Applets Programming: Enabling Application Delivery Via The Web

Applets Programming
Enabling Application Delivery

Via the Web
1
Introduction
 Applets are small Java programs that

are embedded in Web pages.
 They can be transported over the
Internet from one computer (web
server) to another (client computers).
 They transform web into rich media
and support the delivery of
applications via the Internet.
2
Applet: Making Web Interactive
and Application Delivery Media
1 2 3 4 5
APPLET hello.class Create Accessing The browser
Development AT SUN’S Applet from creates
“hello.java” WEB tag in Your Organisation a new
AT SERVER HTML window and
SUN.COM document a new thread
and
then runs the
code
Hello Java
<app=
“Hello”> The Internet
Hello
3
How Applets Differ from
Applications
 Although both the Applets and stand-alone applications are Java
programs, there are certain restrictions are imposed on Applets due
to security concerns:
 Applets don’t use the main() method, but when they are load, automatically call
certain methods (init, start, paint, stop, destroy).
 They are embedded inside a web page and executed in browsers.
 They cannot read from or write to the files on local computer.
 They cannot communicate with other servers on the network.
 They cannot run any programs from the local computer.
 They are restricted from using libraries from other languages.
 The above restrictions ensures that an Applet cannot do any damage
to the local system.
4
Building Applet Code: An
Example
//HelloWorldApplet.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
public class HelloWorldApplet extends Applet {

public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString ("Hello World of Java!",25,
25);
}
}
5
Embedding Applet in Web
Page
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Hello World Applet
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<body>
<h1>Hi, This is My First Java Applet on the Web!</h1>
<APPLET CODE="HelloWorldApplet.class" width=500 height=400>
</APPLET>
</body>
</HTML>
6
Accessing Web page (runs
Applet)
7
Applet Life Cycle
 Every applet inherits a set of default

behaviours from the Applet class. As a
result, when an applet is loaded, it
undergoes a series of changes in its state.
The applet states include:
 Initialisation – invokes init()
 Running – invokes start()
 Display – invokes paint()
 Idle – invokes stop()
 Dead/Destroyed State – invokes destroy()
8
Applet States
 Initialisation – invokes init() – only once
 Invoked when applet is first loaded.
 Running – invokes start() – more than once
 For the first time, it is called automatically by the system after
init() method execution.
 It is also invoked when applet moves from idle/stop() state to
active state. For example, when we return back to the Web page
after temporary visiting other pages.
 Display – invokes paint() - more than once
 It happens immediately after the applet enters into the running
state. It is responsible for displaying output.
 Idle – invokes stop() - more than once
 It is invoked when the applet is stopped from running. For
example, it occurs when we leave a web page.
 Dead/Destroyed State – invokes destroy() - only once
 This occurs automatically by invoking destroy() method when we
quite the browser.
9
Applet Life Cycle Diagram
init()
Begin Born
stop()
start()
Running Idle
destroy()
paint() start()
Dead End
10
Passing Parameters to Applet
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Hello World Applet
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<body>
<h1>Hi, This is My First Communicating Applet on the Web!</h1>
<APPLET
CODE="HelloAppletMsg.class" width=500 height=400>
<PARAM NAME="Greetings" VALUE="Hello Friend, How are you?">
</APPLET>
</body>
</HTML>
11
Applet Program Accepting
Parameters
//HelloAppletMsg.java
import java.awt.*;
public class HelloAppletMsg extends Applet {
String msg;
public void init()

{
msg = getParameter("Greetings");
if( msg == null)
msg = "Hello";
}
g.drawString (msg,10, 100);
}
} This is name of parameter specified in PARAM tag
This method returns the value of paramter.
12
HelloAppletMsg.html
13
What happen if we don’t pass
parameter? See
HelloAppletMsg1.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Hello World Applet
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<body>
<h1>Hi, This is My First Communicating Applet on the Web!</h1>
<APPLET
CODE="HelloAppletMsg.class" width=500 height=400>
</APPLET>
</body>
</HTML>
14
getParameter() returns null.
Some default value may be used.
15
Displaying Numeric Values
//SumNums.java
import java.awt.*;
public class SumNums extends Applet {

int num1 = 10;
int num2 = 20;
int sum = num1 + num2;
String str = "Sum: "+String.valueOf(sum);

g.drawString (str,100, 125);
}
}
16
SunNums.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Hello World Applet
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<body>
<h1>Sum of Numbers</h1>
<APPLET CODE="SumNums.class" width=500 height=400>
</APPLET>
</body>
</HTML>
17
Applet – Sum Numbers
18
Interactive Applets
 Applets work in a graphical environment.
Therefore, applets treats inputs as text strings.
 We need to create an area on the screen in
which use can type and edit input items.
 We can do this using TextField class of the
applet package.
 When data is entered, an event is generated.
This can be used to refresh the applet output
based on input values.
19
Interactive Applet Program..
(cont)
//SumNumsInteractive..java
import java.awt.*;
public class SumNumsInteractive extends Applet {

TextField text1, text2;
public void init()
{
text1 = new TextField(10);
text2 = new TextField(10);
text1.setText("0");
text2.setText("0");
add(text1);
add(text2);
}
int num1 = 0;
int num2 = 0;
int sum;
String s1, s2, s3;
g.drawString("Input a number in each box ", 10, 50);

try {
s1 = text1.getText();
num1 = Integer.parseInt(s1);
s2 = text2.getText();
num2 = Integer.parseInt(s2);
}
catch(Exception e1)
{}
20
Interactive Applet Program.
sum = num1 + num2;
String str = "THE SUM IS: "+String.valueOf(sum);
g.drawString (str,100, 125);
}
public boolean action(Event ev, Object obj)
{
repaint();
return true;
}
}
21
Interactive Applet Execution
22
Summary
 Applets are designed to operate in
Internet and Web environment. They
enable the delivery of applications via the
Web.
 This is demonstrate by things that we
learned in this lecture such as:
 How do applets differ from applications?
 Life cycles of applets
 How to design applets?
 How to execute applets?
 How to provide interactive inputs?
23

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Applets Programming

Enabling Application Delivery

 Applets are small Java programs that

public class HelloWorldApplet extends Applet {

 Every applet inherits a set of default

public class HelloAppletMsg extends Applet {

public void init()

public class SumNums extends Applet {

String str = "Sum: "+String.valueOf(sum);

public class SumNumsInteractive extends Applet {

g.drawString("Input a number in each box ", 10, 50);

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