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    Constipation

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    ash ash
    Constipation is defined as having less than 3 bowel movements per week or difficulty passing stool. It can be classified as normal transit constipation, slow transit constipation, or defecatory disorders. Causes include low fiber intake, immobility, medications, gastrointestinal diseases, and neurological conditions. Treatments depend on the classification and may include increasing fiber and fluid intake, osmotic laxatives, bulk-forming laxatives, or enemas. Surgery may be indicated for some defecatory disorders.

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    Constipation

    Uploaded by

    ash ash
    83 views22 pages
    Constipation is defined as having less than 3 bowel movements per week or difficulty passing stool. It can be classified as normal transit constipation, slow transit constipation, or defecatory disorders. Causes include low fiber intake, immobility, medications, gastrointestinal diseases, and neurological conditions. Treatments depend on the classification and may include increasing fiber and fluid intake, osmotic laxatives, bulk-forming laxatives, or enemas. Surgery may be indicated for some defecatory disorders.

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    PHYSIOLOGY

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    Constipation is defined as having less than 3 bowel movements per week or difficulty passing stool. It can be classified as normal transit constipation, slow transit constipation, or defecatory disorders. Causes include low fiber intake, immobility, medications, gastrointestinal diseases, and neurological conditions. Treatments depend on the classification and may include increasing fiber and fluid intake, osmotic laxatives, bulk-forming laxatives, or enemas. Surgery may be indicated for some defecatory disorders.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    83 views22 pages

    Constipation

    Uploaded by

    ash ash
    Constipation is defined as having less than 3 bowel movements per week or difficulty passing stool. It can be classified as normal transit constipation, slow transit constipation, or defecatory disorders. Causes include low fiber intake, immobility, medications, gastrointestinal diseases, and neurological conditions. Treatments depend on the classification and may include increasing fiber and fluid intake, osmotic laxatives, bulk-forming laxatives, or enemas. Surgery may be indicated for some defecatory disorders.

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    CONSTIPATION

    DEESHAN RAJ SIVASANKER 082013100017 IMS BANGALORE

    LEARNING OUTCOMES

    WHAT IS CONSTIPATION ??? CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTIPATION CAUSES OF CONSTIPATION

    TREATMENTS

    WHAT IS CONSTIPATION
    Failure of voiding of feces , hence producing discomfort Constipation is defined as having 2 or more of following symptoms for 12 weeks : 1) Infrequent passage of stools (<3 weeks) 2) Passage of hardstool 3) Incomplete evacuation 4) Sensation of anorectal blockage

    CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTIPATION
    Constipation can be classified into 3 broad classification : 1) Normal Transit Through The Colon(59%) 2) Defecatory Disorders(25%) 3) Slow Transit(13%)

    NORMAL TRANSIT CONSTIPATION

    Stool traverses the colon at normal rate Stool frequency is normal

    Patients yet believes they are constipated

    OCCURANCE -Due to perceived difficulties of evacuation or passage of hard stools

    SLOW TRANSIT CONSTIPATION

    Occurs predominantly in young women with infrequent bowel movements Condition often starts at puberty

    The symptoms are : 1) Infrequent Urge to Defecate 2) Bloating 3) Abdominal Pain 4) Discomfort

    Patients with severe slow transit constipation have delayed Emptying of Proximal Colon

    Consistent with diagnosis of Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo - Obstruction

    DEFECATORY DISORDERS

    Due to Paradoxical Contraction of the Puborectalis & External Anal Sphincter Hence preventing evacuation of stool Due to dysfunction of Anal Sphincter & Pelvic Floor

    Anterior Rectocele

    Weakness of Rectovaginal Septum

    Resulting in Protuberance of Anterior Wall

    Hence Trapping of Stool

    Impeding the passage of Stool , due to prolapse of mucosa of Anterior Rectal Wall
    Rectum becomes unduly sensitive Due to presence of small amount of Stool

    Resulting in urge to pass small volume of stools


    Sensation of Incomplete Evacuation

    CAUSES OF CONSTIPATION
    Causes of constipation are : A)General i)Pregnancy ii)Inadequate Fiber Intake iii)Immobility B)Metabolic/Endocrine i)Diabetes Mellitus ii)Hypothyroidism iii)Porphyria

    C)Functional i)Irritable Bowel Syndrome ii)Idiopathic Slow Transmit D)Physiological i)Depression ii)Anorexia E)Neurological i)Spinal Cord Lesions ii)Parkinsons Disease

    F)Drugs i)Calcium Channel Blockers ii)Iron G)Gastrointestinal Disease i)Intestinal Obstruction & Pseudo Obstruction ii)Colonic Disease eg : Carcinoma & Diverticula Disease iii)Painful Anal conditions , Anal Fissure

    TREATMENTS

    Patients with Normal & Slow Transit Constipation Increasing Fiber content in Diet in conjunction with Increasing Fluid Intake

    Osmotic laxative - increases colonic inflow of fluid & electrolytes - stimulates colonic contractility - softens the stool

    Patients With Defecatory Disorders -referred to Specialist Centre as Surgery maybe indicated -eg : Anterior Rectocele

    LAXATIVE & ENEMAS A)Bulk Forming Laxatives i)Dietary Fibers ii)Wheat Bran iii)Methylcellulose B)Osmotic Laxative i)Magnesium Sulphate ii)Lactulose

    C)Enemas i)Arachis Oil ii)Hypertonic Phosphate iii)Sodium Citrate

    REFERENCE

    KUMAR & CLARCKS , CLINICAL MEDICINE , PUBLISHED BY ELSEVIER , SEVENTH EDITION , UK

    GUYTON & HALL , TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY , PUBLISHED BY ELSEVIER , A SOUTH ASIAN EDITION

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