Multimedia Transport (Part 1) : Klara Nahrstedt Spring 2014

CS 414 Multimedia Systems Design
Lecture 18
Multimedia Transport (Part 1)
Klara Nahrstedt Spring 2014

CS 414 - Spring 2014
Administrative
HW1 on due March 3 @ 11:59pm Midterm March 7 in class
Covered Aspects of Multimedia

Image/Video Capture
Audio/Video Perception/ Playback Audio/Video Presentation Playback
Image/Video Information Representation
Transmission
Audio Capture Compression Processing
Transmission
Audio Information Representation
Media Server Storage
A/V Playback
Summary: Quality of Service

(Service Classes and Translation/Negotiation of Parameters)
Sender YouTube Server MM Application OS/DS/Network
Logical Negotiation of Network QoS Parameters Logical Negotiation of Application QoS Parameters
Receiver YouTube Client MM Application OS/DS/Network
Translation
Physical Transmission of Negotiation Parameters
Network AT&T
Overview - Multimedia Transport
Requirements of transport subsystems

User
requirements on Multimedia Transport Translation of user requirements into QoS

QoS requirements on multimedia transport
QoS and Resource Management

Connection
Establishment Data Transmission over established connection
User Requirements on Transport Subsystems
High Data Throughput need to support application data with stream-like behavior and in real time Fast data forwarding the faster the transport system can move packets the fewer packets have to be buffered Service Guarantees need appropriate resource management
QoS Requirements on Transport Subsystems
Audio/video communication needs to be bounded by deadlines End-to-end jitter must be bounded End-to-end guarantees are required Synchronization mechanisms for different data streams are required Variable bit rate traffic support is required Services and protocols should make sure that no starvation occurs
Connection Establishment
QoS parameters:
End-to-end delay, jitter, throughput, packet loss rate Application/user defines QoS parameters (e.g., video stream parameters) QoS parameters are distributed and negotiated among participating parties QoS parameters are translated between different layers QoS parameters are mapped to resource requirements Required resources are admitted, reserved and allocated along the path between sender and receiver(s)
Establishment Protocol to establish Multimedia Call:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Negotiation and Translation
For negotiation of QoS we may use

Peer-to-peer
negotiation and triangular negotiation (if service provider allows for negotiation)
Translation between network and application QoS
Negotiation Protocol
(P2P Receiver-Initiated Negotiation Example1)
time
Setup Socket Communication
0 Wait
time
Requested Video rate (e.g.,20fps)
0
Setup Socket Communication Send User/Receiver requested QoS (video rate 20fps)
- Receive Requested rate -Check with Recorded rate -If requested > recorded Then decrease rate, else O.K. -Translate QoS param. -Perform Resource Admission/Reservation If admission O.K, else Decrease rate, redo Admission/reservation Wait - Send resulting rate
Wait
Resulting video rate (e.g.,10 fps)
-Receive resulting rate

-Translate QoS param. -Perform admission, If admission O.K, , then Reserve resources, else Decrease resulting rate - Send agreed/final rate
Final video rate (5 fps)
-Receive final rate - Adjust reservation -Start streaming
Streaming Data at final rate
Wait Receiver (Client)
Sender (Server)
(P2P Receiver-Initiated Negotiation Example2)
time
time
Wait - Receive Requested rate -Check with Recorded rate -If requested > recorded Then decrease rate, else O.K. -Translate QoS param. -Perform Resource Admission/Reservation If admission O.K, else Decrease rate, redo Admission/reservation -Send resulting rate -Start streaming
Requested Video rate (e.g.,20fps)
Wait
Resulting video rate (e.g.,10 fps)
-Get QoS (video rate) from user - Translate QoS - Perform admission, if admission O.K., then reserve local resources, else decrease requested rate, redo admission/reservation
-Receive resulting rate

Streaming Data at resulting rate -Translate QoS param. -Adjust reservation if needed - Start receiving steam
Sender (Server)
Receiver (Client)
(P2P Sender-Initiated Negotiation - Example)
time
Setup Socket Comm, get movie name -Get recorded rate as the requested rate from the recorded video file -Perform admission, if admission O.K, reserve resources, else decrease rate - Send requested QoS (video rate 20fps)
time
0
Setup Socket Communication (also send server requested video file/movie name)
Requested Video rate (e.g.,25ps)
Wait
-Receive requested
Wait
Final video rate (20 fps)
rate -Translate QoS param. -Perform admission, If admission O.K, , then Reserve resources, else Decrease rate - Send agreed/final rate
-Receive final rate - Adjust reservation -Start streaming
Streaming Data at final rate
Wait
Sender (Server)
Receiver (Client)
Example of Translation

Consider application QoS (frame size MA, frame rate RA) and network QoS (throughput BN, packet rate RN) Assume

MA = (320x240 pixels, 1 pixel = 8 bits), RA = 10 fps, packet size MN = 4KBytes BA = MA x RA = (320 x 240 x 8) x 10 = 6,144,000 bps
Application Throughput:
Packet rate: RN ( M A / M N ) R A = 190 packets per second Network Throughput:
BN = MN x RN = 6,225,920 bps
Bandwidth Admission Test
Consider
reserved bandwidth for the i connection Bmax maximal bandwidth at the network interface
bi
Admission test (if all connections declare their bandwidth requirements bi at the same time):
(i=1,n)
bi Bmax
Bandwidth Admission
Admission Test (if requests come in iterative fashion) : Consider
bandwidth already admitted, allocated i and promised to connection i req b bandwidth requested by connection j j alloc Bavail = Bmax - bi , where i j
b
(i=1,..n)
alloc
Admission Test:
b
req j
Bavail
Packet/Frame Scheduling Admission

At switches/routers/end systems we have queues Need packet scheduling decision to be made when admitting new streams of packets Need packet schedulability tests
Note
that in networking only NONPREEMPTIVE scheduling exists!!!

Packet Scheduling Admission
ei processing of a packet i in network node
Admission Test: ei deadline (within a switch) servei/ (1/r) 1

(i=1,,n)
serve packet service time at the processors constant time due to hardware implementation q_in and q_out are queuing times q = N/ (Little Theorem) r service rate of the switch
Resource Reservation/Allocation
Bandwidth reservation
Pessimistic
reservation with maximal bandwidth allocation: Given (MN, RA, and MA)
if
i M A maxi1,...n (M A )
then
BN M N (M A / M N ) RA
Pessimistic Resource Reservation (Example)
Example: Consider sequence of MPEG video frames of size 80KB, 60 KB, 20KB, 20 KB, 60KB, 20 KB, 20 KB (Group of Pictures I, P, B, B, P, B, B ), Pessimistic frame size calculation:
MA = max(80, 60, 20, 20, 60, 20, 20) = 80KB
Given video frame rate RA = 20 fps If Given MN = 10 KB (network packet size, e.g., packet size for the transport layer like TCP/UDP), then need to consider bandwidth/ throughput reservation for
BN = 10KB x (8 network packets per application frame) x 20 application frames per second= 1600 KB/second = 12800 Kbps
Optimistic Resource Reservation/Allocation

Optimistic reservation considers average bandwidth allocation Given MA, RA, MN, where
i M A (1 / n M A ) i 1 n
Then B M ( M A ) R N N A MN
Optimistic Resource Reservation (Example)
Example: Consider sequence of MPEG video frames of size 80KB, 60 KB, 20KB, 20 KB, 60KB, 20 KB, 20 KB (Group of Pictures I, P, B, B, P, B, B, ), Optimistic frame size calculation:
MA = 280/7 = 40 KB
Given video frame rate RA = 20 fps If Given MN = 10 KB (network packet size, e.g., packet size for the transport layer like TCP/UDP), then need to consider bandwidth/ throughput reservation for
BN = 10KB x (4 network packets per application frame) x 20 application frames per second= 800 KB/second = 6400 Kbps
Sender-Oriented Reservation Protocol
Receiver-Oriented Reservation Protocol
Conclusion
Multimedia System/networking designer must be clear about the requirements coming from the applications and users Multimedia system/networking designer must be also clear about the constraints, what underlying protocols, services and networks can and cannot do and promise whats possible to guarantee and deliver
ADDITIONAL SLIDES
Reservation Styles
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standard defines three types of reservation styles
Wildcard
Allows receiver to create a single reservation along each link shared among all senders for the given session
Fixed
filter
Allows each receiver to create a single reservation from a particular sender whose packets it wants to receive
Dynamic
filter
Allows each receiver to create N reservations to carry flows from up to N different senders. This style allows the receiver to do channel switching (similar to TV channel switching)
Reservation Styles

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CS 414 Multimedia Systems Design

Klara Nahrstedt Spring 2014

CS 414 - Spring 2014

Covered Aspects of Multimedia

Image/Video Information Representation

Audio Information Representation

Media Server Storage

CS 414 - Spring 2014

Summary: Quality of Service

Receiver YouTube Client MM Application OS/DS/Network

Physical Transmission of Negotiation Parameters

CS 414 - Spring 2014

Overview - Multimedia Transport

Requirements of transport subsystems

requirements on Multimedia Transport Translation of user requirements into QoS

QoS and Resource Management

Establishment Data Transmission over established connection

CS 414 - Spring 2014

User Requirements on Transport Subsystems

CS 414 - Spring 2014

QoS Requirements on Transport Subsystems

Establishment Protocol to establish Multimedia Call:

CS 414 - Spring 2014

Negotiation and Translation

For negotiation of QoS we may use

Translation between network and application QoS

CS 414 - Spring 2014

-Receive resulting rate

Final video rate (5 fps)

-Receive final rate - Adjust reservation -Start streaming

Streaming Data at final rate

Wait Receiver (Client)

Setup Socket Communication

Requested Video rate (e.g.,20fps)

-Receive resulting rate

Requested Video rate (e.g.,25ps)

-Receive final rate - Adjust reservation -Start streaming

Streaming Data at final rate

CS 414 - Spring 2014

Packet rate: RN ( M A / M N ) R A = 190 packets per second Network Throughput:

Bandwidth Admission Test

Packet/Frame Scheduling Admission

that in networking only NONPREEMPTIVE scheduling exists!!!

Packet Scheduling Admission

ei processing of a packet i in network node

Admission Test: ei deadline (within a switch) servei/ (1/r) 1

CS 414 - Spring 2014

Pessimistic Resource Reservation (Example)

MA = max(80, 60, 20, 20, 60, 20, 20) = 80KB

Optimistic Resource Reservation/Allocation

Optimistic Resource Reservation (Example)

Sender-Oriented Reservation Protocol

CS 414 - Spring 2014

Receiver-Oriented Reservation Protocol

CS 414 - Spring 2014

CS 414 - Spring 2014

CS 414 - Spring 2014

CS 414 - Spring 2014

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