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Getting Started With Matlab: Cs534 Ta: Matt Mcdaniel Alrecenk@Cs - Wisc.Edu Sep 17, 2012 - Fall 2011

This document provides an introduction and overview of MATLAB for image processing. It outlines the basics of MATLAB including matrices, variables, functions, control flow, and debugging. It then covers image representation in MATLAB, importing/exporting images, and basic image processing functions such as display, conversion, and operations. Examples are provided for working with images including creating an AVI movie, image blending, Sobel edge detection, and using imfilter to avoid loops. Performance issues are discussed around vectorizing code for speed.

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carlosbuitron
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45 views

Getting Started With Matlab: Cs534 Ta: Matt Mcdaniel Alrecenk@Cs - Wisc.Edu Sep 17, 2012 - Fall 2011

This document provides an introduction and overview of MATLAB for image processing. It outlines the basics of MATLAB including matrices, variables, functions, control flow, and debugging. It then covers image representation in MATLAB, importing/exporting images, and basic image processing functions such as display, conversion, and operations. Examples are provided for working with images including creating an AVI movie, image blending, Sobel edge detection, and using imfilter to avoid loops. Performance issues are discussed around vectorizing code for speed.

Uploaded by

carlosbuitron
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 46

Getting Started with MATLAB

CS534 TA: Matt McDaniel alrecenk@cs.wisc.edu Sep 17th, 2012


Slides by Chunhui Zhu Fall 2011 Thanks to the help from Tuo Wang and Prof. Dyer in making these slides.

Outline
Introduction to MATLAB
Basics & Examples

Image Processing with MATLAB


Basics & Examples

What is MATLAB?
MATLAB = Matrix Laboratory MATLAB is an interactive, matrix-based system for scientific and engineering numeric computation and visualization. You can solve complex numerical problems in a fraction of the time required with a programming Language such as Fortran or C. ---- Matlab Primer

MATLAB vs. JAVA&C++


Task: compute the eigenvectors and eigenvalues for matrix A JAVA/C++: OK, let me first define a matrix struct or class, then look up the eigenvalue definition in linear algebra book, figure out the solution, write the code and debugHopefully, get the right answer MATLAB: One command line. MATLAB: quick implementation of your idea JAVA&C++: for development

The MATLAB Environment

MATLAB Help

MATLAB Help (cont.)

Search by keywords

Type in command window: help functionname(eg. help sqrt)

Entering Matrices
By an explicit list of elements
A=[1,2,3; 4 5 6; 7 8, 9];

By built-in statements and functions:


Evenly distributed vector: 0:0.5:2 generates[0,0.5,1.5,2] zeros(n,m), ones(n,m), eye(n,m), rand(), randn(),repmat()

Load from external data files or applications

Basic Operations on Matrices


All operators in MATLAB are defined on matrices: +, -, *, /, ^, sqrt, sin, cos, etc. Element-wise operators defined with a preceding dot: .*, ./, .^

Be sure about whether you are using matrix operators or element-wise operators!

Logical Operators
==, <, >, (not equal) ~=, (not) ~ find(condition) Returns indexes of As elements that satisfy the condition

Logical Operators (cont.)


Example: >>A=[7 3 5; 6 2 1], [r,c] = find(A <
4) A=
7 3 5 6 2 1

r =

1 2 2

c = 2 2 3

Some Built-in Matrix Funcs


[eigVec,eigVal]=eig(A), eigenvectors and eigenvalues for matrix A inv(A),inverse of matrix A det(A),determinant of matrix A rank(A),the rank of matrix A size(A,1),number of rows of Matrix A; size(A,2), number of columns

Variable Name in Matlab


Variable naming rules
- must be unique in the first 63 characters

- must begin with a letter


- may not contain blank spaces or other types of punctuation - may contain any combination of letters, digits, and underscores - are case-sensitive - should not use Matlab keywords

Pre-defined variable names pi

Scripts and Functions


There are two kinds of M-files(.m):
-Scripts, which do not accept input arguments or return output arguments. They operate on data in the workspace. Equivalent to typing into the command window. -Functions, which can accept input arguments and return output arguments. Internal variables are local to the function.

Functions in MATLAB (cont.)


Example: A file called stat.m: function [mean, stdev]=stat(x) %STAT Interesting statistics. n=length(x); mean=sum(x)/n; stdev=sqrt(sum((x-mean).^2)/n); Defines a new function called stat that calculates the mean and standard deviation of a vector. Function name and file name should be the SAME!

CODE

Suggested Project Organization


A script file + Several self-defined function files Script file acting like a main.cpp in C++, it calls the self-defined functions or built-in system functions. Self-defined function files implement details of algorithms. DEMO

Flow Control
MATLAB has five flow control constructs:
if statement switch statement for loop while loop break statement

if
IF statement condition
The general form of the IF statement is
IF expression
statements

ELSEIF expression
statements

ELSE
statements

END

CODE

switch
SWITCH Switch among several cases based on expression The general form of SWITCH statement is:
SWITCH switch_expr
CASE case_expr,
statement, , statement

CASE {case_expr1, case_expr2, case_expr3, }


statement, , statement

OTHERWISE
statement, , statement

END

switch (cont.)
Note:
Only the statements between the matching CASE and the next CASE, OTHERWISE, or END are executed Unlike C, the SWITCH statement does not fall through (so BREAKs are unnecessary)

CODE

for
FOR repeats statements a specific number of times The general form of a FOR statement is:
FOR variable=expr
statements

END

CODE

while
WHILE repeats statements an indefinite number of times The general form of a WHILE statement is:
WHILE expression
statements

END

CODE

It seems like I can use these loops as I do in C/C++/Java


Try to AVOID THIS!

Time Cost Comparison


Loop vs. No Loop
A = rand(1000,1000);B = rand(1000,1000); for i = 1:size(A,1), for j = 1:size(A,2), C(i,j) = A(i,j) + B(i,j); end end Using loop: Elapsed time is 1.125289 seconds.

Time Cost Comparison(cont.)


Loop vs. no loop

C=A+B

Elapsed time is 0.002346 seconds.

Visualization and Graphics


plot(x,y),plot(x,sin(x)) plot 1D function figure, figure(k) open a new figure hold on, hold off refreshing axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]) change axes title(figure titile) add title to figure mesh(x_ax,y_ax,z_mat) view surface contour(z_mat) view z as topo map subplot(3,1,2) locate several plots in figure

- CODE and Debug CODE

Saving your Work


save mysession % creates mysession.mat with all variables save mysession a b % save only variables a and b clear all

% clear all variables clear a b


% clear variables a and b load mysession % load session

Debug Techniques
Debug is essential. Easy and flexible access during debug. DEMO

Outline
Introduction to MATLAB
Basics & Examples

Image Processing with MATLAB


Basics & Examples

What is the Image Processing Toolbox?


The Image Processing Toolbox is a collection of functions that extend the capabilities of the MATLABs numeric computing environment. The toolbox supports a wide range of image processing operations, including:
Geometric operations Neighborhood and block operations Linear filtering and filter design Transforms Image analysis and enhancement Binary image operations Region of interest operations

Images in MATLAB
MATLAB can import/export several image formats:
BMP (Microsoft Windows Bitmap) GIF (Graphics Interchange Files) HDF (Hierarchical Data Format) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) PCX (Paintbrush) PNG (Portable Network Graphics) TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) XWD (X Window Dump) raw-data and other types of image data

Data types in MATLAB


Double (64-bit double-precision floating point) Single (32-bit single-precision floating point) Int32 (32-bit signed integer) Int16 (16-bit signed integer) Int8 (8-bit signed integer) Uint32 (32-bit unsigned integer) Uint16 (16-bit unsigned integer) Uint8 (8-bit unsigned integer)

Images in MATLAB
Binary images : {0,1} Intensity images : [0,1] or uint8, double etc.
RGB images : m n 3 Multidimensional images: m n p (p is the number of layers)

Image Import and Export


Read and write images in Matlab img = imread('apple.jpg'); dim = size(img); figure; imshow(img); imwrite(img, 'output.bmp', 'bmp');
Alternatives to imshow imagesc(I) imtool(I) image(I)

Images and Matrices


How to build a matrix (or image)? Intensity Image:
Row 1 to 256 o Column 1 to 256 [256, 256] [0, 0] o

row = 256; col = 256; img = zeros(row, col); img(100:105, :) = 0.5; img(:, 100:105) = 1; figure; imshow(img);

Images and Matrices


Binary Image:
row = 256; col = 256; img = rand(row, col); img = round(img); figure; imshow(img);

Image Display
image - create and display image object imagesc - scale and display as image imshow - display image colorbar - display colorbar getimage - get image data from axes truesize - adjust display size of image zoom - zoom in and zoom out of 2D plot

Image Conversion
gray2ind - intensity image to index image im2bw - image to binary im2double - image to double precision im2uint8 - image to 8-bit unsigned integers im2uint16 - image to 16-bit unsigned integers ind2gray - indexed image to intensity image mat2gray - matrix to intensity image rgb2gray - RGB image to grayscale rgb2ind - RGB image to indexed image

Image Operations
RGB image to gray image Image resize Image crop Image rotate Image histogram Image histogram equalization Image DCT/IDCT Convolution

- CODE

Outline
Introduction to MATLAB
Basics & Examples

Image Processing with MATLAB


Basics & Examples

Examples working with Images (1/3)


Create AVI movie with a series of images & Read specific frame from video file

Related funcs: avifile, addframe, mmreader DEMO

Examples working with Images (2/3)


Simplified version of image blending: Each pixel in the apple-orange is: w(i, j) * Apple(i, j) + (1-w(i, j)) * Orange(i, j)

Examples working with Images (3/3)


Sobel edge detection on image

Examples working with Images (3/3)(cont.)


The use of imfilter function: A great assistant to avoid loop in Matlab image processing

Examples working with Images (3/3) (cont.)

y = imfilter(x,h) DEMO

Performance Issues
The idea: MATLAB is
very fast on vector and matrix operations Correspondingly slow with loops

Try to avoid loops Try to vectorize your code


http://www.mathworks.com/support/technotes/1100/1109.html

THE END
Thanks for your attention! Questions?

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