Lesson 2 Fractionation of Crude Oil SV
Lesson 2 Fractionation of Crude Oil SV
Lesson 2 Fractionation of Crude Oil SV
Crude Oil
Success criteria
By the end of the lesson you should .......be able to:
All Must (Grade C) Be able to explain what crude oil is Most Should (Grade B) Know how to separate a mixture of liquids Some could (A-A*) Explain the uses of the fractions
Crude oil
Crude oil is a mixture. It contains hundreds of different compounds. Some are small but most are large. Nearly all of these compounds contain carbon and hydrogen only. They are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen only.
Key terms
hydrocarbon a compound made from carbon and hydrogen only
crude oil a very important mixture of hydrocarbons
A few facts:
The UK uses a football stadium full of oil every day. The oil the world uses in a year weighs the same as 3 billion cars. The USA uses the most oil
Petrol Kerosine
Fuel Oil and bitumen
Fractional Distillation
Crude oil is split into fractions containing similar sized molecules using fractional distillation. The oil is heated until it vaporises. It then passes up a tall tower that is hot at the bottom but cool at the top. As the vapour passes up this tower the molecules cool and condense back to liquid. c o o l
h o t
Fractional Distillation
Copy the column and arrange the fractions in the right order next to the arrows.
Fraction Kerosene Diesel Petrol Bitumen Fuel gas Fuel Oil Boiling Range (oC) 150 - 240 220 275 40 - 175 >500 Below 40 360
c o o l
h o t
Fuel Oil
Bitumen
refinery gas
gasoline
Fractional Distillation
Bottled gas for gas cookers,, camping gas , LPG fuel for cars, electricity generators aircraft fuel Trucks, and some cars (diesel engines) lubrication Boilers in ships or buildings Covering road surfaces , waterproofing flat roofs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1uu0Uqhd_c