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    Nucleic Acids - A Basic Overview

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    Sabs
    Here is a two column table summarizing the key differences between DNA and RNA: DNA | RNA -|- Located in the nucleus | Can be located in the nucleus or cytoplasm Double-stranded helix structure | Single-stranded Contains deoxyribose sugar | Contains ribose sugar Contains thymine base | Contains uracil base instead of thymine Permanently present in cells | Temporarily present in cells Stores and transmits genetic information | Acts as messenger to make proteins from DNA instructions

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    Nucleic Acids - A Basic Overview

    Uploaded by

    Sabs
    360 views13 pages
    Here is a two column table summarizing the key differences between DNA and RNA: DNA | RNA -|- Located in the nucleus | Can be located in the nucleus or cytoplasm Double-stranded helix structure | Single-stranded Contains deoxyribose sugar | Contains ribose sugar Contains thymine base | Contains uracil base instead of thymine Permanently present in cells | Temporarily present in cells Stores and transmits genetic information | Acts as messenger to make proteins from DNA instructions

    Original Description:

    A quick revision for school/undergraduate students/ A levels with diagrams.

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    Here is a two column table summarizing the key differences between DNA and RNA: DNA | RNA -|- Located in the nucleus | Can be located in the nucleus or cytoplasm Double-stranded helix structure | Single-stranded Contains deoxyribose sugar | Contains ribose sugar Contains thymine base | Contains uracil base instead of thymine Permanently present in cells | Temporarily present in cells Stores and transmits genetic information | Acts as messenger to make proteins from DNA instructions

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    360 views13 pages

    Nucleic Acids - A Basic Overview

    Uploaded by

    Sabs
    Here is a two column table summarizing the key differences between DNA and RNA: DNA | RNA -|- Located in the nucleus | Can be located in the nucleus or cytoplasm Double-stranded helix structure | Single-stranded Contains deoxyribose sugar | Contains ribose sugar Contains thymine base | Contains uracil base instead of thymine Permanently present in cells | Temporarily present in cells Stores and transmits genetic information | Acts as messenger to make proteins from DNA instructions

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Nucleic acids

    Nucleic acids allow organisms to transfer


    genetic information from one generation to
    the next.
    There are two types of nucleic acids:
    Deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA
    and Ribonucleic acid, known as RNA.
    Nucleic acids- where are they?
     The nucleic acids are found in each and
    every cell of the body.
     The DNA is found in the nucleus whereas the
    RNA is formed in the nucleus and found in
    the cytoplasm.
     The DNA is located only in the nucleus.
    Nucleic acids: What do they
    do?
     DNA in the nucleus is the control centre of
    the cell. All cellular activities are controlled by
    DNA.
     The DNA is also responsible for passing the
    information from the parents to off springs.
     The RNA is mainly involved in protein
    synthesis in a cell.
    Structure of DNA
    The structure of DNA
    molecule is made of:
     Two long chains made of chemical
    compounds called nucleotides and is called
    the DNA double helix.( also called the
    Watson – Crick model)
     They are twisted against each other along a
    central axis.
     Each nucleotide is made of a sugar,
    phosphate molecule and nitrogenous base.
     It is permanently present in the cell.
    Structure of the DNA-
    continued
     Each nucleotide of a polynucleotide contains three
    parts:
     a. Phosphate group: This has the same structure in
    all the nucleotides.
     b. Pentose sugar: This sugar is made of 5 carbon
    atoms. Two types occur, ribose and deoxyribose.
    Ribose sugar is found in RNA and Deoxyribose
    sugar is found in DNA. The difference in the two
    sugars is- an oxygen atom is missing at the 2nd
    carbon atom of the ribose sugar in DNA. Hence it
    gets it s name - Deoxyribose.
    Structure of the DNA-
    continued
     c.Nitrogenous base: There are five different
    bases which are divided into two groups.
     i) Pyrimidines: These are single rings each
    with six sides. They are Cytosine, Thymine
    and Uracil.
     ii) Purines: These are double rings
    comprising a six-sided and a five-sided ring.
    They are Adenine and Guanine.
    Structure of the DNA-
    continued
    1. Adenine always pairs with Thymine, with the help
    of two hydrogen bonds and Guanine always pairs
    with Cytosine with the help of three hydrogen
    bonds. This makes the two chains complimentary
    to each other.
    2. There are 10 basepairs per turn of the helix.
    3. The two chains and the nucleotides are nothing
    but a ladder like structure that is coiled upon itself.
    4. The two chains run in the opposite directions.
    Nucleic acids- RNA
     There are three types of RNA in a cell
     They are ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger
    RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA ( tRNA).
     Their main function is to make proteins after
    taking instructions from the DNA.
     They are temporarily present in the cell.

     There are 20 different tRNAs, for the different


    aminoacids.
    Structure of Transfer RNA
    structure of RNA - continued
     Messenger RNA is a single long chain of
    nucleotides
     Ribosomal RNA has two units, one large and
    the other small.
    Ribosomal RNA
    Large subunit
    (rRNA)

    Small subunit
    Nucleic acids

     List the differences between DNA and RNA.


     The answer should be in two columns,
    including location, structural and functional
    differences.

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