Industrial Revolution

Setting the Stage
0 In the United States, France, and Latin
America, political revolutions brought in

new governments.
0 A different type of revolution now greatly
transformed the way people worked.
0 This new way of working will be known as
the Industrial Revolution.
Industrial Revolution
0 Industrial Revolution- the increased output of
machine-made goods that began in England in

the middle 1700s.
0 Before the Industrial Revolution, people made
clothes, blankets, pillows, etc. by hands.
0 Then, machines began to do this and other
jobs.
Why it starts in England?

0 In addition to a large population of workers,
the small island country had extensive

natural resources.
0 In addition to its natural resources, Britain
had an expanding economy to support
industrialization.
0 Industrialization- the process of developing
machine production of goods.
Birth of machines
0 Britains political stability gave the country a
tremendous advantage over everyone else.

0 In addition to that, Britains textile industry
clothed the world in wool, linen, and cotton.
0 Businessmen raised profits by speeding up
the process by which weavers made cloth.
Birth of Factories!
0 Wealthy clothing businessmen set up the
machines in large buildings called factories.

0 Factories needed waterpower, so the first ones
were built near rivers and streams.
Steam Engines are born

0 Progress in the textile industry spurred other
industrial improvements.
0 The first such development, the steam engine,
stemmed from the search for a cheap
convenient source of power.
0 The steam engine was the source of power
during the Industrial Revolution.
0 Without it, the Industrial Revolution would not have been
possible.
Steam engine on wheels

0 A steam engine on wheels (trains) drove
English industry after 1820.

0 Railroads gave growth by giving a cheap way to
transport goods.
0 Railroad created thousands of new jobs for
railroad workers.
Steam engine on wheels cont.

0 Third, the railroads boosted Englands
agricultural and fishing industries.

0 Finally, by making travel easier, railroads
encouraged country people to take distant
city jobs.
0 After a few years, the Industrial Revolution
brought rapid changes to peoples lives.
New changes in Europe

0 The Industrial Revolution affected every
part of life in Great Britain.

0 The change to machine production initially
caused human suffering.
0 Growth caused unhealthy working
conditions and terrible pollution.
Urbanization
0 For centuries, most Europeans had lived in
rural areas.
0 After 1800, the balance shifted toward cities.
0 This was a period of urbanization.
0 Urbanization- city building and the movement
of people to cities.
Living Conditions
0 Because Englands cities grew rapidly, they
had no development plans, sanitary codes, or

building codes.
0 England lacked proper housing and police
protection for the people who sought for
jobs.
Working Conditions
0 To increase production, factory owners wanted
to keep machines running as long as possible.

0 As a result, the average worker spent 14 hours a
day at the job, 6 days a week.
0 Imagine being in school from 8:25am10:25pm Monday-Saturday!
0 Women and children were employed because
they were a cheap source of labor.
Birth of Assembly Lines

0 Since conditions were horrible, work was not a
fun process
0 During the Industrial Revolution, quantity
became more important than quality.
0 Thus, the assembly line was born.
Class Tensions Grow

0 The Industrial Revolution created enormous
amounts of wealth in the nation.

0 Most of this new money belonged to factory
owners and businessmen.
0 These people were part of the growing middle
class.
0 Kind of like the bourgeoisie
0 These people enjoyed a comfortable standard
of living.
Growth of Entrepreneurs
0 The great businessmen of the Industrial
Revolution were called entrepreneurs.

0 Entrepreneur- a person who organizes,
manages, and takes on the risk of a business.
The Rise of Corporations
0 Building large businesses required a great
deal of money.
0 To raise money, entrepreneurs sold shares of
stock.
0 Stock- rights of ownership over a business.
0 People who bought stock became part
owners of corporations.
0 Corporation- a business owned by
stockholders who share in its profits.

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Setting the Stage

0 In the United States, France, and Latin

America, political revolutions brought in

machine-made goods that began in England in

Why it starts in England?

the small island country had extensive

tremendous advantage over everyone else.

machines in large buildings called factories.

Steam Engines are born

Steam engine on wheels

English industry after 1820.

Steam engine on wheels cont.

agricultural and fishing industries.

New changes in Europe

part of life in Great Britain.

had no development plans, sanitary codes, or

to keep machines running as long as possible.

Birth of Assembly Lines

Class Tensions Grow

amounts of wealth in the nation.

0 These people enjoyed a comfortable standard

Revolution were called entrepreneurs.

The Rise of Corporations

0 Building large businesses required a great

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