Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 209 views

    Lambda Phage

    Uploaded by

    Magesh Ramasamy
    This document summarizes key information about bacteriophage Lambda: - Lambda phage infects E. coli cells and has an icosahedral head and long flexible tail that encloses its 48.5kbp linear double stranded DNA genome. The DNA can integrate into the host chromosome to enter a lysogenic cycle or replicate to cause host cell lysis. - The linear DNA has complementary single stranded "sticky ends" that allow it to circularize upon infection and integrate into the bacterial genome. During replication, the DNA is cleaved at these cos sites to form individual phage genomes. - The lambda life cycle involves early, middle and late stages of transcription controlled by cI and cro proteins to determine whether the virus

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lambda Phage

    Uploaded by

    Magesh Ramasamy
    209 views21 pages
    This document summarizes key information about bacteriophage Lambda: - Lambda phage infects E. coli cells and has an icosahedral head and long flexible tail that encloses its 48.5kbp linear double stranded DNA genome. The DNA can integrate into the host chromosome to enter a lysogenic cycle or replicate to cause host cell lysis. - The linear DNA has complementary single stranded "sticky ends" that allow it to circularize upon infection and integrate into the bacterial genome. During replication, the DNA is cleaved at these cos sites to form individual phage genomes. - The lambda life cycle involves early, middle and late stages of transcription controlled by cI and cro proteins to determine whether the virus

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes key information about bacteriophage Lambda: - Lambda phage infects E. coli cells and has an icosahedral head and long flexible tail that encloses its 48.5kbp linear double stranded DNA genome. The DNA can integrate into the host chromosome to enter a lysogenic cycle or replicate to cause host cell lysis. - The linear DNA has complementary single stranded "sticky ends" that allow it to circularize upon infection and integrate into the bacterial genome. During replication, the DNA is cleaved at these cos sites to form individual phage genomes. - The lambda life cycle involves early, middle and late stages of transcription controlled by cI and cro proteins to determine whether the virus

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    209 views21 pages

    Lambda Phage

    Uploaded by

    Magesh Ramasamy
    This document summarizes key information about bacteriophage Lambda: - Lambda phage infects E. coli cells and has an icosahedral head and long flexible tail that encloses its 48.5kbp linear double stranded DNA genome. The DNA can integrate into the host chromosome to enter a lysogenic cycle or replicate to cause host cell lysis. - The linear DNA has complementary single stranded "sticky ends" that allow it to circularize upon infection and integrate into the bacterial genome. During replication, the DNA is cleaved at these cos sites to form individual phage genomes. - The lambda life cycle involves early, middle and late stages of transcription controlled by cI and cro proteins to determine whether the virus

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Bacteriophage

    -Lambda

    Lambda Phage is a temperate phage


    infect E.coli cells.
    Structure of the virus particle consist of
    Head
    ( icosahedral in shape ) and Long
    flexible tail.
    Head proteins encloses the 48.5kbp
    linear double stranded DNA molecule.

    Binds to specific receptors on the outer


    membrane of E.coli
    Injects its linear genome through the
    phage tail into the cell.
    Once the linear double stranded DNA
    entered in to the host cell, it can either
    integrate into host chromosomal DNA and
    becomes a noninfectious prophage , or
    dont integrate but replicate their DNA
    molecule and cause lysis of the host cell.

    Linear and Circular forms of lambda DNA

    Both the ends of linear ds DNA

    molecule are flanked by single


    stranded DNA of 12 nucleotides .
    These single stranded DNA
    molecules are complementary in
    sequence
    - referred as sticky ends or
    cohesive ends are also called cos

    cos site have two distinct roles during


    infection cycle
    1. Allow the DNA molecule to circularize
    once entered into the host cell. ( This is
    necessary for insertion into bacterial
    genome)
    2.

    After

    excision

    of

    prophage,

    large

    numbers of new lambda DNA molecules


    are

    produced

    by

    rolling

    circle

    Cos sites now act as recognition

    sequences for endonuclease - which


    cleaves catenane at cos sites.
    - This results in the formation of
    individual lambda genomes.

    Endonuclease is a gene A
    product of Lambda DNA

    Which
    creates
    single
    stranded sticky ends in lambda
    DNA
    also involved in packaging of
    Lambda
    genome
    into
    the
    phage head in combination
    with other proteins.

    Gene Organization in the Lambda D

    Genetic map of lambda phage shows

    that the functionally related genes are


    clustered together on the genome
    Except gene N and Q
    Map shows that genes coding for tail
    and head proteins are grouped together
    on left

    Central region responsible for


    integration of lambda DNA in to host
    genome
    Most of the genes in this region
    are non essential for phage growth
    (Hence these genes are deleted or
    replaced without impairing the
    infectious growth cycle)

    Life cycle of
    Bacteriophage
    Lambda (Lytic
    and
    Lysogenic)

    Promoters and control circuits


    In lytic cycle, lambda transcription occurs in three
    stages:
    1. Early gene products
    establish the lytic
    cycles
    2. Middle gene products - Replication
    3. Late gene products
    - Assembly of new
    virus
    particles and lysis of
    the cell
    Lambda DNA uses host RNA polymerase for
    the synthesis of proteins to undergo lysogenic
    cycle

    Early transcription starts from


    promoters PL and PR
    Fate of the viral genome, to undergo
    lytic or lysogenic cycle is decided by the
    cro and cI gene products
    Between PL and PR repressor gene cI is
    present and which inhibit the transcription
    of PL and PR and allow the phage to
    undergo lysogenic cycle

    Transcription inhibition of PL and PR


    occurs when the cI protein
    binds to
    operator sequences of early genes .

    So the phage undergo lysogenic cycle.


    If the cro proteins are able to occupy
    the preferred regions of the operator
    first, then stimulates its further synthesis
    and blocks synthesis of the other protein.
    Hence the lambda DNA undergo lytic
    cycle.

    Early transcripts from PL and PR


    stops at tL and tR1

    Site tR2 stops any transcripts that


    escape beyond tR1
    Shift from Early to middle stage
    transcription is directed by N gene
    product expressed from PL.

    PL and PR transcripts extended to genes


    red, O and P which are important for
    middle stage.

    When the enough cro gene products is


    accumulated, it prevents the transcription
    from PL and PR
    Then gene Q products expressed from
    PR directs middle to late shift .

    Gene Q products is another antiterminator like gene N product.


    So transcription of Late genes across
    the cos region takes place.
    results in many phage
    particles .
    Both the gene N and gene Q are
    positive regulators essential for phage
    growth and lysis.

    You might also like