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    Superelevation

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    Dumdum7
    This document discusses superelevation and methods for determining superelevation transition lengths on circular curves and spirals. It defines terms like superelevation, runout, runoff, and reverse crown. It provides the maximum allowed superelevation rates in New York of 8% for rural roads, 6% for suburban, and 4% for urban. It describes how to use design speed, superelevation rate, and radius to determine transition lengths from tables and exhibits in the Highway Design Manual. An example problem is included to demonstrate how to calculate runoff, runout, and draw a diagram of the transition lengths.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Superelevation

    Uploaded by

    Dumdum7
    609 views28 pages
    This document discusses superelevation and methods for determining superelevation transition lengths on circular curves and spirals. It defines terms like superelevation, runout, runoff, and reverse crown. It provides the maximum allowed superelevation rates in New York of 8% for rural roads, 6% for suburban, and 4% for urban. It describes how to use design speed, superelevation rate, and radius to determine transition lengths from tables and exhibits in the Highway Design Manual. An example problem is included to demonstrate how to calculate runoff, runout, and draw a diagram of the transition lengths.

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    SUPER-E

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    Superelevation.ppt

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    This document discusses superelevation and methods for determining superelevation transition lengths on circular curves and spirals. It defines terms like superelevation, runout, runoff, and reverse crown. It provides the maximum allowed superelevation rates in New York of 8% for rural roads, 6% for suburban, and 4% for urban. It describes how to use design speed, superelevation rate, and radius to determine transition lengths from tables and exhibits in the Highway Design Manual. An example problem is included to demonstrate how to calculate runoff, runout, and draw a diagram of the transition lengths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    609 views28 pages

    Superelevation

    Uploaded by

    Dumdum7
    This document discusses superelevation and methods for determining superelevation transition lengths on circular curves and spirals. It defines terms like superelevation, runout, runoff, and reverse crown. It provides the maximum allowed superelevation rates in New York of 8% for rural roads, 6% for suburban, and 4% for urban. It describes how to use design speed, superelevation rate, and radius to determine transition lengths from tables and exhibits in the Highway Design Manual. An example problem is included to demonstrate how to calculate runoff, runout, and draw a diagram of the transition lengths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Superelevation

    CTC 440

    Objectives
    Know how to determine superelevation transitions

    on simple circular curves and spirals


    Know how to use maximum relative gradients to
    determine superelevation length transitions

    Superelevation
    Used to partially overcome the centrifugal

    force on a vehicle as it goes around a curve


    Transition lengths are needed to change the
    cross slope from normal crown to full bank
    and then back down to normal crown
    In New York State the allowed maximum
    superelevation rates are:
    Rural and interstates/freeways 8%
    Suburban 6%
    Urban 4%

    Methods
    There are various methods for transitioning

    pavement from normal crown to a superelevated


    section
    The most common method is to rotate the
    pavement around the centerline (which is also the
    HCL and TGL)

    Runout
    Runout is the distance used to change the section

    from normal crown to where the adverse crown is


    removed (to level)

    Runoff
    Runoff is the distance used to change the section

    from where the adverse crown is removed (to level)


    to the point where full superelevation is achieved
    Runoff length is also the length of spiral length
    Refer to Exhibit 5-15 to get the length (function of e,
    design speed and number of lanes rotated) but first
    you must determine e

    Reverse Crown
    The point at which the whole pavement is sloped at

    2% (in the direction of the superelevation)

    Spirals
    Runout occurs before the TS (on the tangent) and

    after the ST
    Runoff occurs on length of spiral
    There is full superelevation between the SC and
    CS

    Circular Curves
    Runout also occurs on the tangent
    0.7*Runoff occurs before the PC and after the PT
    0.3*Runoff occurs on the curve (right after the PC

    and right before the PT).


    The circular arc is not fully superelevated
    because part of the transition falls on the curve

    Determining Superelevation Rate,


    e
    Use Exhibits 2-11 through 2-14 (English)

    or Exhibits MT 2-11 through MT 2-14 (Metric)


    2-11 (low-speed urban streets)
    2-12 (emax=4%)
    2-13 (emax=6%)
    2-14 (emax=8%)

    Function of design speed, emax and radius

    Runoff
    Refer to Exhibit 5-15 of HDM to get the length

    (function of e, design speed and number of lanes


    rotated)
    Runoff length is also the length of spiral

    Determining Runout Lengths


    Rout=(Roff*NC)/e

    NC is normal crown (usually 2%)


    e is the superelevation rate (%)

    Basic steps
    Determine e, Roff

    Calculate Rout
    For circular curves calculate 30% and 70% of Roff
    Draw diagram working back and forth from the

    PC/PT or TS/SC

    Example
    Last existing curve of Paris Hill project

    Design speed=100 km/hr


    Emax=8%
    Radius=590 m
    PC STA 4+340.78
    PT STA 4+901.88
    Curves to the RT

    Step 1 (find e, runoff, runout)


    e= (7%) (table M2-134)---see next slide

    Roff= 57 m (Exhibit 5-15)---see following slide


    Rout=(Roff)(NC)/e=(57m)*(2%)/7%=16 m

    Step 2 (.7 & .3 Roff)


    0.3*57m=17m

    0.7*57m=40m

    Step 3
    Draw
    Diagram

    Other pavement transitions


    Sometimes it makes more sense to transition

    directly from one curve to another


    Can determine minimum length of transition by
    using a maximum relative gradient (Exhibit 5-12
    of HDM and equation on page 5.7.3.3)

    Equation Variables
    Lr=transition length

    w=pavement width
    ed=% change in super rate
    n=# of lanes
    bw=adjustment factor
    n*bw factor is combined see HDM page 5-59
    =maximum relative gradient from HDM Table 5-

    4 (in %); it is a function of design speed

    Example-minimum transition lengths


    A county road- reverse curves 2% rt & 3% lt

    Design speed = 40 km/hr


    2 lanes-3.6 m in width
    What is the minimum transition length for

    superelevating directly from 2% to 3%

    Example of
    determining
    minimum
    transition
    lengths using
    maximum
    relative
    gradient

    Minimum transition length


    Lr=w*ed*(n*bw)]/

    w*ed= y=0.18 m
    n*bw=1 (since only 1 lane is superelevated)
    =0.7%
    Lr=26 m (compare to exh. 5-15; 40km/hr; .05)

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