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    Pulmonary Function Tests

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    MohamedSalah
    This document summarizes pulmonary function tests, including both static and dynamic tests. Static tests measure lung volumes and include measurements of minute respiratory volume, effective pulmonary ventilation, dead space, and lung volumes and capacities like tidal volume and vital capacity. Dynamic tests measure lung function during forced exhalation and include maximal voluntary ventilation, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume, and peak expiratory flow rate. The tests can help distinguish between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases based on patterns of test results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Pulmonary Function Tests

    Uploaded by

    MohamedSalah
    994 views20 pages
    This document summarizes pulmonary function tests, including both static and dynamic tests. Static tests measure lung volumes and include measurements of minute respiratory volume, effective pulmonary ventilation, dead space, and lung volumes and capacities like tidal volume and vital capacity. Dynamic tests measure lung function during forced exhalation and include maximal voluntary ventilation, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume, and peak expiratory flow rate. The tests can help distinguish between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases based on patterns of test results.

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    This document summarizes pulmonary function tests, including both static and dynamic tests. Static tests measure lung volumes and include measurements of minute respiratory volume, effective pulmonary ventilation, dead space, and lung volumes and capacities like tidal volume and vital capacity. Dynamic tests measure lung function during forced exhalation and include maximal voluntary ventilation, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume, and peak expiratory flow rate. The tests can help distinguish between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases based on patterns of test results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    994 views20 pages

    Pulmonary Function Tests

    Uploaded by

    MohamedSalah
    This document summarizes pulmonary function tests, including both static and dynamic tests. Static tests measure lung volumes and include measurements of minute respiratory volume, effective pulmonary ventilation, dead space, and lung volumes and capacities like tidal volume and vital capacity. Dynamic tests measure lung function during forced exhalation and include maximal voluntary ventilation, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume, and peak expiratory flow rate. The tests can help distinguish between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases based on patterns of test results.

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    Pulmonary Function

    Tests

    Dr. Nisreen Mansour

    Pulmonary Functions Tests

    I- Static Tests

    1- MRV

    2- EPV

    3- Dead Space

    4- Lung
    volumes
    & Capacities
    Dr. Nisreen
    Manso

    II- Dynamic Tests

    Maximal voluntary ventilation; MVV

    Timed vital capacity; FVC

    Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; PEFR

    I- Static Tests
    Describe

    change in volume of the


    lungs during 1 breathe

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    I- Static Tests
    1-

    Minute Respiratory Volume


    (MRV)
    Volume of air that enters into the lung in 1
    min.
    = Tidal volume x Resp. rate
    = 500 ml x 16 = 8 L/min

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    2- Effective Pulmonary
    Ventilation (E.P.V)
    The volume of air that actually undergoes

    gas exchange in the alveoli with the


    pulmonary capillaries = 350 ml of 500 ml
    that represent Tidal volume
    Thus, E.P.V or Alveolar ventilation
    = 350 ml x 16/min
    =5.6 L/min
    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    The difference in volume between MRV &

    EPV that = 500-350= 150 ml


    Why calculating the alveolar ventilation is
    important?
    Because some diseases can affect EPV but
    not the MRV

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    3- Dead Space
    The space that contains the volume of air

    that dose not undergo gas exchange


    Dead space is filled with inhaled air at the
    end of inspiration & with alveolar air at the
    end of expiration
    Types of Dead space:
    Anatomical; conducting zone of resp.tract
    Physiological; non-functioning or partly
    functioning alveoli
    Physiological DS = anatomical D.S + nonfunctioning alveoli
    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    4- Lung Volumes &


    Capacities
    Spirometry is measuring

    lung volumes & capacities


    (except RV, FRC).
    The device is spirometer
    Spirometry
    - gives a preliminary idea
    about lung functions
    - Assessment of
    bronchodilator treatment
    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    Lung Volumes
    1- Tidal volume
    = 500 ml
    2- Inspiratory Reserve volume
    = 3000 ml
    3- Expiratory Reserve volume
    = 1000 ml
    4- **Residual Volume (what is its significance?)
    = 1200 ml
    5- Minimal Air
    (1st breath air; of medicolegal
    Dr. importance)
    Nisreen Manso

    Spirogram; record of Lung Volumes & Capacities

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    Lung Capacities
    1- Inspiratory Capacity
    =TV+IRV=500+3000= 3500 ml
    2- Expiratory Capacity
    = TV+ERV= 500+1000 = 1500 ml
    3- Functional Residual Capacity
    = volume remaining in lungs after normal
    expiration = RV+ERV = 1200+1000
    = 2200 ml
    4- Vital capacity
    = TV+IRV+ERV=500+3000+1000
    = 4500 ml
    5- Total lung capacity
    = VC+RV= 4500+1200
    Dr. Nisreen Manso
    = 5700 ml

    Vital Capacity

    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.

    Def.
    Factors affecting VC:
    Posture
    Abdominal content
    Respiratory muscles
    Thoracic wall
    Resistance to airflow
    Lung elasticity
    Pulmonary blood volume

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    Chest

    Lung

    II- Dynamic Lung Functions


    Tests
    1- Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) or MBC
    Breathing as rapid & as deep as possible for 15 sec
    = 80-160 L/min in
    = 60-120 L/min in
    Breathing Reserve = MVV-MPV
    =100 - 8 = 92 L/min
    Dyspnoea Index = Breathing Reserve/MBC
    Normally = 90%
    Dyspnoea < 60%

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    2- Timed Vital Capacity (FVC) & Forced


    Expiratory Volume (FEV)
    Useful & common screening test
    Forced expiratory volume (FEV) used for

    measuring volume of air expired/unit time


    Normally, one expires 80% of VC in 1 st
    second, so
    ratio FEV1/FVC = 8o% or more
    - By 2 sec. ratio FEV2/FVC = 93%
    - By 3 sec. FEV3/FVC = 97%
    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    FEV/FVC

    FEV1/FVC

    < 80% : Obstructive lung dis.


    FEV1/FVC 80%: restrictive lung dis.
    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    3- Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)

    Measuring maximal velocity


    of expired air after forceful
    inspiration
    using peak flow meter
    Values for age, sex, height
    Alternative for FEV/FVC
    Reduced in Obstructive lung
    dis.
    Of special importance in
    asthma for rapid follow up of
    treatment efficacy

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    Height (cm)

    PEFR (L/min)*

    120

    215

    130

    260

    140

    300

    150

    350

    160

    400

    170

    450

    180

    500

    PEFR (L/min) = [Height (cm) - 80] x

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    Obstructive Spirogram vs.


    Normal

    3
    2
    1
    0

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    A key of Ventilation Disorders


    FEV1/FVC

    Obstructive

    Restrictive
    Normal or

    MVV
    VC

    N or

    or normal

    RV

    N or

    TLC

    N or

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

    THANK U

    Dr. Nisreen Manso

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