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    Cell Structure and Function

    Uploaded by

    AhkyluzLaniaz
    This document summarizes key differences between plant and animal cells. It notes that both cell types contain organelles like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and ribosomes that allow the cell to function. However, plant cells also contain chloroplasts and a cell wall, and have a fixed shape. Animal cells lack chloroplasts and a cell wall. The document also discusses the functions of various cell organelles and how their density can vary between cell types depending on the cell's function.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cell Structure and Function

    Uploaded by

    AhkyluzLaniaz
    79 views41 pages
    This document summarizes key differences between plant and animal cells. It notes that both cell types contain organelles like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and ribosomes that allow the cell to function. However, plant cells also contain chloroplasts and a cell wall, and have a fixed shape. Animal cells lack chloroplasts and a cell wall. The document also discusses the functions of various cell organelles and how their density can vary between cell types depending on the cell's function.

    Original Description:

    bio form 4 chapter 1

    Original Title

    1 Cell Structure

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document summarizes key differences between plant and animal cells. It notes that both cell types contain organelles like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and ribosomes that allow the cell to function. However, plant cells also contain chloroplasts and a cell wall, and have a fixed shape. Animal cells lack chloroplasts and a cell wall. The document also discusses the functions of various cell organelles and how their density can vary between cell types depending on the cell's function.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    79 views41 pages

    Cell Structure and Function

    Uploaded by

    AhkyluzLaniaz
    This document summarizes key differences between plant and animal cells. It notes that both cell types contain organelles like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and ribosomes that allow the cell to function. However, plant cells also contain chloroplasts and a cell wall, and have a fixed shape. Animal cells lack chloroplasts and a cell wall. The document also discusses the functions of various cell organelles and how their density can vary between cell types depending on the cell's function.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 41
    At a glance
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    The basic units that make up living things are cells. Cells vary in shape, size and content depending on their function.

    All living things are made up of basic units called cells.

    Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole. Animal cells do not have these structures.

    Cell Structure and Function

    All living things are made up of basic units called cells. Cells vary in shape, sizes and content depending on their function. A light microscope is usually used to help us observe microscopic cells.

    The living component of a cell is called protoplasm. Protoplasm = cytoplasm + nucleus Protoplasm surrounded by plasma membrane. Plant cells have an outer boundary called the cell wall.

    Animal cell

    Plant cell

    Cell Parts and Structures


    With electron microscopes, scientists are able to see the cellular components of a cell in greater detail.

    The cytoplasm contains structures called organelles.

    Organelles perform specific function cell to function as a unit of life.

    hich enable the

    Animal cell

    Plant cell

    Controls cellular activities. !ucleus membrane controls inflo and outflo of material to and from nucleus !ucleolus acts as site of ribosome construction. Chromosome carries hereditary information.

    Acts as a medium where biochemical reactions and most living processes occur within the cell. Provides the organelles ith substances obtained from e"ternal environment.

    #eparates the content of the cell from its e"ternal environment. Regulates the movement of substances entering and leaving the cell. Allo s the e"change of nutrients, respiratory gases and astes products bet een the cell and its environment.

    Chlorophyll captures the energy of sunlight and converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis. The green pigment of chlorophyll gives plants their colour.

    #tores chemicals such as organic acids, sugar, amino acids, mineral salts, oxygen, carbon dioxide and so on. $egulates ater balance in plant cells.

    %aintains the shape of plant cells. Provides mechanical strength and support to plant cells. Protects plants cells from rupturing due to the movement of e"cess ater into the cells.

    &orms a net or' of transportation ithin the cell.

    Rough endoplasmic reticulum (has ribosomes attached to its surface) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (does not have ribosome attach to its surface)

    Transports protein hich is synthesized in ribosomes. Transports and synthesized fat and glyserol

    #ite of proteins synthesis. They are either bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or lie free in the cytoplasm.

    The sites of cellular respiration. Principle site of energy production. *nergy generated or released in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate !

    &unctions as a processing" pac#aging and transport centre of carbohydrates, proteins and glycoproteins. These materials ill be membrane+bound and secrete through vesicles.

    -ysosomes
    As a digestive compartments. ,n certain unicellular organisms, lysosomes fuse ith food vacuoles and dispense their enzymes into these vacuoles to digest the contents of the vacuoles

    Comparison of an Animal Cell & a Plant Cell

    Animal Cell
    Similarities

    Plant Cell

    Both has nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, ribosome, cell membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic recticulum and Golgi apparatus

    Animal Cell
    .o not have fi"ed shape .o not have cell alls .o not have vacuoles. ,f present, vacuoles are usually small and numerous

    $ifferences #hape Cell alls 0acuoles Chloroplasts centrioles &ood storage

    Plant Cell
    /ave a fi"ed shape /ave cell alls

    /ave a large central vacuole All green plants have chloroplast hich contain chlorophyll .o not have centrioles Carbohydrate is stored in the form of starch

    .o not have chloroplasts /ave centrioles Carbohydrate is stored in the form of glycogen

    The Density of Organelles in Spesific Cells

    The number of organelles in each cell varies according to type of organism and nature of the cell. &or e"ample, more active cells ill possess more mitochondria than less active cells. Abundant chloroplasts are found in the palisade mesophyll cells than other parts of the leaves.

    #perm cells

    $e1uire energy to propel through the uterus to ards the &allopian tubes, so that fertilisation can ta'e place.

    /igh density of 222222

    %uscle cells
    Contract and rela" to enable movement and flight

    h g i /

    n e d

    f o y t i s

    2 2 2

    2 2 2

    Cells in meristems
    $e1uire large amounts of energy during active cell division to produce ne cells

    /igh density of 222222

    %esophyll palisade cells

    Absorb sunlight during photosynthesis

    /igh density of 222222

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