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    Distributed Systems: Topics

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    mldc2011
    This document discusses distributed systems. It defines a distributed system as a collection of autonomous computing components connected over a network that coordinate activities to be perceived as a single integrated system by users. Distributed systems provide benefits like scalability, fault tolerance, and the ability to solve larger problems, while introducing complexity from their distributed nature. Examples of distributed systems include video on demand services and the IT architecture of a bank. The document also covers transparency in distributed systems.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Distributed Systems: Topics

    Uploaded by

    mldc2011
    116 views16 pages
    This document discusses distributed systems. It defines a distributed system as a collection of autonomous computing components connected over a network that coordinate activities to be perceived as a single integrated system by users. Distributed systems provide benefits like scalability, fault tolerance, and the ability to solve larger problems, while introducing complexity from their distributed nature. Examples of distributed systems include video on demand services and the IT architecture of a bank. The document also covers transparency in distributed systems.

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    Distributed Computing

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    This document discusses distributed systems. It defines a distributed system as a collection of autonomous computing components connected over a network that coordinate activities to be perceived as a single integrated system by users. Distributed systems provide benefits like scalability, fault tolerance, and the ability to solve larger problems, while introducing complexity from their distributed nature. Examples of distributed systems include video on demand services and the IT architecture of a bank. The document also covers transparency in distributed systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    116 views16 pages

    Distributed Systems: Topics

    Uploaded by

    mldc2011
    This document discusses distributed systems. It defines a distributed system as a collection of autonomous computing components connected over a network that coordinate activities to be perceived as a single integrated system by users. Distributed systems provide benefits like scalability, fault tolerance, and the ability to solve larger problems, while introducing complexity from their distributed nature. Examples of distributed systems include video on demand services and the IT architecture of a bank. The document also covers transparency in distributed systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Distributed Systems

    Topics
    What is a Distributed System? Why Distributed Systems? Examples of Distributed Systems Distributed System Requirements Transparency in Distributed Systems

    Distributed Systems

    Distributed Systems
    Can think of DS as:
    breaking down an application into individual computing agents distributed over a network work together on a cooperative task

    Motivation for DC:


    Scalability: can solve larger problems without larger computers Openness and heterogeneity: applications and data may be difficult to relocate and reconfigure Fault-tolerance: redundant processing agents for system availability

    Distributed Systems

    What Is a Distributed System?


    Ingredients of a Distributed System
    Component-1

    Component-n

    Component-1

    Component-m

    Network OS Hardware

    Network OS Hardware

    Host-1

    Host-n

    Component-1

    Component-n

    Middleware Network OS Hardware Host-1


    Distributed Systems

    What Is a Distributed System?

    Component-1

    Component-n

    Component-1

    Component-n

    Middleware Network OS Hardware Host-1 Component-1 Component-n

    Middleware Network OS Hardware Host-2

    Network
    Component-1

    Component-n

    Middleware Network OS Hardware Host-n

    Middleware Network OS Hardware Host-3

    Distributed Systems

    What is a Distributed System


    Distributed System Definition:
    A distributed system is a collection of autonomous hosts that are connected through a computer network. Each host executes components and operates a distribution middleware. Middleware enables the components to coordinate their activities. Users perceive the system as a single, integrated computing facility.

    Distributed Systems

    Why Distributed Systems?


    Every application is part of your business model
    must make them work together!

    Payables/ Receivables Sales Accounting

    Manufacturing

    Inventory Shipping/ Receiving Engineering


    Distributed Systems

    Why Distributed Systems?


    Application Integration and Distributed Processing are the same thing
    Constructing information-sharing distributed systems from diverse sources:
    heterogeneous networked physically disparate multi-vendor

    Distributed Systems

    Why Distributed System?


    Application Requirements
    Functional Non-Functional

    Non-functional requirements drive distribution of a system


    Scalability Concurrency Openness Heterogeneity Resource sharing Fault-tolerance

    Distributed Systems

    Centralized vs Distributed Systems


    Centralized Systems
    Centralized systems have non-autonomous components Centralized systems are often build using homogeneous technology Multiple users share the resources of a centralized system at all times Centralized systems have a single point of control and of failure

    Distributed Systems
    Distributed systems have autonomous components Distributed systems may be built using heterogeneous technology Distributed system components may be used exclusively Distributed systems are executed in concurrent processes Distributed systems have multiple points of failure

    Distributed Systems

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Distributed Systems


    Advantages
    Shareability Expandability Local autonomy Improved performance Improved reliability and availability Potential cost reductions

    Disadvantages
    Network reliance Complexities Security Multiple point of failure

    Distributed Systems

    10

    History Review of Distributed Systems


    Late 70s and early 80s: synchronous with distributed processing Mid 80s: no point of central control Late 80s: peer structure and inter-connection configuration Later: more fine-grained distribution
    Software is decomposed into components Components can resides on different computers and be implemented with different languages

    Distributed Systems

    11

    Examples of Distributed Systems


    Video-on-Demand
    Client components are used to display videos Clients are hosted in the homes of the customers of the service Server components load and transmit videos Multiple servers are needed in order to scale

    Distributed Systems

    12

    Examples of Distributed Systems


    IT Service Architecture of a Swiss Bank
    Service architecture consists of heterogeneous new and legacy components Hardware platforms range from mainframes to NTs Programming languages including Assembler, Cobol, C, C++, Java, Different types of middleware can be used to resolve distribution and heterogeneity

    Customer Information Services

    Authorization Services

    Trading Services ATM Services


    Distributed Systems

    13

    Transparency in Distributed Systems


    Distributed System Definition: A distributed system is a collection of autonomous hosts that are connected through a computer network and coordinate with each other in such a way that users perceive the system as a single and integrated computing facility. Dimensions of transparency in DS
    Access Transparency Location Transparency Migration Transparency Replication Transparency Concurrency Transparency Scalability Transparency Performance Transparency Failure Transparency

    Distributed Systems

    14

    Location Transparency

    Caller

    Machine 1

    local call Proxy

    Machine 2
    remote call
    Implementor

    Distributed Systems

    15

    Summary
    Distributed systems Centralized systems vs distributed systems The need for distributed systems --- applications non-functional requirements Transparencies Dependencies among different dimensions of transparencies

    Distributed Systems

    16

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