Structure and Position of Tooth and Teeth (Powerpoint)
Structure and Position of Tooth and Teeth (Powerpoint)
Structure and Position of Tooth and Teeth (Powerpoint)
Tooth
Structure of Tooth
Tooth is divided into three parts: the crown, the neck, and the root. The
crown is the visible part of the tooth above the gum. The neck is just below
the gum line. The part of the tooth that we can see is covered with enamel,
which is the hardest substance in the body. The only naturally occurring
substance harder than enamel is a diamond.
People have two sets of teeth during their life. First, they have 20 primary
teeth also called baby teeth that are usually in by age three. These fall
out, and permanent teeth starts developing around age six. By the time
people are fully-grown, they have 32 permanent teeth.
Enamel The hard outer layer of the crown. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body.
Dentine Not as hard as enamel, forms the bulk of the tooth and can be sensitive if the
protection of the enamel is lost.
Pulp Soft tissue containing the blood and nerve supply to the tooth. The pulp extends from
the crown to the tip of the root.
Cementum The layer of bone-like tissue covering the root. It is not as hard as enamel.
Periodontal ligament: Made up of thousands of fibres which fasten the cementum to the
bony socket. These fibres anchor the tooth to the jaw bone and act as shock absorbers for
the tooth which is subjected to heavy forces during chewing.
Gingivae (gums): Soft tissue that immediately surrounds the teeth and bone. It protects the
bone and the roots of the teeth and provides an easily lubricated surface.
Bone: Provides a socket to surround and support the roots of the teeth.
Nerves and blood supply: Each tooth and periodontal ligament has a nerve supply and the
teeth are sensitive to a wide variety of stimuli. The blood supply is necessary to maintain the
vitality of the tooth.
Permanent teeth have an important role in preparing the food for use in the
body. The incisors (the sharp front teeth) cut the food, the canines or cuspids
(pointed teeth) tear the food into smaller pieces, the premolars (teeth with
double points) tear and crush the foods and the molars (the large teeth with
several rounded points) grind the food into bits.
Tooth also called caries is usually started by the action on the outside of the
teeth of acid produced by bacteria feeding mostly on sugary foods and sweet
we eat.
This has several stages consist of a sticky film of bacteria and other microorganisms, together with materials from the saliva and foods we eat.
This is relatively easy to remove by brushing, and can be felt by the tongue.
However, it is important not to overdo brushing, or else the gums may recede,
so that the cement of the roots is exposed. Toothpaste contains mildly
abrasive compound and the surfaced ay be damaged.