MySQL Tutorial

MySQL Architecture
Common Tools
Examples
Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Overview
What is MySQL?
MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is developed,
distributed, and supported by MySQL AB. MySQL AB is a commercial company, founded in 1995 by
the MySQL developers. It is a second generation Open Source company that unites Open Source
values and methodology with a successful business model.
The MySQL software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust SQL (Structured
Query Language) database server. MySQL Server is intended for mission-critical, heavy-load
production systems as well as for embedding into mass-deployed software. MySQL is a registered
trademark of MySQL AB.
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The MySQL software is Dual Licensed. Users can choose to use the MySQL software as an Open
Source product under the terms of the GNU General Public License or can purchase a standard
commercial license from MySQL AB.
The company name was given after co-founder Monty Widenius's daughter, My, the SQL is
Structured Query Language., AB is Sweedish for limited partnership.

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Overview
What does it do?

MySQL is a database management system.

A database is a structured collection of data. To add, access, and process data stored in a computer database, you need a database management system such as MySQL
Server.

MySQL is a relational database management system.

A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than putting all the data in one big storeroom. This adds speed and flexibility. The SQL part of MySQL stands
for Structured Query Language.

MySQL software is Open Source.

Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify the software. Anybody can download the MySQL software from the Internet and use it without paying
anything. If you wish, you may study the source code and change it to suit your needs. If you want to redistribute altered versions MySQL, other licences are available

MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.

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The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists of a multi-threaded SQL server that supports different backends, several different client programs
and libraries, administrative tools, and a wide range of application programming interfaces (APIs).

A large amount of contributed MySQL software is available.

MySQL is a widely supported database, and very likely that most of your applications supports it.

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Architecture
Three layer model:
The application layer contains common network
services for connection handling, authentication and
security. This layer is where different clients interact with
MySQL these clients can written in different API's:.NET,
Java, C, C++, PHP, Python, Ruby, Tcl, Eiffel, etc...
The Logical Layer is where the MySQL intelligence
resides, it includes functionality for query parsing, analysis,
caching and all built-in functions (math, date...). This layer
also provides functionality common across the storage
engines.
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The Physical Layer is responsible for storing and

retrieving all data stored in MySQL. Associated with this
layer are the storage engines, which MySQL interacts with
very basic standard API's. Each storage engine has it
strengths and weakness, some of this engines are
MyISAM, InnoDB, CSV, NDB Cluster, Falcon, etc...

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Architecture

Some internal components:

Each client connection gets its own thread within the server
process.
When clients (applications) connect to the MySQL server, the server
needs to authenticate them.
Before even parsing the query, though, the server consults the
query cache, which only stores SELECT statements, along with
their result sets.
The storage engine does affect how the server optimizes query.

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Architecture

Transactional properties (ACID):

MySQL Innodb storage engine fully supports transactions, a transaction can be viewed as a block of
instructions that act are applied coherently to the database, in turn this means ACID standard compliance:

Atomicity
Consistency
Isolation
Durability

: Each transaction block is treated as a single instruction, all of the block must succeed or none.
: Only valid data is written to the database, and the resulting state is valid.
: While performing operations in a transaction block, other transactions don't see our changes.
: If the transaction returns a successful state it is persisted to the database.

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Architecture

Storage engines:

MySQL supports several storage engines that act as handlers for different table types. MySQL storage
engines include both those that handle transaction-safe tables and those that handle non-transactionsafe tables.

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Installation
Windows Installation wizard: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.1.html#win32
Linux:
Debian Based: apt-get install mysql-server-5.0
RPM based:

rpm -ivh MySQL-server-*5.1.31-0.rhel3.i386.rpm

YUM Based:

yum install mysql-sever

Gentoo Based: emerge mysql

Macintosh:
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.1.html#macosx

All in One Packages

MAMP Macintosh Apache MySQL and PHP
http://www.mamp.info/en/index.php
WAMP Windows Apache MySQL and PHP
http://www.wampserver.com/en/

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Overview
MySQL Files:
In Linux the configuration file is typically located at /etc/mysql/my.cnf, but may vary for
the different Linux flavours, this also applies to the database files them selves which are
located in the /var/lib/MySQL.
Regardless of the storage engine, every MySQL table you create is represented, on disk, by
a .frm file, which describes the tables format (i.e. the table definition). The file bears the
same name as the table, with a .frm extension. The .frm format is the same on all
platforms but in the description of the .frm format that follows, the examples come from
tables created under the Linux operating system.

/var/lib/mysql/db.frm

#Table definition

/var/lib/mysql/db.MYD

#MyISAM data file

/var/lib/mysql/db.MYI

#MyISAM Index file

/var/lib/mysql/ibdata1

#Innodb data file

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Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL
Command Line tools
On Linux the a user can interact with MySQL using the command line,
in this interaction a user can create, update, delete and modify a
MySQL database using the following command line tools
mysql: general database and table interaction:
mysql -u username -ppassword -h localhost db_name
mysqldump: database backup
mysqldump db_name > outputfile
mysqlbinlog: binary log processing
mysqlbinlog logfile_1 logfile_2 ... logfile_n > out.sql
mysqlbinlog logfile_1 logfile_2 ... logfile_n | mysql
mysql_install_db: database restore
mysql_install_db

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

MySQL administrator
Multi plataform, administration tool
allows to:
Manage users
Manage databases and tables
Perform maintenance tasks
See server status

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

MySQL query browser

MySQL query browser is

a simple query tool used
to interact with a MySQl
database.

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmyadim

Phpmyadmin is a browser
tool developed in php,
that
allows
you
to
manage
a
mysql
database.

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL and Gaia

DbBenchmark
DbBenchmark is a simple java application that makes use of GaiaTools
(currently outdated), and performs a series of standard tests.
Class mapping:
mdb.properties

test control:
dbbenchmark.properties.mysql_elem
gaia.cu1.tools.db.username=username
gaia.cu1.tools.db.password=password
gaia.cu1.tools.db.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
gaia.cu1.tools.db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gaia_test?rewriteBatchedStatements=true

Running the tests:

ant mysql_elem_random

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL and Gaia

MDBIngestorExtractor
MDBIngestorExtractor is a application that allows the extraction
and ingestion gbin files, which are
Class mapping:
conf/mdb.properties
MDB Extractor Ingestor properties:
conf/ingestor.properties
conf/extractor.properties
gaia.cu1.tools.db.username=username
gaia.cu1.tools.db.password=password
gaia.cu1.tools.db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
gaia.cu1.tools.db.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

Lauching the extactor/ingestor:

bash ingest.sh
bash extract.sh

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL queries
Create a database:
create database database_name;
Display databases:
show databases;
Selecting a database
use database_name
Display tables:
show tables
Create a table:
create table create table person
(id int, person varchar (32) )
engine=engine_name
Deleting a table:
Drop table table_name

Insert a value in a table:

Insert into table_name.db_name
(field1 , field 2...) Values (v1, v2, ...), (v1',v2');
View data all data in a table:
select * from table name where cond = value
Select data from two different tables:
Select field1, field2 from tbl1, tbl2 where
field3= field4;
Sow create table statement:
show create table tbl_name
Show database variables:
show variables;

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

Q&A
Books:
OreIlly High Performance MySQL Second Edition Jun 2008
OReilly MySQL in a Nutshell 2nd Edition
More on MySQL-cluster and other studies:
SIM Studies at the GAIA WIKI
The technical note:
GAIA-C1-TN-SIM-CDJ-001-1.pdf
GAIA-C1-TN-SIM-AAB-001-01.pdf

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - First Database Testing Meeting, 20/Nov/08

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmysqladmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmysqladmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

Phpmyadmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmyadmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmyadmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmyadmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmyadmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmyadmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmyadmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09

MySQL Graphical tools

phpmyadmin and foreign keys

Antnio Amorim, Carlos Jesus. CU1 - DBWorkshop 9-10 /Feb/09