Cellular Membrane Notes
Cellular Membrane Notes
Cellular Membrane Notes
Notes
About Cell Membranes
1. All cells have a cell
membrane
2.Functions:
a.Controls what enters
and exits the cell to
maintain an internal
balance called
homeostasis
TEM (Transmission
b.Provides protection and electron microscopy)
support for the cell picture of a real cell
membrane.
About Cell Membranes (continued)
3.Structure of cell membrane
Lipid Bilayer -2 layers of
phospholipids
a.Phosphate head is polar
(water loving-hydrophillic)
Phospholipid
b.Fatty acid tails non-polar
(water fearing-hydrophobic)
c.Proteins embedded in
membrane
Lipid Bilayer
Polar heads Fluid Mosaic
Model of the
cell membrane
Non-polar
Membrane
tails movement
animation
Carbohydrate cell
markers
Proteins
What is the other name for the
Cell Membrane?
• Fluid Mosaic Model
About Cell Membranes (continued)
• 4. Cell membranes have pores (holes) in it
a.Selectively permeable: Allows some
molecules in and keeps other molecules out
b.The structure helps it be selective!
Pores
Structure of the Cell Membrane
Outside of cell
Carbohydrate
Proteins chains
Lipid
Bilayer
Transport
Protein Phospholipids
Inside of cell
(cytoplasm)
Cell Transport
• Cells need to:
– Take in things they need
– Get rid of the things they don’t need
– Communicate with one another
• Three types:
– Diffusion
– Facilitated diffusion
– Osmosis
Diffusion
• The process by
which molecules
spread from areas of
high concentration, to areas of low
concentration (Moving across the
concentration gradient)
• No energy is required
• When the molecules are even throughout
a space - it is called EQUILIBRIUM
Diffusion across a membrane
• Permeable – membrane
through which molecules
can pass
• Move from high
concentrations to low until
equilibrium is reached
• Small, uncharged
particles (oxygen, carbon
dioxide, most lipids)
• No energy required
Facilitated Diffusion
• Molecules that cannot directly diffuse
across the membrane pass through
special protein channels
• NO ADDITIONAL ENERGY NEEDED
Facilitated Diffusion
• Ions & large
molecules (Cl- and
glucose)
• Protein channels
(“carriers”)
• Types:
– Molecular Transport (Protein Pumps)
– Bulk Transport (Endocytosis and Exocytosis)
Endocytosis
The process by which cells absorb
material (molecules such as proteins)
from outside the cell by engulfing it
with their cell membrane
• Two Types
– Pinocytosis
– Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
• Movement of liquids
into the cell
Phagocytosis
• movement of solids
into the cell
Exocytosis
A cellular process where cells eject waste
products or chemical transmitters (such as
hormones) from the interior of the cell.
•Exocytosis is similar
in function to
Endocytosis but works
in the opposite
direction.