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    Cancer of Reproductive System

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    maria erika
    Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the cells of the breast. It is more common in women than men and risk factors include age, family history, personal history of breast cancer, and lifestyle factors like alcohol use and obesity. Symptoms may include a lump in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, or nipple discharge. Diagnosis involves exams like mammography, MRI, or biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.

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    Cancer of Reproductive System

    Uploaded by

    maria erika
    3K views42 pages
    Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the cells of the breast. It is more common in women than men and risk factors include age, family history, personal history of breast cancer, and lifestyle factors like alcohol use and obesity. Symptoms may include a lump in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, or nipple discharge. Diagnosis involves exams like mammography, MRI, or biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.

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    Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the cells of the breast. It is more common in women than men and risk factors include age, family history, personal history of breast cancer, and lifestyle factors like alcohol use and obesity. Symptoms may include a lump in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, or nipple discharge. Diagnosis involves exams like mammography, MRI, or biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3K views42 pages

    Cancer of Reproductive System

    Uploaded by

    maria erika
    Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the cells of the breast. It is more common in women than men and risk factors include age, family history, personal history of breast cancer, and lifestyle factors like alcohol use and obesity. Symptoms may include a lump in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, or nipple discharge. Diagnosis involves exams like mammography, MRI, or biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.

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    of 42

    Prepared by:

    Mariane S. Montemayor
    BREAST CANCER
    • A cancer that starts in the
    cells of the breast in
    women and men
    BREAST CANCER
    Risk factors you cannot Risk Factor you can change
    change lifestyle choices

    • Gender- • Nullipara
    • Age • Use of birth control
    • Genetic risk factors pills
    • Race • Postmenopausal
    hormone therapy (PHT)
    • Personal history of
    breast cancer • Use of alcohol
    • Menstrual periods • Being overweight or
    obese
    • Treatment with DES
    BREAST CANCER
    Cause: Study
    • Lesions to DNA
    • Exact causes such as genetic
    of Cancer is mutations
    UNKNOWN • Abnormal growth
    factor- signaling
    • Inherited defects
    in DNA repair
    genes
    Paget's disease
    • named after Sir James
    Paget
    • include redness and
    mild scaling and flaking
    of the nipple skin and
    resembles eczema, and
    can be itchy
    Male Breast Cancer
    • Men with breast cancer
    usually have lumps that
    can be felt
    • men have breast tissue
    and that they can
    develop breast cancer.
    BREAST CANCER
    SYMPTOMS
    • a “lump” in the surrounding breast tissue.
    • changes in breast size or shape, skin dimpling,
    nipple inversion, or spontaneous single-nipple
    discharge
    • “Mastodynia” – breast pain
    • peau d'orange- pain, swelling, warmth and
    redness throughout the breast, as well as an
    orange-peel texture to the skin- inflammatory
    breast cancer (IBC)
    • Paget's disease of the breast
    BREAST CANCER
    Diagnostic Test
     common methods
    screening are:
    self and clinical breast
    exams
    Incision and biopsy)
    mammography
    Magnetic Resonance
    Imaging (MRI)
    Genetic testing may also
    used
    BREAST CANCER
    Treatment
     surgery when the tumor is
    localized
     adjuvant hormonal
    therapy (with tamoxifen
    or an aromatase inhibitor)
     Adjuvant therapy
    Hormone Therapy
    Chemotherapy
    Radiotherapy
    Interstitial laser
    thermotherapy (ILT)
    Cancer of the Reproductive
    System
    Female
    Reproductive System
    Ovary
    Uterus
    Endometrial
    Uterus – Cervical
    Vagina/Vulva
    Ovarian Cancer
    • is a cancerous growth arising
    from different parts of the
    ovary
    • most cases, there are no
    known causes
    • called a “silent killer”
    • Ovarian cancer can develop
    at any age
    Ovarian Cancer
    • Risk factors
    • Genetic risk factors
    • Increasing age- menopausal women
    • Nullipara
    • Early menstrual cycles- start before 12
    years old and late menopausal
    • Use of estrogens or hormone replacement
    therapy
    • Use of Talc, High fat diet
    Ovarian Cancer
    Symptoms
    • pelvic pressure or • pain or swelling in the
    frequent urination abdomen
    • pain during intercourse
    • unexplained changes in • vaginal bleeding in post-
    bowel habits menopausal women
    Ovarian Cancer
    Diagnostic Exams
    • PE
    • pelvic examination
    • CA-125 assay
    • one or more various imaging procedures
    (MRI, CT’s scan, UTZ)
    • a lower GI series, or barium enema
    • diagnostic laparoscopy
    Treatment Ovarian Cancer
    Treatment
    • Surgery- oophorectomy, bilateral
    oophorectomy,TAHBSO
    • Chemotherapy- via the lymphatic
    system or the blood stream
    • Radiation
    UTERINE CANCER
    • Cancer of uterine cavity
    • Divided into two primary forms
    Endometrial Cancer
    Cervical Cancer
    Endometrial Cancer
    • develops when the cells that make up the
    endometrium become abnormal and grow
    uncontrollably
    • exact cause of endometrial cancer is
    unknown
    Endometrial Cancer
    Endometrial cancer
    • Risk Factor
    • CAUSES Age- age of 50 and above
    Obesity
    • high levels of
    Estrogen replacement
    estrogen
    therapy
    Diabetes Hypertension
    Early first menstruation or
    late menopause
    Tamoxifen
    Genetic factors
    Nullipara women
    Symptoms of Endometrial
    cancer
    • Vaginal bleeding • Anemia
    menorrhagia
    metrorrhagia • Lower abdominal
    in premenopausal women pain or pelvic
    in women older than 40: cramping
    extremely long, heavy, • Thin white or
    or frequent episodes of clear vaginal
    bleeding (may indicate
    premalignant changes) discharge in
    postmenopausal
    women.
    Diagnostic Exams for
    Endometrial cancer
    • Pap smear
    • Endometrial curettage
    • Hysteroscopy
    • Endometrial biopsy or aspiration
    • Transvaginal ultrasound
    • TruTest- uses the small flexible Tao
    Brush to brush the entire lining of the
    uterus
    Treatment for Endometrial
    cancer
    • Surgical treatment – TAHBSO
    Abdominal hysterectomy more prefer than
    vaginal hysterectomy

    • Radiation therapy
    • Chemotherapy
    • Hormone therapy
    CERVICAL TUMOR/CANCER
    •
    • a disease in which the cells
    of the cervix become
    abnormal and start to grow
    uncontrollably, forming
    tumors.
    • third most common cancer
    of the female reproductive
    tract
    CERVICAL TUMOR/CANCER
    • RISK FACTOR:

     Multiple Sex Partner


     Smoking
     some hormonal contraception,
    diethylstilbestrol (DES)
     a family history of cervical cancer.
     Lack of regular Pap tests
    Symptoms of Cervical
    Cancer
    • Abnormal vaginal bleeding
    – Bleeding that occurs between
    regular menstrual periods
    – after sexual intercourse,
    douching, or a pelvic exam
    – Menstrual periods that last
    longer and are heavier than
    before
    – Bleeding after menopause
    • Increased vaginal discharge
    • Pelvic pain
    • Pain during sexual intercourse
    CERVICAL TUMOR/ CANCER
    • PREVENTION • DIAGNOSTIC EXAM

    – Awareness – Pap smear


    (human – Biopsy-
    papillomavirus) Endocervical
    – Screening (Pap curettage
    smear) – cystoscopy
    – Vaccination of – Colposcopy
    HPV
    – CT scan, MRI
    – Use of condoms
    CERVICAL TUMOR/ CANCER
    • TREATMENT
     SURGERY
    • Hysterectomy or radical
    hysterectomy
     Radiation therapy
     Chemotherapy
     Alternative and Complementary
    Therapies
    Vaginal Cancer

    • a disease in which malignant


    (cancer) cells form in the vagina
    • When found in early stages, it can
    often be cured
    Vaginal Cancer
    • CAUSES
    The cause of vaginal cancer is
    not known.
    Age and exposure to the drug
    DES (diethylstilbestrol) before
    birth affect a woman’s risk of
    developing vaginal cancer.
    Vaginal Cancer
    • Risk Factor
     aged 60 or older
     exposed to DES while in the
    mother's womb
     Having (HPV) infection
     history of abnormal cells in the
    cervix or cervical cancer
     very poor hygiene
    Vaginal Cancer
    • SYMPTOMS
    o Abnormal vaginal bleeding or
    discharge not related to
    menstrual periods.
    o Pain during sexual intercourse.
    o Pain in the pelvic area.
    o A lump in the vagina.
    Vaginal Cancer
    • DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS
    Physical exam and history
    Pelvic exam- exam of the vagina, cervix,
    uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and rectum.
    Speculum is also use to visualize
    Pap smear
    Biopsy
    Colposcopy- lighted, magnifying instrument
    to check the vagina and cervix
    Vaginal Cancer
    • Surgery- vaginectomy- removal
    of vagina
    Hysterectomy
    • Radiation therapy
    • Chemotherapy
    Reproductive Disorder
    in

    Male
    • TESTICULAR
    CANCER
    • PENILE CANCER
    TESTICULAR CANCER
    • cancer that develops
    in the testicles
    • Rare but usually
    occur between ages
    15-35
    • No known
    etiology/cause
    TESTICULAR CANCER
    Risk Factor
    • major risk factor for the
    development of testis cancer is
    cryptorchidism
    • inguinal hernia
    • mumps orchitis
    • sedentary lifestyle
    • hormones
    TESTICULAR CANCER
    SYMPTOMS

    • a lump • Lumbago lower back pain

    • loss of sexual • severely enlarged


    activity or interest testicle (tumor) as much as

    • A burning sensation
    3 times the original size.

    specially following physical activity. • other testicle may


    • hydrocele build-up of fluid in the scrotum
    be shrunken in size
    or tunica vaginalis, known as

    • a dull ache in the • blood in semen


    lower abdomen or • general weak and
    groin sometimes described as a "heavy" sensation
    tired feeling
    TESTICULAR CANCER
    Diagnostic Exams Treatment
     ORCHIECTOMY
    • Scrotum examination-  Surgical removal of one or both
    palpation testes
     Followed by
    • scrotal ultrasound
    • CT scans  Adjuvant Treatment
     Chemotherapy
    • tumor markers- AFP
     Radiotherapy
    alpha1 feto protein,  CT scans
    Beta-HCG, and LDH  blood tests
    • Biopsy- inguinal
    orchiectomy
    Penile Cancer
    • growth found on the skin • ETIOLOGY
    or in the tissues of the • exact cause of penile
    penis cancer is unknown
    • cancers may be
    related to chronic
    exposure to
    carcinogens
    • associated with
    human papillomavirus
    (HPV) infection
    Penile Cancer
    Risk Factor Symptoms
    • Person (HPV) infection • Redness
    • Smoking • rashes
    • phimosis • a lump on the penis
    • treatment of psoriasis • Penile lesions
    w/ UV light
    • ulcerations from
    • Age irritation
    • AIDS
    • allergic reactions
    • poor hygiene
    • Severe- penile
    papule
    Penile Cancer
    Diagnostic Exams Treatment
    • SURGERY
    • Penile
    Examination) Amputation (penectomy) - a
    partial or total removal of
    • CT scan
    the penis, and possibly the
    • Biopsy associated lymph nodes
    • RADIATION THERAPY
    • CHEMOTHERAPY
    • BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
    Thank you…

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