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique element. The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element, and is defined with a "#". The style rule below will be applied to the element with id="para1":

The class Selector


The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class selector is most often used on several elements. This allows you to set a particular style for many HTML elements with the same class. The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is defined with a "." In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style> .center { text-align:center; } </style> </head> <body> <h1 class="center">Center-aligned heading</h1> <p class="center">Center-aligned paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

Three Ways to Insert CSS


There are three ways of inserting a style sheet: External style sheet Internal style sheet((in the head section)) Inline style (inside an HTML element) External Style Sheet: An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section:
<head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"> </head>

An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain any html tags. Your style sheet should be saved with a .css extension. Do not add a space between the property value and the unit (such as margin-left:20 px). The correct way is: margin-left:20px

hr {color:sienna;} p {margin-left:20px;} body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}

External (link to a style sheet)


Default.html <html> <head> <title>My document</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" /> </head> <body> <h1>My first stylesheet</h1> </body> </html> Style.css body { background-color: #FF0000; }

Internal Style Sheet


An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:
<head> <style> h1 {color:sienna;} p {margin-left:20px;} body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");} </style> </head>

Inline Styles
An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with presentation. To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph:

<p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">This is a paragraph.</p>

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