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    Coarse Aggregate

    Uploaded by

    marcelo_vargas_61
    This document discusses test methods for evaluating the quality of coarse aggregates used in concrete and asphalt. It describes tests for measuring deleterious materials, particle shape (including angularity, flatness and elongation), surface texture, toughness, and durability to weathering. Specific tests covered include the Los Angeles abrasion test, Micro-Deval abrasion test, percent fractured faces, uncompacted voids content, soundness tests involving freezing and thawing or sulfate exposure, and aggregate durability index. The goals of these tests are to evaluate properties like strength, resistance to impact and abrasion, and durability in paving applications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Coarse Aggregate

    Uploaded by

    marcelo_vargas_61
    235 views53 pages
    This document discusses test methods for evaluating the quality of coarse aggregates used in concrete and asphalt. It describes tests for measuring deleterious materials, particle shape (including angularity, flatness and elongation), surface texture, toughness, and durability to weathering. Specific tests covered include the Los Angeles abrasion test, Micro-Deval abrasion test, percent fractured faces, uncompacted voids content, soundness tests involving freezing and thawing or sulfate exposure, and aggregate durability index. The goals of these tests are to evaluate properties like strength, resistance to impact and abrasion, and durability in paving applications.

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    Coarse_aggregate.ppt

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    This document discusses test methods for evaluating the quality of coarse aggregates used in concrete and asphalt. It describes tests for measuring deleterious materials, particle shape (including angularity, flatness and elongation), surface texture, toughness, and durability to weathering. Specific tests covered include the Los Angeles abrasion test, Micro-Deval abrasion test, percent fractured faces, uncompacted voids content, soundness tests involving freezing and thawing or sulfate exposure, and aggregate durability index. The goals of these tests are to evaluate properties like strength, resistance to impact and abrasion, and durability in paving applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    235 views53 pages

    Coarse Aggregate

    Uploaded by

    marcelo_vargas_61
    This document discusses test methods for evaluating the quality of coarse aggregates used in concrete and asphalt. It describes tests for measuring deleterious materials, particle shape (including angularity, flatness and elongation), surface texture, toughness, and durability to weathering. Specific tests covered include the Los Angeles abrasion test, Micro-Deval abrasion test, percent fractured faces, uncompacted voids content, soundness tests involving freezing and thawing or sulfate exposure, and aggregate durability index. The goals of these tests are to evaluate properties like strength, resistance to impact and abrasion, and durability in paving applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 53

    Coarse Aggregates

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    Deleterious Materials
    ASTM C142

    Mass percentage of contaminants such as


    clay lumps, shale, wood, mica, and coal
    Test
    Wet sieving agg. size fraction over
    specified sieves
    Mass lost = % contaminants
    Range from 0.2% to 10%, depending upon
    contaminant
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    Coarse Aggregate Angularity

    Historical
    Currently used or recommended
    Advanced topics

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    Coarse Agg. Angularity

    Traditional and Newly Recommended


    Particle Index
    Flat and elongated
    Percent crushed faces
    Uncompacted voids

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    Particle Index
    ASTM D3398

    Vol. of voids between packed, uniform-size


    aggregate particles indicate combined effect of
    shape, angularity and surface texture
    203 mm (8 in), 152 mm (6 in), 102 mm (4 in), 76
    mm (3 in), and 51 mm (2 in) diameter mold
    Blows on each of three layers 50 mm above
    surface
    Ia = 1.25 V10 - 0.25 V50 - 32.0
    Particle index increases with angularity
    Ia weighted on basis of % of each fraction
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    Flat and Elongated Particles

    ASTM D4791
    Flat
    Elongated
    Total flat and elongated
    Superpave
    Flat or Elongated
    Maximum to minimum dimension
    1:5
    1:3
    1:2

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    Flat and Elongated Particles


    Max : min

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    Semi-Automated
    Flat and Elongated

    Martin Marietta has developed semi-automated method


    Digital Height
    Caliber
    Computer for data
    acquisition and
    analysis program

    Handle for
    raising and
    lowering foot
    Foot and
    base plate
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    Nord Jaws

    Place agg under foot in largest dimension


    Step on foot pedal to enter data
    Rotate agg to least dimension
    Step on foot pedal again to enter least
    Place aggregate particle in appropriate ratio
    bowl
    Separates agg into 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    Nord Jaws

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    10

    Nord Jaws

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    11

    Percent Fractured Faces


    ASTM D5821

    Aggregate

    Retained on 4.75 mm (#4)


    Fractured = min 25% of area
    Clean, well-defined edges
    Can specify
    1 or more fractured faces
    2 or more fractured faces

    Coarse Aggregates

    12

    Percent Fractured Faces


    ASTM D5821
    0% Crushed

    Aggregate

    2 or More
    Fractured Faces

    Coarse Aggregates

    13

    Coarse Aggregate Angularity


    HMA 1995
    1 Fractured Face:
    30 States with requirements
    Range from 40 (Ohio) to 100 (Utah)
    2 Fractured Faces:
    13 States with requirements
    Range from 30 (all mixes, AZ) to
    100 (Surface, IN)
    Usually designated for either high quality HMA
    or wearing courses
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    14

    Uncompacted Voids
    AASHTO TP 56

    Up-scaled version of the fine aggregate


    angularity test discussed in preceding
    sections
    Two methods can be used
    Standard gradation (Method A)
    Each sieve size (Method B)

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    15

    Uncompacted Voids
    AASHTO TP 56

    Method A

    Pass

    Retained

    19 mm

    12.5 m

    19 mm
    12.5 mm
    9.5 mm

    12.5 mm
    9.5 mm
    4.75 mm

    1,740
    1,090
    2,170

    ----1,970
    3,030

    Method B
    Uses 5,000 grams of each fraction, tested
    individually
    A weighted average is used to combine
    results
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    16

    Uncompacted Voids in
    Coarse Aggregate

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    17

    Uncompacted Voids in
    Coarse Aggregate

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    18

    Uncompacted Voids in
    Coarse Aggregate

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    19

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    20

    Image Analysis

    University of Arkansas
    Aggregate spread on glass plate
    High resolution video camera
    Modern digital imaging hardware,
    analysis techniques and computer
    analysis used
    Uses two parameters
    EAPP
    Roughness Index

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    21

    Toughness
    Degradation due to handling, construction, and in-service

    Traditional or newly recommended


    Los Angeles Abrasion
    Micro-Deval

    Advanced topics
    Aggregate Impact Value
    Aggregate Crushing Value
    Gyratory Compactor

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    22

    LA Abrasion
    ASTM C131

    Step 1: prepare specific agg gradation

    Passing
    37.5 mm
    25.0 mm
    19.0 mm
    12.5 mm
    9.5 mm
    6.3 mm
    4.75 mm

    Retained
    25.0 mm
    19.0 mm
    12.5 mm
    9.5 mm
    6.3 mm
    4.75 mm
    2.36 mm

    No. Steel Balls


    Aggregate

    A
    1,250
    1,250
    1,250
    1,200
    -------

    B
    ----2,500
    2,500
    -------

    12
    Coarse Aggregates

    11

    C
    --------2,500
    2,500
    --8

    D
    -----------5,000
    6
    23

    LA Abrasion

    Step 2: Rotate for 500 revolutions at 30 to 33 rpms

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    24

    LA Abrasion (ASTM C131)

    Step 3. Empty cylinder, remove balls, and make


    preliminary separation of agg on 1.70 mm (No. 12) sieve

    Steel balls need to


    be removed
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    25

    LA Abrasion (ASTM C131)

    Step 4: Wash material retained on No. 12 sieve,


    dry to constant weight, and determine dry
    (cooled) mass

    % Loss = (original wt final wt) x 100


    original wt

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    26

    Good

    Fair

    Poor

    Source 15 had poor performance due to rutting and bleeding


    This would not be related to toughness
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    27

    Micro Deval Abrasion Test

    One of two gradations can be used

    19.0 to 9.5 mm
    Sieve Size
    Amount
    Pass
    Retained
    Retained
    19.0
    16.0 mm
    375 g
    16.0
    13.2 mm
    375 g
    13.2
    9.5 mm
    750 g
    9.5
    6.7 mm
    ------6.7
    4.75 mm
    -------

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    3.2 to 4.75 mm
    Amount
    Retained
    -----375 g
    750 g
    375 g
    375 g

    28

    Micro Deval Abrasion Test


    Step 1: Dry, weighed sample with 2-L water
    for 1 hour
    Step 2: Sample and water with 5,000 g steel
    balls into jar; roll at 100 rpms for 2 hours
    Step 3: Wash sample and balls out of jar
    over stacked 4.75 and 1.18 mm sieves
    Step 4: Combine material from both sieves
    and dry to constant mass at 110oC
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    29

    Micro Deval Abrasion Test

    Steel jar

    Small steel balls

    Aggregate in water

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    30

    Micro Deval Abrasion Test


    Step 5: Calculate loss
    %Loss = (Orig. wt Dry wt. after) x 100
    Orig. wt

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    31

    Criteria = 18%

    Good

    Aggregate

    Fair

    Coarse Aggregates

    Poor

    32

    Micro Deval Abrasion Test

    Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) has:


    Standardized equipment
    Reference materials for calibration
    12% loss for 19 to 9.5 mm
    14.5% loss for 13.2 to 4.72 mm

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    33

    Gyratory Compactor

    0.6 MPa (87 psi), 1.25o angle, 30 rpm/min


    Can be use with just coarse, fine, or blend
    Gradation before and after specified numbers of gyrations
    Differences can be analyzed for given particle sizes
    Research indicates changes in % passing 4.75 mm (No. 4)
    good indicator

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    34

    Gyratory Compactor

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    35

    Soundness

    Evaluates coarse aggregate resistance


    to weathering (freeze/thaw)
    Most common methods
    Sodium or magnesium sulfate
    AASHTO T104

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    36

    Soundness Test Method


    AASHTO T104

    Repeated immersions in sodium or


    magnesium sulfate
    Followed by oven drying
    Salts precipitate in permeable voids
    during drying
    Salt expands and contracts with wet/dry
    cycling
    Simulates in-service weathering of agg.
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    37

    Soundness Test Method


    AASHTO T104

    Aggregates prepared for soaking and


    drying

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    38

    Soundness Test Method


    AASHTO T104

    Aggregates soaked then transferred to


    oven to dry
    1 cycle = one soak + one dry
    5 cycles to 30 cycles used
    5 to 10 most common

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    39

    Soundness Test Method


    AASHTO T104

    Aggregate rinsed at the end of the test

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    40

    Soundness Test Method


    AASHTO T104

    The rinse water is checked to determine


    when salts are removed
    Water is not cloudy when tested

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    41

    Soundness Test Method


    AASHTO T104

    Oven dry after rinsing


    Conduct sieve analysis to determine
    change in gradation

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    42

    Soundness
    AASHTO T104

    After

    Before
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    43

    Soundness

    Advanced Topics
    Aggregate Durability Index
    ASTM C88 (AASHTO T210)
    Soundness by freezing and thawing
    AASHTO T103
    Canadian Freeze/Thaw Test

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    44

    Aggregate Durability Index


    ASTM D3744

    Resistance to producing clay-like fines


    when aggregates are subjected to
    mechanical agitation in the presence of
    water
    Especially suitable for basalt type
    aggregates containing interstitial
    montmorillonite

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    45

    Aggregate Durability Index


    ASTM D3744

    Step 1: Washed and dried aggregate agitated


    in mechanical washing vessel for 10 min.
    (photo to be added)

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    46

    Aggregate Durability Index


    ASTM D3744

    Step 2: Wash water and minus 0.075 mm


    fines collected and mixed with stock
    calcium chloride solution

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    47

    Aggregate Durability Index


    ASTM D3744

    Step 3: After 20 min of sedimentation,


    level read and height of level used to
    calculate the durability index

    Dc = 30.3 + 20.8 cot(02.29 + 0.15 H)


    Test method provides table of solutions for
    H in increments of 0.5 mm
    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    48

    Freezing and Thawing


    (AASHTO T103)

    Aggregate washed, dried, and separated


    into individual fractions
    3 methods for saturation

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    49

    Freezing and Thawing


    (AASHTO T103)

    Method A
    Aggregates soaked in water for 24 hr
    Samples remained completely immersed
    during freezing and thawing
    50 cycles typical

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    50

    Freezing and Thawing


    (AASHTO T103)

    Method B
    Aggregates soaked and subjected to vacuum
    of not over 25.4 mm (1 in) of mercury
    Penetration of water increased by using 0.5%
    by mass solution of ethyl alcohol and water
    Sample frozen/thawed in alcohol-water
    solution
    6 cycles typical

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    51

    Freezing and Thawing


    (AASHTO T103)

    Method C
    Same as B except no alcohol is used
    25 cycles typical

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    52

    QUESTIONS?

    Aggregate

    Coarse Aggregates

    53

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