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  • Medical Parasitology: Protozoa Helminth Arthropod

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    This document provides an overview of medical arthropods. It discusses how some arthropods can harm humans directly by biting, stinging or transmitting diseases, or indirectly by transmitting pathogens mechanically or biologically. It then classifies medical arthropods into classes including insects, arachnids and crustaceans. Specific examples like mosquitoes, flies, fleas, lice, ticks, mites, scorpions and centipedes are then described in more detail including their morphology, life cycles and how they can impact human health. Prevention and control methods are also mentioned.

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    This document provides an overview of medical arthropods. It discusses how some arthropods can harm humans directly by biting, stinging or transmitting diseases, or indirectly by transmitting pathogens mechanically or biologically. It then classifies medical arthropods into classes including insects, arachnids and crustaceans. Specific examples like mosquitoes, flies, fleas, lice, ticks, mites, scorpions and centipedes are then described in more detail including their morphology, life cycles and how they can impact human health. Prevention and control methods are also mentioned.

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    172 views73 pages

    Medical Parasitology: Protozoa Helminth Arthropod

    Uploaded by

    api-19916399
    This document provides an overview of medical arthropods. It discusses how some arthropods can harm humans directly by biting, stinging or transmitting diseases, or indirectly by transmitting pathogens mechanically or biologically. It then classifies medical arthropods into classes including insects, arachnids and crustaceans. Specific examples like mosquitoes, flies, fleas, lice, ticks, mites, scorpions and centipedes are then described in more detail including their morphology, life cycles and how they can impact human health. Prevention and control methods are also mentioned.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 73

    Medical Parasitology

    Protozoa Helminth Arthropod


    Medical Arthropod

    Introduction

    Class Insecta

    Class Arachnida

    End
    Introduction
    • Arthropod ： 1 million species of Arthropods,
    occupying 85% of animal species ； most of
    them lead free living, very few are parasites

    • Medical Arthropods ： meaning those


    arthropods which do harm to human health
    in direct way or indirect way
    1. Harms by Medical Arthropods
    （ 1 ） Direct way
    • Sucking blood, annoyance, sting, poison,
    allergenic effects, parasitizing, etc.
    （ 2 ） Indirect way
    • Mechanical transmission
    • Biological transmission
    2. Classification
    • Class insecta: mosquito, fly, flea, lice, etc
    • Class Arachnida: mite, tick,spider,scorpion
    • Class Crustacea: crab, shrimp, crayfish
    • Class Chilopoda: centipede
    • Class Myriopoda: diplopod

    Back
    Class Insecta
    1. Morphology
    • Head ： antenna, compound eyes,simple
    eyes, mouthpart
    • Chest ： 3 pairs of feet ， 0~2 pairs of wings
    • Abdomen ： segmented, no more than 11 S.
    2. Life cycle
    • Complete metamorphosis
    • Incomplete metamorphosis
    Back
    蚊
    (mosquitoes)
    1. Morphology
    Head: antenna, compound eyes, mouthpart
    Chest: 3 pairs of feet, 1 pairs of wings
    Abdomen ： 11 segments

    Morphological difference of 3 genera


    2. Life cycle
    Complete metamorphosis
    • egg
    • larva
    • pupa
    • adult
    3. Zoology
    • Breeding place:
    • Feeding:
    • Mating: group dancing
    • Inhabiting: homekeeping,
    half-homekeeping, wild
    • Hibernation:
    • Life span: male,1-3 w; female longer
    • Rang of flight: 500 m long and 300 m high
    4. Harms by mosquitoes
    • Sucking blood of man
    • Causing allergic reaction
    • Transmitting diseases
    Malaria, filariasis, cephalitis, dengue
    fever,etc
    5. Control
    • Elimination of breeding places
    • Insecticides
    • Biological control
    (bat, fish, Bacillus thuringiensis)
    • Individual protection
    • Control with help of laws
    蝇 (flies)
    Flies
    10 000 species in total, 1 600 in China
    1. Morphology
    • Head ： 2 compound eyes ， 3 simple eyes ，
    1 mouthpart
    • Chest ： a pair of wings, 3 pairs of feet,
    ungual mat
    • Abdomen: 4 – 5 segments
    2. Life cycle
    Complete metamorphosis
    • Egg
    • Larva (maggot)
    • Pupa
    • Adult
    3. Zoology
    • Breeding place

    • Feeding

    • Habitat

    • Hibernation
    4. Harms
    4.1 Transmission of disease
    • Mechanical transmission ： dysentery,
    cholera, hepatitis, paratyphoid, parasitic
    infection, etc
    • Biological transmission ： tzetze fly
    transmits trypanosomiasis
    4.2 Myiasis
    • Gastrointestinal myiasis: Housefly
    • Ocular myiasis: Oestrus ovis
    • Dermal myiasis: Hypoderma lineatum
    • myiasis of ear, pharynx, mouth and nose ：
    Housefly, Chrysomyia megacephala
    • Genitourinary myiasis: housefly
    • Myiasis in cutaneous injury: housefly
    蚤 (fleas)
    Fleas
    2500 species in total, 640
    in China
    1. Morphology
    • 3 mm long, brownish
    yellow
    • Head ： 2 simple eyes, a
    sharp mouthpart
    • Chest ： 3 pairs of feet
    • Abdomen ： 10 segments
    2. Life cycle
    Egg Larva

    Adult Pupa
    3. Zoology
    • Breeding place
    • Habits:
    Sucking blood
    Great capacity of enduring hunger
    A talent for jump
    4. Harms
    • plague
    • Murine typhus
    • Tapeworm disease
    虱 (lice)
    1. Morphology
    2 groups ： Pthirus pubis and Pediculus
    humanus

    Pthirus pubis P. humanus


    2. Life cycle (Incomplete metamorphosis)
    Egg

    Nympha Adult
    3. Habits
    • Breeding habit
    • Suck blood
    • Sensitive to temperature
    • Sensitive to humidity
    • Transmitted between persons
    4. Harms
    1. Dermal pruritus and papilla
    2. Transmission of disease
    • Epidemic typhus (Ship fever)
    • Louse-borne relapsing fever
    臭 虫 (bedbug)
    Bedbug
    1. Morphology
    • oval shaped ， reddish
    brown, 4 -6 mm long
    • having 1 pair of
    compound eyes, sharp
    mouthpart, no wings, 8
    segments in abdomen
    2. Life cycle and Habits
    • Incomplete metamorphosis
    • Like to infest in bed board, bedding, mat,
    and gaps in desk, wall, floor board during
    daytime, suck blood at night
    • Strong resistance against hunger
    • Not bear high temperature
    3. Harms
    • Suck blood
    • Disturbance
    白 蛉 (sandfly)
    Sandfly
    1. Morphology ： grayish white, 1.5-4.0 mm
    long, having many hairs, a sharp
    mouthpart, 2 black compound eyes
    2. Habits ： larvae in soil; female suck blood
    at night;housekeeping group and wild
    group; group dancing
    3. Harms ： sting man and suck blood;
    transmit black fever

    Back
    蜱 (ticks)

    Back
    Tick
    • Adult body ： 2 parts, idiosoma and
    gnathosoma; 2-10 mm long
    • 2 groups ： hard ticks and soft ticks
    Hard tick: 1 scutum,2 eyes
    Soft tick: no scutum, most no eyes
    • Inhabitation ： bosk; bushwood; cavity
    • Life cycle: egg, larva, nymphae, and adult
    • Feeding: Larva, nymphae and adult
    • Attack object ： mammals and aves
    • Attack time ： daytime
    • Attack region ： perform selectivity
    Harms by ticks
    • Sucking blood
    • Local infection
    • Tick paralysis
    • Transmission of diseases
    Forest encephalitis, Xingjiang
    haemorrhagic fever, Q fever, relapsing
    fever, Lyme disease
    蠕形螨 (follicle mite)
    • Morphology: Cylindrical, milk white,
    semitransparent, 0.15-0.30 mm long
    • Life cycle: egg, larva, nymphae and adult
    • Habitat: Parasitize human follicle and
    sebaceous gland
    • Habits: Sensitive to temperature
    Harms
    Cause folliculitis, acne, bottle nose (a
    nose to light candles), dermatitis, etc
    Prevention
    • Diagnosis
    the cellophane tape method; skin
    scraping method
    • Treatment: external use of
    Metronidazole or take orally
    • Prevention
    疥螨 (itch mite)
    Sarcoptes scabiei
    • Morphology: Nearly round, milk white,
    female 0.3-0.5 mm long
    • Life cycle: egg, larva, nymphae and adult
    • Habitat: Live in keratoderma, dig tunnel
    • Feeding: on cutin and lymph fluid
    • Mating: at night
    • Habit: Enjoy low temperature, and high
    humidity
    Harms and Prevention
    • Pathogenesis: mechanical irritation,allergic
    reaction, secondary infection
    • Symptom ： papilla, nodules,bleb, purulence,
    tunnels, itching (more serious at night)
    • Dignosis: found tunnel and adults
    • Epidemiology: children, live in collectivity,
    fans in internet
    • Treatment: Sulfureous ointment, Ivermectin
    • Prevention:
    尘螨 (dust mite)

    • Oval, slight yellow, 0.17-0.50 mm long


    Dust mite
    • Life cycle: egg, larva, nymphae and adult
    ; free living
    • Feeding habit: powder food supply,
    animal’s scurf, dust of flower, mycete,etc
    • Harms ： cause allergic reaction
    • Prevention ： reduce contact with these
    allergens;

    Back
    The end ，
    thanks ！
    蝎 (scorpion)

    Back
    蜈蚣 (centipede)

    Back
    Antenna

    Next
    Compound Eyes

    Back
    Proboscis
    1: labrum
    2,3: maxilla
    5,7: mandible 1
    4: labium
    6: hypopharynx
    2 3 5 7
    4 6 Next
    Mouthpart

    Back
    3 genera of mosquitoes

    Anopheles Culex Aedes


    Back
    Life cycle of mosquito Back

    Adult

    Egg
    Pupa

    Larva
    Compound
    Eyes

    Next
    Compound Eyes

    Next
    Mouthpart

    Back
    Ungual Mat

    Back
    Life Cycle

    Pupa Egg

    Maggot
    Back
    Egg

    Back
    Maggot

    Back
    Pupa

    Back
    Housefly

    Back
    Chrysomyia megacephala

    Back
    Oestrus ovis Back
    Sarcoptes scabii

    Back
    Scabies

    Next
    Scabies

    Next
    Scabies

    Next
    Scabies

    Back

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