Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 124 views

    Myasthenia Gravis

    Uploaded by

    Bintari Anindhita
    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is caused by an autoimmune response mediated by specific anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. This results in a reduction of available acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, impairing muscle activation. Symptoms include weakness that increases with repeated use of muscles and improves with rest. Ocular muscles are often initially affected, followed by oropharyngeal and limb muscles. Treatment focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppression, and thymectomy in some cases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Myasthenia Gravis

    Uploaded by

    Bintari Anindhita
    124 views17 pages
    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is caused by an autoimmune response mediated by specific anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. This results in a reduction of available acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, impairing muscle activation. Symptoms include weakness that increases with repeated use of muscles and improves with rest. Ocular muscles are often initially affected, followed by oropharyngeal and limb muscles. Treatment focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppression, and thymectomy in some cases.

    Original Description:

    myasthenia gravis, patophysiology

    Original Title

    Myasthenia Gravis.pptx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is caused by an autoimmune response mediated by specific anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. This results in a reduction of available acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, impairing muscle activation. Symptoms include weakness that increases with repeated use of muscles and improves with rest. Ocular muscles are often initially affected, followed by oropharyngeal and limb muscles. Treatment focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppression, and thymectomy in some cases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    124 views17 pages

    Myasthenia Gravis

    Uploaded by

    Bintari Anindhita
    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is caused by an autoimmune response mediated by specific anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. This results in a reduction of available acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, impairing muscle activation. Symptoms include weakness that increases with repeated use of muscles and improves with rest. Ocular muscles are often initially affected, followed by oropharyngeal and limb muscles. Treatment focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppression, and thymectomy in some cases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    KEPANITERAAN ILMU PENYAKIT SARAF RS PGI CIKINI

    PERIODE 24 Juni 2013 20 Juli 2013


    FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN INDONESIA
    JAKARTA

    Dosen Pembimbing :
    dr. Hophoptua N. Manurung, Sp.S

    Disusun oleh :
    Bintari Anindhita (09-58)

    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder
    characterized by weakness and fatigability of
    skeletal muscles.

    The underlying defect..

    antibody-mediated
    autoimmune attack
    acetylcholine receptors
    (AChRs) at neuromuscular
    junctions

    The neuromuscular abnormalities in MG are
    caused by an autoimmune response
    mediated by specific anti-AChR antibodies.

    There are 3 distinct mechanisms:
    Rapid endocytosis of the receptors
    Blockade of the active site of the achr
    Damage to the postsynaptic muscle membrane
    The thymus appears to play a role in autoimune
    response in MG
    The thymus is abnormal in ~75% of patients with MG
    In ~65% the thymus is hyperplastic, with the presence of
    active germinal centers detected histologically
    An additional 10% of patients have thymic tumors
    (thymomas).
    Muscle-like cells within the thymus (myoid cells),
    which bear AChRs on their surface, may serve as a
    source of autoantigen and trigger the autoimmune
    reaction within the thymus gland.
    Number of
    available ACHRs
    The
    postsynaptic
    folds are
    atrophic
    Efficiency of
    neuromuscular
    transmission
    Fail to trigger muscle
    action
    Potentials
    Weakness of muscle
    contraction
    Normally..
    The amount of ACh released per impulse declines
    on repeated activity (termed presynaptic
    rundown).
    In the myasthenic patient..
    Efficiency of
    neuromuscular
    transmission
    Normal
    rundown
    Activation of fewer and
    fewer muscle fibers by
    successive nerve
    impulses
    Increasing
    weakness, or
    myasthenic
    fatigue
    The cardinal features weakness and
    fatigability of muscles.
    The weakness increases during repeated use
    (fatigue) and may improve following rest or
    sleep.
    Exacerbations and remissions may occur,
    particularly during the first few years after
    the onset of the disease.
    Ocular muscles affected first in about 40% of patients
    and are ultimately involved in about 85% (Ocular MG)
    Ptosis
    Diplopia
    Weakness of facial or oropharyngeal muscles, resulting in:
    dysarthria,
    dysphagia, and
    limitation of facial movements.
    Together, oropharyngeal and ocular weakness cause
    symptoms in virtually all patients with acquired MG.
    In ~85% of patients, the weakness becomes generalized,
    affecting the limb muscles as well
    often proximal and
    may be asymmetric


    Generalized
    MG
    A. Ptosis
    B. Attempted gaze to
    the right.
    Only right eye
    abducts incompletely.
    C. Demonstrates
    proximal
    weakness upon
    attempt to
    raise the arms.
    D. Holding the arms
    and fingers extended
    the extensor muscles
    weaken and finger
    drop occurs
    Crisis occur in patients with oropharyngeal
    or respiratory muscle weakness.
    Provoked by..
    respiratory infection
    surgical procedures
    emotional stress
    systemic illness
    Anticholinestrase test
    Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
    First line of therapy
    Neostigmine bromide (Pyridostigmine)
    Edrophonium chloride (Tensilon)
    Immunosuppressive Therapy
    Prednisone
    Azathioprine


    Plasmapheresis
    Immunoglobulin Therapy
    Thymectomy

    Drachman, D. B. (2010). Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of
    the Neuromuscular Junction. In S. L. Hauser, & S. A. Josephson,
    Harrison's Neurology in Clinical Medicine (2 ed., pp. 559-566). The
    Mcgraw-Hill Companies.

    Goldenberg, W. D., & Shah, A. K. (2013, February 11). Myasthenia
    Gravis. (N. Lorenzo, Editor) Retrieved July 10, 2013, from
    Medscape Drugs, Diseases & Procedures:
    http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1171206-overview

    Penn, A. S., & Rowland, L. P. (2005). Myasthenia Gravis. In L. P.
    Rowland, Merritt's Neurology (11 ed.). Lippincott Williams &
    Wilkins.

    You might also like