Cell Transport Notes
Cell Transport Notes
Notes
About Cell Membranes
1.All cells have a cell
membrane
2.Functions:
a.Controls what enters
and exits the cell to
maintain an internal
balance called
homeostasis
TEM picture of a
b.Provides protection and real cell membrane.
support for the cell
About Cell Membranes (continued)
3.Structure of cell membrane
Lipid Bilayer -2 layers of
phospholipids
a.Phosphate head is polar
(water loving) Phospholipid
b.Fatty acid tails non-polar
(water fearing)
c.Proteins embedded in
membrane
Lipid Bilayer
Polar heads Fluid Mosaic
love water Model of the
& dissolve. cell membrane
Non-polar
Membrane move
tails hide
from water.
Carbohydrate cell
markers
Proteins
About Cell Membranes (continued)
• 4. Cell membranes have pores (holes) in it
a.Selectively permeable: Allows some
molecules in and keeps other molecules out
b.The structure helps it be selective!
Pores
Structure of the Cell Membrane
Outside of cell
Carbohydrate
Proteins chains
Lipid
Bilayer
Transport
Protein Phospholipids
Animations
Inside of cell
of membrane (cytoplasm)
structure
Go to
Section:
•Animations of Active
Types of Cellular Transport Transport & Passive
Transport
Weeee!!
• Passive Transport !
cell doesn’t use energy
1. Diffusion
high
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
low
• Active Transport
cell does use energy This is
gonna
1. Protein Pumps be hard
2. Endocytosis high
work!!
3. Exocytosis
low
Passive Transport
• cell uses no energy
• molecules move randomly
• Molecules spread out from an area of
high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
• (HighLow)
• Three types:
3 Types of Passive Transport
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitative Diffusion – diffusion with
the help of transport proteins
3. Osmosis – diffusion of water
Passive Transport:
Simple Diffusion A
1. Diffusion
1. Diffusion: random movement of
particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of
low concentration.
(High to Low)
• Diffusion continues until all
molecules are evenly spaced
(equilibrium is reached)-Note:
molecules will still move around but
stay spread out.
http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm
Passive Transport:
2. Facilitated Diffusion A B
2. Facilitated diffusion:
diffusion of specific particles
through transport
proteins found in the
membrane
a.Transport Proteins are Facilitated Diffusion
specific – they “select” diffusion (Lipid
only certain molecules (Channel Bilayer)
to cross the membrane Protein)
b.Transports larger or
charged molecules
Carrier Protein
Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion
Glucose
molecules
Cellular Transport From a-
High
High Concentration
• Channel Proteins animations
Cell Membrane
Protein
Low Concentration
Low
channel
Transport
Through a
Go to
Protein
Section:
Passive Transport: Osmosis animation
3. Osmosis
• 3.Osmosis: diffusion of water
through a selectively
permeable membrane
• Water moves from high to low
concentrations
•(Low High)
•Three Types:
Sodium Potassium P
1. Protein Pumps
-transport proteins that
require energy to do
work
•Example: Sodium /
Potassium Pumps
are important in nerve Protein changes
responses. shape to move
molecules: this
requires energy!
Types of Active Transport
• 2. Endocytosis: taking
bulky material into a cell
• Uses energy
• Cell membrane in-folds
around food particle
• “cell eating”
• forms food vacuole &
digests food
• This is how white blood
cells eat bacteria!
Types of Active Transport
Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic: The solution has a lower concentration of
solutes and a higher concentration of water than
inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)
Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic: The solution has a higher concentration
of solutes and a lower concentration of water than
inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)
shrinks
Isotonic Solution
Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution
is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
A B C