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    Geomorphic Process

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    Fikri Azy
    The document discusses geomorphic processes that shape the Earth's surface. It describes endogenous processes like volcanism and tectonics that create landforms, and exogenous or gradational processes like weathering, mass wasting, erosion, transportation, and deposition that modify landforms over time. These exogenous processes are driven by agents like water, ice, wind, and humans. Weathering breaks down rock through physical, chemical, and biological means. Erosion then transports material, which is eventually deposited through processes like fluvial, eolian, and glacial deposition. Together these endogenous and exogenous processes are responsible for sculpting the Earth's diverse array of landforms.

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    Geomorphic Process

    Uploaded by

    Fikri Azy
    271 views17 pages
    The document discusses geomorphic processes that shape the Earth's surface. It describes endogenous processes like volcanism and tectonics that create landforms, and exogenous or gradational processes like weathering, mass wasting, erosion, transportation, and deposition that modify landforms over time. These exogenous processes are driven by agents like water, ice, wind, and humans. Weathering breaks down rock through physical, chemical, and biological means. Erosion then transports material, which is eventually deposited through processes like fluvial, eolian, and glacial deposition. Together these endogenous and exogenous processes are responsible for sculpting the Earth's diverse array of landforms.

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    The document discusses geomorphic processes that shape the Earth's surface. It describes endogenous processes like volcanism and tectonics that create landforms, and exogenous or gradational processes like weathering, mass wasting, erosion, transportation, and deposition that modify landforms over time. These exogenous processes are driven by agents like water, ice, wind, and humans. Weathering breaks down rock through physical, chemical, and biological means. Erosion then transports material, which is eventually deposited through processes like fluvial, eolian, and glacial deposition. Together these endogenous and exogenous processes are responsible for sculpting the Earth's diverse array of landforms.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    271 views17 pages

    Geomorphic Process

    Uploaded by

    Fikri Azy
    The document discusses geomorphic processes that shape the Earth's surface. It describes endogenous processes like volcanism and tectonics that create landforms, and exogenous or gradational processes like weathering, mass wasting, erosion, transportation, and deposition that modify landforms over time. These exogenous processes are driven by agents like water, ice, wind, and humans. Weathering breaks down rock through physical, chemical, and biological means. Erosion then transports material, which is eventually deposited through processes like fluvial, eolian, and glacial deposition. Together these endogenous and exogenous processes are responsible for sculpting the Earth's diverse array of landforms.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Geomorphic Processes:

    By Nur Ryshalti Pratama

    Geomorphic Processes:
    Physical processes which create and modify landforms on the surface of the earth Endogenous (Endogenic) vs.Exogenous (Exogenic) Processes Rock Cycle

    A. Endogenous Processes
    Endogenous Processes are large-scale landform building and transforming processes they create relief. 1. Igneous Processes
    a. Volcanism: Volcanic eruptions Volcanoes b. Plutonism: Igneous intrusions 2. Tectonic Processes (Also called Diastrophism) a. Folding: anticlines, synclines, mountains b. Faulting: rift valleys, graben, escarpments c. Lateral Faulting: strike-slip faults Earthquakes evidence of present-day tectonic activity

    B. Exogenous Processes
    Also called Gradational Processes, they comprise degradation and aggradation they modify relief

    a continuum of processes Weathering Mass Wasting Erosion Transportation Deposition


    these processes are carried through by Geomorphic Agents: gravity, flowing water (rivers), moving ice (glaciers), waves and tides (oceans and lakes), wind, plants, organisms, animals and humans

    1. Degradation Processes Also called Denudation Processes a. Weathering , b. Mass Wasting and c. Erosion and Transportation 2. Aggradation Processes a. Deposition fluvial, eolian, glacial, coastal

    Relationship: Weathering Mass Wasting Erosion


    and Transportation

    Together, these processes are responsible for

    Denudation
    of Earths surface

    WEATHERING
    Weathering is disintegration and decomposition of rocks in situ no transportation involved produces regolith More precisely, it involves the mechanical or physical disintegration and/or chemical decomposition that fragments rock masses into smaller components that amass on-site, before being moved by gravity or transported by other agents The processes begin in microscopic spaces, cracks, joints, faults, fractures, lava vesicles and other rock cavities

    Types of Weathering: 1) Physical or Mechanical Weathering,


    2) Chemical Weathering, and 3) Biological Weathering

    Physical or Mechanical Weathering

    Disintegration and decay of rocks via weather elements: high temperatures, extreme cold and freeze-thaw cycles No change in chemical composition of rocks Exfoliation due to thermal expansion/contraction and/or release of
    pressure when buried rocks are uplifted and exposed
    e.g., Exfoliation Dome (Stone Mountain, GA) and Exfoliation Sheets (Sierra Nevada)

    Frost Wedging

    Salt Wedging

    Chemical Weathering

    decomposes rocks through a chemical change in its minerals Oxidation important in iron-rich rocks reddish coloration like rust Hydrolysis igneous rocks have much silica which readily combines with water Carbonation and Solution carbon dioxide dissolved in water reacts with carbonate rocks to create a soluble product (calcium bicarbonate)

    Biological Weathering
    plants and animals contribute to weathering. Roots physically break or wedge rock Lichens (algae and fungi living as single unit), remove minerals and weaken rock by releasing acids Burrowing animals can increase weathering.

    Lichens

    Talus Cones in the Canadian Rockies


    Talus pieces of rock at bottom of a rock fall

    Landslides Can cause much destruction

    A msssive 300-ton boulder blocks a road in Southern California

    La Conchita Landslide, January 10, 2005

    Monterey Park Debris Flow, 1980

    PCH near Pacific Palisades, November 1956

    EROSION and TRANSPORTATION


    Various Geomorphic Agents, associated Processes, and resulting Erosional Features
    Flowing Water Fluvial Morphology Humid regions: Perennial streams and entrenched channels, rapids, waterfalls, plunge pools, potholes, meandering streams, bank erosion, oxbow lakes, etc.

    Wind Eolian Landscapes deflation hollows, ventifacts, yardang, etc


    Tides and Waves Coastal Morphology Sea cliffs, sea caves, sea arches, sea stacks, wave-cut beaches, etc.. Moving Ice Glacial Morphology glacial troughs (U-shaped valleys), hanging valleys, glacial lakes,.

    DEPOSITION
    Various geomorphic agents, associated processes and resulting Depositional Features
    Fluvial Humid regions: Braided streams, sand bars, floodplains (alluvium deposits), natural levees, distributaries, deltas Arid regions: Alluvial fans, bajadas, piedmont alluvial plains, playas, playa lakes, Salinas (salt flats) Eolian Sand dunes (Barchans, Parabolic, Transverse, Longitudinal, Star), and sand sheets Coastal Sea beaches and coral reefs Glacial Alpine: Glacial drifts, tills, moraines (lateral, medial, end,
    terminal, recessional, and ground)

    Continental: Till plains, outwash plains, drumlins, eskers, kames, erratic

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