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CGS - 1100 Introduction To Computer Applications

This document provides an overview of computer concepts and components. It defines what a computer is and discusses the history and evolution of modern computers from the Mark 1, which was 30 times faster than pencil and paper, to ENIAC, which was 50,000 times faster than a human. It also covers general computer vocabulary like bits, bytes, and measurement units. Additionally, it outlines the basic components of a computer system including input, storage, processing, and output. Finally, it discusses different types of computers, hardware and software components, computer networks and configurations, and local and wide area networks.

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alif perdana
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55 views

CGS - 1100 Introduction To Computer Applications

This document provides an overview of computer concepts and components. It defines what a computer is and discusses the history and evolution of modern computers from the Mark 1, which was 30 times faster than pencil and paper, to ENIAC, which was 50,000 times faster than a human. It also covers general computer vocabulary like bits, bytes, and measurement units. Additionally, it outlines the basic components of a computer system including input, storage, processing, and output. Finally, it discusses different types of computers, hardware and software components, computer networks and configurations, and local and wide area networks.

Uploaded by

alif perdana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CGS 1100

Introduction to Computer
Applications
Computer Concepts

Computer System Component


Computer: A programmable electronic
device that can store, retrieve, and
process data.
The word Computer emerged during
WWII, people who operated desk
calculators were called: Computers.

History of the Modern


Computer
Human: Could add a two 10 digit number in 10 seconds, with
Calculator, in 4 Seconds.
Mark 1: Also called Harvard Mark 1 Could add two 10digit numbers in about 0.3 seconds. 30 times faster than
Pencil and paper.
ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. The
world's first electronic digital computer was developed by
Army Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firing
Tables. Could add the same in 0.0002 seconds, 50,000 times
faster than a human, and 1,500 times faster than the Mark 1.

General Vocabulary
and Units

Bit: "Binary digIT" Computers happen to operate using


the base-2 number system, also known as the binary
number system ( 0, 1)
Byte: 8-bit collections (single, double precision)
Digital: Send Receive 0s and 1s
Analog: AM - FM
Hertz: Unit of Frequency
Kilo-Hertz: 1000 Cycles
Mega-Hertz: 1 million Cycles
Giga-Hertz: 1 Billion Cycles

Components of a
Computer System
Computer

Hardware
Motherboard
Floppy
Hard Drive

Software
Operating System
Office 2003
Internet Explorer

Components of a
Computer System

Storage

Input

Information
Processing
Cycle
Output

Process

Components of a
Computer System

Input

Process

Storage

Output

Types of Computer
Supercomputer

Minicomputer

Computers

Microcomputer

Mainframe

Types of Computer
Microcomputer

Desktop

Laptop /
Notebook

PDA
Personal Digital
Assistant

Hardware Devices
Input Device
Storage
Device
Printer
Output Device
Peripheral

System Unit

Input Device

Monitor
Output Device
Peripheral

Memory
Memory

RAM

ROM

SRAM

PROM

DRAM

EPROM

Memory
Random Access Memory
SRAM: Static RAM
DRAM: Dynamic RAM

Read Only Memory


EPROM: Erasable Programmable ROM
PROM: Programmable ROM

Memory Size in MB
1 MB
2 MB
4 MB
8 MB
16 MB
32 MB
64 MB
128 MB

256 MB
512 MB
1024 MB

Extra Points: What mathematical equation


describes the pattern?

Monitors

Output device,
Soft-Copy Output
Resolution is given by the amount of
Pixels
Two categories: CRT (Cathode Ray
Tubes) and LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display)

Printers

Output Devices
Hard Copy Output
Resolution is given in dsi. Dots per
Inch.
Two Categories: Laser (B&W, Color)
uses Toner. Inkjet (Color) uses ink
cartridges.

Types of Software and Their


Uses
Operating System Software (OS): Tell the
computer how to work and what to do.
Windows, Linux and Macintosh.
Driver: Software that tells a hardware
component how to work.

Application Software: Accomplish a task


Using a computer. Word, Excel, PowerPoint

Networks and Configuration

Computer Network: Two or more


computer connected in some way in
order to share their resources.
Bus Network,
Star Network,
Ring Network.

Network Vocabulary

Server/Host:
Client/Workstation:
Topology:

Star Network

A star network is a local area network (LAN)


in which all nodes (workstations or other
devices) are directly connected to a
common central computer. Every
workstation is indirectly connected to every
other through the central computer. In
some star networks, the central computer
can also operate as a workstation.

Bus Network

A bus network is an arrangement in a


local area network (LAN) in which
each node (workstation or other
device) is connected to a main cable
or link called the bus.

Ring Network

A ring network is a local area network (LAN)


in which the nodes (workstations or other
devices) are connected in a closed loop
configuration. Adjacent pairs of nodes are
directly connected. Other pairs of nodes are
indirectly connected, the data passing
through one or more intermediate nodes.

Local Area Network

A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers


and associated devices that share a common
communications line or wireless link and typically
share the resources of a single processor or server
within a small geographic area (for example, within
an office building). Usually, the server has
applications and data storage that are shared in
common by multiple computer users. A local area
network may serve as few as two or three users
(for example, in a home network) or as many as
thousands of users

Wide Area Network

A wide area network or WAN is a computer


network covering a wide geographical area,
involving a vast array of computers. WANs are used
to connect local area networks (LANs) together, so
that users and computers in one location can
communicate with users and computers in other
locations.

Test 1

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