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    Water Cement Ratio

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    Prashant Pradhan
    The water-cement ratio is the ratio of weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete mix. A lower ratio leads to higher strength and durability but may make the mix more difficult to place. While a ratio of 1:4 is needed for full hydration reaction, typical ratios of 35-40% are used with plasticizer due to placement issues. Too high of a ratio results in weaker concrete due to excess water leaving pores and cracks after curing.

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    Water Cement Ratio

    Uploaded by

    Prashant Pradhan
    1K views6 pages
    The water-cement ratio is the ratio of weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete mix. A lower ratio leads to higher strength and durability but may make the mix more difficult to place. While a ratio of 1:4 is needed for full hydration reaction, typical ratios of 35-40% are used with plasticizer due to placement issues. Too high of a ratio results in weaker concrete due to excess water leaving pores and cracks after curing.

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    The water-cement ratio is the ratio of weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete mix. A lower ratio leads to higher strength and durability but may make the mix more difficult to place. While a ratio of 1:4 is needed for full hydration reaction, typical ratios of 35-40% are used with plasticizer due to placement issues. Too high of a ratio results in weaker concrete due to excess water leaving pores and cracks after curing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views6 pages

    Water Cement Ratio

    Uploaded by

    Prashant Pradhan
    The water-cement ratio is the ratio of weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete mix. A lower ratio leads to higher strength and durability but may make the mix more difficult to place. While a ratio of 1:4 is needed for full hydration reaction, typical ratios of 35-40% are used with plasticizer due to placement issues. Too high of a ratio results in weaker concrete due to excess water leaving pores and cracks after curing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    WATER CEMENT RATIO

    INTRODUCTION
    Water-cement ratio is the ratio of weight of water to the weight of
    cement used in a concrete mix.
    It has an important influence on the quality of concrete produced.
    A lower water-cement ratio leads to higher strength and durability,
    but may make the mix more difficult to place.
    Placement difficulties can be resolved by using plasticizer.
    The water-cement ratio is independent of the total cement content
    (and the total water content) of a concrete mix.

    2 WATERCEMENT RATIO
    Often, the water to cement ratio is characterized as the water to
    cement plus pozzolan ratio, w/(c+p). The pozzolan is typically a fly ash, or
    blast furnace slag. It can include a number of other materials, such as silica
    fume, rice hull ash or natural pozzolans. The addition of pozzolans will
    influence the strength gain of the concrete.
    The concept of water-cement ratio was developed by Duff A. Abrams and first
    published in 1918.
    Concrete hardens as a result of the chemical reaction between cement and
    water (known as hydration). For every 4 lbs of cement, 1 lb of water is needed
    to fully complete the reaction. This results in a water-cement ratio of 1:4 or
    20% (1/1+4).



    3 WATERCEMENT RATIO
    In reality, a mix formed with 20% water is too dry and does not flow well
    enough to be placed, and some of the water is taken up by the sand and
    stone and is not available to participate in the hydration reaction.
    So more water is used than is technically necessary to react with the
    cement. More typical Water-Cement ratios of 35% to 40% are used, along
    with a plasticizer.
    Too much water will result in settling and segregation of the sand/stone
    components (more sand in the top layers because the stone will settle at the
    bottom).
    Also, any water that is not consumed by the hydration reaction will
    eventually leave the concrete as it hardens, resulting in microscopic pores
    or holes that will reduce the final strength of the concrete .
    CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 4
    For flatwork (driveways, steps, sidewalks, etc) an air-entrainment agent is added
    to create small bubbles in the concrete. This helps the finished, hardened concrete
    resist fracturing caused by freeze-thaw temperature cycling. Finished, hardened
    concrete can be as much as 6% air (by volume) because of this .
    And finally, a mix with too much water will experience more shrinkage as the
    excess water leaves, resulting in internal cracks and visible fractures (particularly
    around inside corners) which again will reduce the final strength.
    Anyone who has set wooden fence posts in concrete piers will probably notice
    cracks radiating from the corners of the post. This can be reduced by keeping the
    water to an absolute minimum.


    5 WATERCEMENT RATIO
    6 WATERCEMENT RATIO

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