SAS

Do Loops
And
Arrays

Last Updated : 29 June, 2004

Center of Excellence
Data Warehousing
Objectives

 Understand iterative DO loops

 Use DO loops to generate data.
 Use DO loops to eliminate redundant code.
 Use DO loop processing to conditionally execute code.
DO Loop Processing

 Statements within a DO loop execute for a specific

number of iterations or until a specific condition stops
the loop.

DATA statement;
SAS statements
DO statement;
iterated SAS statements
END statement;
SAS statements
RUN statement;
DO Loop Processing

 You can use DO loops to

 perform repetitive calculations
 generate data
 eliminate redundant code
 execute SAS code conditionally.
Repetitive Coding

 Compare the interest for yearly versus quarterly

compounding on a $50,000 investment made for one
year at 7.5 percent interest. How much money will a
person accrue in each situation?
Repetitive Coding

data compound;
Amount=50000;
Rate=.075;
Yearly=Amount*Rate;
Quarterly+((Quarterly+Amount)*Rate/4);
Quarterly+((Quarterly+Amount)*Rate/4);
Quarterly+((Quarterly+Amount)*Rate/4);
Quarterly+((Quarterly+Amount)*Rate/4);
run;
Repetitive Coding

proc print data=compound noobs;

run;

PROC PRINT Output

Amount Rate Yearly Quarterly

50000 0.075 3750 3856.79

What if you wanted to determine the quarterly

compounded interest after a period of 20 years (80
quarters)?
DO Loop Processing

data compound(drop=Qtr);
Amount=50000;
Rate=.075;
Yearly=Amount*Rate;
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Quarterly+(Quarterly+Amount)*Rate/4;
end;
run;
The Iterative DO Statement

 The iterative DO statement executes statements between

DO and END statements repetitively based on the value
of an index variable.

DO
DO index-variable=specification-1
index-variable=specification-1 <,…specification-n>;
<,…specification-n>;
<additional
<additionalSAS
SASstatements>
statements>
END;
END;

 specification-1…specification-n can represent a range of

values or a list of specific values.
The Iterative DO Statement

DO
DO index-variable=start
index-variable=start TO
TO stop
stop<BY
<BY increment>;
increment>;

 The values of start, stop, and increment are established

before executing the loop.
 start, stop, and increment must be numbers or
expressions that yield numbers.
 Any changes to the values of stop or increment made
within the DO loop do not affect the number of
iterations.
The Iterative DO Statement
do i=1 to 12; Out of range
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
do j=2 to 10 by 2; Out of range
2 4 6 8 10 12
do k=14 to 2 by –2; Out of range
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
do m=3.6 to 3.8 by .05; Out of range
3.60 3.65 3.70 3.75 3.80 3.85

What are the values of each of the four index variables?

...
The Iterative DO Statement

DO
DOindex-variable=item-1
index-variable=item-1<,…item-n>;
<,…item-n>;

 item-1 through item-n can be either all numeric or all

character constants, or they can be variables.
 The DO loop is executed once for each value in the list.
The Iterative DO Statement

 How many times will each DO loop execute?

do Month='JAN','FEB','MAR';
3 times.
do Fib=1,2,3,5,8,13,21;
7 times.
do i=Var1,Var2,Var3;
3 times.
do j=BeginDate to Today() by 7;
Unknown. The number of iterations depends on
the values of BeginDate and Today().
do k=Test1-Test50;
1 time. A single value of K is determined by
subtracting Test50 from Test1.

...
DO Loop Logic
do
do index=start
index=start to to stop
stop
DO loops
by iterate within
increment; the normal looping process of
by increment;
the DATA step.
SAS-statements
SAS-statements
end;
end;
Initialize
Initialize
PDV
PDV

Execute
Execute EOF
"read"
"read"statement
statement marker?

Execute NO
Execute
program
programstatements
statements
...
 DO Loop Logic
do
do index=start
index=start to to stop
stop Define start,
DO byloops iterate within
by increment;
increment;
the
stop,normal looping
and increment
process of the DATA step.
SAS-statements
SAS-statements values. Set
end; INDEX=start.
end;
Initialize
Initialize
PDV
PDV

YES Is INDEX
Execute
Executeadditional
additional out of
program
programstatements
statements range?

NO
Output
Outputobservation
observationto
to
SAS
SASdata
dataset
set Execute
Executestatements
statementsin
inloop
loop

INDEX=INDEX+increment
INDEX=INDEX+increment
...
DO Loop Logic

 DO loops iterate within the normal looping process of

the DATA step.
Initialize
Initialize
PDV
PDV

YES Stop
Execute
Execute EOF
“read” DATA
“read”statement
statement marker?
step

...
Performing Repetitive Calculations

 On January 1 of each year, $5,000 is invested in an

account. Determine the value of the account after three
years based on a constant annual interest rate of 7.5
percent.

data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;
Execute data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

Initialize PDV to missing

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
. 0 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2001 0 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

PDV
0+5000
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2001 5000 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

PDV
5000+(5000*.075)
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2001 5375 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;
Year + 1

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2002 5375 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Is Year Capital+5000;
out of Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
range? run;

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2002 5375 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

PDV
5375+5000
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2002 10375 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

PDV
10375+(10375*.075)
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2002 11153.13 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;
Year + 1

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2003 11153.13 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Is Year Capital+5000;
out of Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
range? run;

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2003 11153.13 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

PDV
10375.13+5000
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2003 16153.13 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

PDV
16153.13+(16153.13*.075)
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2003 17364.61 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;
Year + 1

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2004 17364.61 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Is Year Capital+5000;
out of Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
range? run;

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2004 17364.61 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2004 17364.61 1

...
 data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;
Implied output

PDV
D
YEAR CAPITAL _N_
2004 17364.61 1
Write out observation to invest.
...
Performing Repetitive Calculations

proc print data=invest;

run;

PROC PRINT Output

Year Capital

2004 17364.61
Performing Repetitive Calculations
Generate a separate observation for each year.
data invest;
do Year=2001 to 2003;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
output;
end;
run;

proc print data=invest noobs;

run;
Performing Repetitive Calculations
PROC PRINT Output
Year Capital

2001 5375.00
2002 11153.13
2003 17364.61

Why is the value of Year not equal to 2004 in

the last observation?
Reducing Redundant Code

 Recall the example that forecast the growth of each

division of International Airlines.

 Partial Listing of prog2.growth

Num
Division Emps Increase

APTOPS 205 0.075

FINACE 198 0.040
FLTOPS 187 0.080
A Forecasting Application (Review)
data forecast;
set prog2.growth(rename=(NumEmps=NewTotal));
Year=1;
NewTotal=NewTotal*(1+Increase);
output;
Year=2;
NewTotal=NewTotal*(1+Increase);
output;
Year=3;
NewTotal=NewTotal*(1+Increase);
output;
run;
What if you wanted to forecast growth over the
next 30 years?
Reducing Redundant Code

 Use a DO loop to eliminate the redundant code in the

previous example.
data forecast;

set prog2.growth(rename=(NumEmps=NewTotal));

do Year=1 to 3;

NewTotal=NewTotal*(1+Increase);
Reducing Redundant Code

proc print data=forecast noobs;

run;
Partial PROC PRINT Output
New
Division Total Increase Year

APTOPS 220.38 0.075 1

APTOPS 236.90 0.075 2
APTOPS 254.67 0.075 3
FINACE 205.92 0.040 1
What if you wanted to forecast the number of
years it would take for the size of the Airport
Operations division to exceed 300 people?
Conditional Iterative Processing

 You can use DO WHILE and DO UNTIL statements to

stop the loop when a condition is met rather than when
the index variable exceeds a specific value.
 To avoid infinite loops, be sure that the condition
specified will be met.
The DO WHILE Statement

 The DO WHILE statement executes statements in a DO

loop while a condition is true.
DO
DO WHILE
WHILE(expression);
(expression);
<additional
<additionalSAS
SASstatements>
statements>
END;
END;

expression is evaluated at the top of the loop.

 The statements in the loop never execute if the
expression is initially false.
The DO UNTIL Statement

 The DO UNTIL statement executes statements in a DO

loop until a condition is true.
DO
DO UNTIL
UNTIL(expression);
(expression);
<additional
<additionalSAS
SASstatements>
statements>
END;
END;

expression is evaluated at the bottom of the loop.

 The statements in the loop are executed at least once.
Conditional Iterative Processing

 Determine the number of years it would take for an

account to exceed $1,000,000 if $5,000 is invested
annually at 7.5 percent.
Conditional Iterative Processing

data invest;
do until(Capital>1000000);
Year+1;
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

proc print data=invest noobs;

run;
Conditional Iterative Processing

 PROC PRINT Output

Capital Year

1047355.91 38

 How could you generate the same result with a DO

WHILE statement?
The Iterative DO Statement with a
Conditional Clause
 You can combine DO WHILE and DO UNTIL
statements with the iterative DO statement.

DO
DO index-variable=start
index-variable=start TO
TO stop
stop<BY
<BY increment>
increment>
WHILE
WHILE || UNTIL
UNTIL(expression);
(expression);
<additional
<additionalSAS
SASstatements>
statements>
END;
END;

 This is one method of avoiding an infinite loop in DO

WHILE or DO UNTIL statements.
The Iterative DO Statement with a
Conditional Clause
 Determine the return of the account again.
 Stop the loop if 25 years is reached or more than
$250,000 is accumulated.
The Iterative DO Statement with a
Conditional Clause

data invest;
do Year=1 to 25
until(Capital>250000);
Capital+5000;
Capital+(Capital*.075);
end;
run;

proc print data=invest noobs;

run;
The Iterative DO Statement with a
Conditional Clause
 PROC PRINT Output

Year Capital

21 255594.86
Nested DO Loops

 Nested DO loops are loops within loops.

 When you nest DO loops,
 use different index variables for each loop
 make sure each DO statement has a corresponding END
statement.
Nested DO Loops

 Create one observation per year for five years showing

the earnings if you invest $5,000 per year with 7.5
percent annual interest compounded quarterly.
Nested DO Loops

data invest(drop=Quarter);
do Year=1 to 5;
Capital+5000;
5x 4x
do Quarter=1 to 4;
Capital+((.075/4)*Capital);
end;
output;
end;
run;

proc print data=invest noobs;

run;
...
Nested DO Loops

PROC PRINT Output

Year Capital

1 5385.68
2 11186.79
3 17435.37
4 24165.94
5 31415.68

How could you generate one observation for

each quarterly amount?
Nested DO Loops

Compare the final results of investing $5,000 a year for

five years in three different banks that compound
quarterly. Assume each bank has a fixed interest rate.

prog2.Banks

Name Rate

Calhoun Bank and Trust 0.0718

State Savings Bank 0.0721
National Savings and Trust 0.0728
Nested DO Loops

data invest(drop=Quarter Year);

set prog2.banks;
Capital=0;
3x
do Year=1 to 5;
5x Capital+5000;
4x
do Quarter=1 to 4;
Capital+((Rate/4)*Capital);
end;
end;
run;
This program is similar to the previous program. The
changes are circled.
...
Nested DO Loops

data invest(drop=Quarter Year);

set prog2.banks;
Capital=0;
do Year=1 to 5;
Capital+5000;
do Quarter=1 to 4;
((0.718/4)*Capital);
Capital+((Rate/4)*Capital);
end;
end;
run;
Partial PDV

NAME RATE _N_

Calhoun Bank and Trust .0718 1
...
Nested DO Loops

data invest(drop=Quarter Year);

set prog2.banks;
Capital=0;
do Year=1 to 5;
Capital+5000;
do Quarter=1 to 4;
((0.721/4)*Capital);
Capital+((Rate/4)*Capital);
end;
end;
run;
Partial PDV

NAME RATE _N_

State Savings Bank .0721 2
...
Nested DO Loops

data invest(drop=Quarter Year);

set prog2.banks;
Capital=0;
do Year=1 to 5;
Capital+5000;
do Quarter=1 to 4;
((0.728/4)*Capital);
Capital+((Rate/4)*Capital);
end;
end;
run;
Partial PDV

NAME RATE _N_

National Bank and Trust .0728 3
...
Nested DO Loops

proc print data=invest noobs;

run;

PROC PRINT Output

Name Rate Capital

Calhoun Bank and Trust 0.0718 31106.73

State Savings Bank 0.0721 31135.55
National Savings and Trust 0.0728 31202.91
Objectives

 Understand what a SAS array is.

 Use SAS arrays to perform repetitive calculations.
Performing Repetitive Calculations

 Employees contribute an amount to charity every

quarter. The SAS data set prog2.donate contains
contribution data for each employee. The employer
supplements each contribution by 25 percent. Calculate
each employee's quarterly contribution including the
company supplement.
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4

E00224 12 33 22 .
E00367 35 48 40 30
Performing Repetitive Calculations

data charity;

set prog2.donate;

Qtr1=Qtr1*1.25;

Qtr2=Qtr2*1.25;
Performing Repetitive Calculations

 Partial PROC PRINT Output

ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4

E00224 15.00 41.25 27.50 .

E00367 43.75 60.00 50.00 37.50
E00441 . 78.75 111.25 112.50
E00587 20.00 23.75 37.50 36.25
E00598 5.00 10.00 7.50 1.25

 What if you wanted to similarly modify 52 weeks of data

stored in Week1 through Week52?
Array Processing

 You can use arrays to simplify programs that

 perform repetitive calculations
 create many variables with the same attributes
 read data
 rotate SAS data sets by making variables into observations or
observations into variables
 compare variables
 perform a table lookup.
What Is a SAS Array?

 A SAS array
 is a temporary grouping of SAS variables that are arranged in
a particular order
 is identified by an array name
 exists only for the duration of the current DATA step
 is not a variable.
What Is a SAS Array?

 Each variable in an array is

 called an element
 identified by a subscript that represents the position of the
element in the array.
 When you use an array reference, the corresponding
variable is substituted for the reference.
What Is a SAS Array?

Array name CONTRIB

CONTRIB

ID D QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4

First Second Third Fourth

element element element element
CONTRIB{1} CONTRIB{2} CONTRIB{3} CONTRIB{4}

Array references
...
The ARRAY Statement

 The ARRAY statement defines the elements in an array.

These elements will be processed as a group. You refer
to elements of the array by the array name and
subscript.

ARRAY
ARRAYarray-name
array-name{subscript}
{subscript}<$><length>
<$><length>
<array-elements>
<array-elements><(initial-value-list)>;
<(initial-value-list)>;
The ARRAY Statement

 The ARRAY statement

 must contain all numeric or all character elements
 must be used to define an array before the array name can be
referenced
 creates variables if they do not already exist in the PDV
 is a compile-time statement.
Defining an Array

 Write an ARRAY statement that defines the four

quarterly contribution variables as elements of an array.

array Contrib{4} Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4;

CONTRIB
CONTRIB

ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4

First Second Third Fourth

element element element element

...
Defining an Array

 Variables that are elements of an array need not have

similar, related, or numbered names.

array Contrib2{4} Q1 Qrtr2 ThrdQ Qtr4

CONTRIB2
CONTRIB2

ID Q1 QRTR2 THRDQ QTR4

First Second Third Fourth

element element element element

...
Processing an Array
 Array processing often occurs within DO loops. An iterative DO
loop that processes an array has the following form:

DO
DO index-variable=1
index-variable=1TO
TO number-of-elements-in-array;
number-of-elements-in-array;
additional
additionalSAS
SASstatements
statements
using
usingarray-name{index-variable}…
array-name{index-variable}…
END;
END;

 To execute the loop as many times as there are elements in the

array, specify that the values of index-variable range from 1 to
number-of-elements-in-array.
Processing an Array

array Contrib{4} Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4;

do Qtr=1 to 4;
Contrib{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}*1.25;
end;

Value of CONTRIB{QTR}
CONTRIB{QTR}
index array
variable Qtr reference
1 2 3 4
CONTRIB{1} CONTRIB{2} CONTRIB{3} CONTRIB{4}
QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4

First element Second element Third element Fourth element

...
Performing Repetitive Calculations
data charity(drop=Qtr);

setContrib{1}=Contrib{1}*1.25;
prog2.donate;

array Contrib{4} Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4;

When Qtr=1

Qtr1=Qtr1*1.25;
do Qtr=1 to 4;

...
Performing Repetitive Calculations
data charity(drop=Qtr);

setContrib{2}=Contrib{2}*1.25;
prog2.donate;

array Contrib{4} Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4;

When Qtr=2

Qtr2=Qtr2*1.25;
do Qtr=1 to 4;

...
Performing Repetitive Calculations
data charity(drop=Qtr);

setContrib{3}=Contrib{3}*1.25;
prog2.donate;

array Contrib{4} Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4;

When QTR=3

Qtr3=Qtr3*1.25;
do Qtr=1 to 4;

...
Performing Repetitive Calculations
data charity(drop=Qtr);

setContrib{4}=Contrib{4}*1.25;
prog2.donate;

array Contrib{4} Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4;

When QTR=4

Qtr4=Qtr4*1.25;
do Qtr=1 to 4;

...
Performing Repetitive Calculations

proc print data=charity noobs;

run;

 Partial PROC PRINT Output

ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4

E00224 15.00 41.25 27.50 .

E00367 43.75 60.00 50.00 37.50
E00441 . 78.75 111.25 112.50
E00587 20.00 23.75 37.50 36.25
E00598 5.00 10.00 7.50 1.25
Objectives

 Use SAS arrays to create new variables.

 Use SAS arrays to perform a table lookup.
 Use SAS arrays to rotate a SAS data set.
Creating Variables with Arrays

 Calculate the percentage that each quarter's

contribution represents of the employee's total annual
contribution. Base the percentage only on the
employee's actual contribution and ignore the company
contributions.

 Partial Listing of prog2.donate

ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4

E00224 12 33 22 .
E00367 35 48 40 30
Creating Variables with Arrays
data percent(drop=Qtr);
set prog2.donate;
Total=sum(of Qtr1-Qtr4);
array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
array Percent{4};
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Percent{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}/Total;
end;
run;

The second ARRAY statement creates four numeric

variables: Percent1, Percent2, Percent3, and
Percent4.
Creating Variables with Arrays

proc print data=percent noobs;

var ID Percent1-Percent4;
format Percent1-Percent4 percent5.;
run;

Partial PROC PRINT Output

ID Percent1 Percent2 Percent3 Percent4

E00224 18% 49% 33% .

E00367 23% 31% 26% 20%
E00441 . 26% 37% 37%
E00587 17% 20% 32% 31%
E00598 21% 42% 32% 5%
Creating Variables with Arrays

 Calculate the difference in each employee's actual

contribution from one quarter to the next.
Second
difference

ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4

E00224 12 33 22 .
First Third
E00367 35 48 40 30
difference difference

 Partial Listing of prog2.donate

...
Creating Variables with Arrays
data change(drop=i);
set prog2.donate;
array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
array Diff{3};
do i=1 to 3;
Diff{i}=Contrib{i+1}-Contrib{i};
end;
run;
Creating Variables with Arrays
data change(drop=i);
set prog2.donate;
array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
array Diff{3};
do i=1 to 3;
Diff{i}=Contrib{i+1}-Contrib{i};
Diff{1}=Contrib{2}-Contrib{1};
end;
run;

When i=1

Diff1=Qtr2-Qtr1;

...
Creating Variables with Arrays
data change(drop=i);
set prog2.donate;
array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
array Diff{3};
do i=1 to 3;
Diff{i}=Contrib{i+1}-Contrib{i};
Diff{2}=Contrib{3}-Contrib{2};
end;
run;

When i=2

Diff2=Qtr3-Qtr2;

...
Creating Variables with Arrays
data change(drop=i);
set prog2.donate;
array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
array Diff{3};
do i=1 to 3;
Diff{i}=Contrib{i+1}-Contrib{i};
Diff{3}=Contrib{4}-Contrib{3};
end;
run;

When i=3

Diff3=Qtr4-Qtr3;

...
Creating Variables with Arrays

proc print data=change noobs;

var ID Diff1-Diff3;
run;

Partial PROC PRINT Output

ID Diff1 Diff2 Diff3

E00224 21 -11 .
E00367 13 -8 -10
E00441 . 26 1
E00587 3 11 -1
E00598 4 -2 -5
Assigning Initial Values

 Determine the difference between employee

contributions and last year's average quarterly goals of
$10, $15, $5, and $10 per employee.
data compare(drop=Qtr Goal1-Goal4);
set prog2.donate;
array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
array Diff{4};
array Goal{4} Goal1-Goal4 (10,15,5,10);
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Diff{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}-Goal{Qtr};
end;
run;
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Compile
Qtr3 Qtr4 data compare(drop=Qtr Goal1-Goal4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 array Diff{4};
array Goal{4} Goal1-Goal4
(10,15,5,10);
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Diff{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}-
Goal{Qtr};
end;
run;

PDV

...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data compare(drop=Qtr Goal1-Goal4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 array Diff{4};
array Goal{4} Goal1-Goal4
(10,15,5,10);
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Diff{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}-
Goal{Qtr};
end;
run;

PDV
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4

...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data compare(drop=Qtr Goal1-Goal4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 array Diff{4};
array Goal{4} Goal1-Goal4
(10,15,5,10);
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Diff{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}-
Goal{Qtr};
end;
run;

PDV
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 DIFF1 DIFF2

DIFF3 DIFF4

...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data compare(drop=Qtr Goal1-Goal4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 array Diff{4};
array Goal{4} Goal1-Goal4
(10,15,5,10);
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Diff{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}-
Goal{Qtr};
end;
run;

PDV
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 DIFF1 DIFF2

DIFF3 DIFF4 GOAL1 GOAL2 GOAL3 GOAL4

...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data compare(drop=Qtr Goal1-Goal4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 array Diff{4};
array Goal{4} Goal1-Goal4
(10,15,5,10);
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Diff{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}-
Goal{Qtr};
end;
run;

PDV
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 DIFF1 DIFF2

DIFF3 DIFF4 GOAL1 GOAL2 GOAL3 GOAL4 QTR

...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data compare(drop=Qtr Goal1-Goal4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 array Diff{4};
array Goal{4} Goal1-Goal4
(10,15,5,10);
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Diff{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}-
Goal{Qtr};
end;
run;

PDV
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 DIFF1 DIFF2

D D D D D
DIFF3 DIFF4 GOAL1 GOAL2 GOAL3 GOAL4 QTR

...
Assigning Initial Values

proc print data=compare noobs;

var ID Diff1 Diff2 Diff3 Diff4;
run;

PROC PRINT Output

ID Diff1 Diff2 Diff3 Diff4

E00224 2 18 17 .
E00367 25 33 35 20
E00441 . 48 84 80
E00587 6 4 25 19
E00598 -6 -7 1 -9
Performing a Table Lookup

 You can use the keyword _TEMPORARY_ instead of

specifying variable names when you create an array to
define temporary array elements.
data compare(drop=Qtr);
set prog2.donate;
array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
array Diff{4};
array Goal{4} _temporary_ (10,15,5,10);
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Diff{Qtr}=Contrib{Qtr}-Goal{Qtr};
end;
run;
Performing a Table Lookup
proc print data=compare noobs;
var ID Diff1 Diff2 Diff3 Diff4;
run;

PROC PRINT Output

ID Diff1 Diff2 Diff3 Diff4

E00224 2 18 17 .
E00367 25 33 35 20
E00441 . 48 84 80
E00587 6 4 25 19
E00598 -6 -7 1 -9
Rotating a SAS Data Set

 Rotating, or transposing, a SAS data set can be

accomplished by using array processing. When a data
set is rotated, the values of an observation in the input
data set become values of a variable in the output data
set.

 Partial Listing of prog2.donate

ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4

E00224 12 33 22 .
E00367 35 48 40 30
Rotating a SAS Data Set

Partial Listing of prog2.donate

ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4

E00224 12 33 22 .
E00367 35 48 40 30 Partial Listing of rotate
ID Qtr Amount

E00224 1 12
E00224 2 33
E00224 3 22
E00224 4 .
E00367 1 35
E00367 2 48
E00367 3 40
E00367 4 30
Rotating a SAS Data Set

data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
output;
end;
run;
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2Execute
Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;

Initialize PDV to missing

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

. . . . . .
...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . . .
...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . . .
...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 1 .
...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;

Amount=Contrib{1};

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 1 12
.
...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;
E00224 1 12

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 1 12
Write out observation to rotate. ...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;
E00224 1 12
Amount=Contrib{2};

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 2 12
33
...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;
E00224 1 12
E00224 2 33

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 2 33
Write out observation to rotate. ...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;
E00224 1 12
E00224 2 33
Amount=Contrib{3};

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 3 33
22
...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;
E00224 1 12
E00224 2 33
E00224 3 22

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 3 22
Write out observation to rotate. ...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;
E00224 1 12
E00224 2 33
Amount=Contrib{4};
E00224 3 22

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 4 22
.
...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;
E00224 1 12
E00224 2 33
E00224 3 22
E00224 4 .

PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 4 .
Write out observation to rotate. ...
 Partial Listing of prog2.donate
ID Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 data rotate(drop=Qtr1-Qtr4);
set prog2.donate;
E00224 12 33 22 . array Contrib{4} Qtr1-Qtr4;
E00367 35 48 40 30 do Qtr=1 to 4;
Amount=Contrib{Qtr};
Partial Listing of rotate output;
ID Qtr Amount end;
run;
E00224 1 12
E00224 2 33 Implicit return. Continue
E00224 3 22
processing observations from
E00224 4 .
prog2.donate.
PDV
D D D D
ID QTR1 QTR2 QTR3 QTR4 QTR AMOUNT

E00224 12 33 22 . 5 .

c07s3d1.sas ...
...
Questions