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    Urbanisation

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    Md Rashid Waseem
    Urbanization is the process of rural populations migrating to urban areas. It encompasses social, economic, and physical changes. Key drivers of urbanization include the emergence of administrative groups for control and security, and traders and merchants for specialized economic activities. Urbanization patterns differ between developed and developing countries. In developing countries, urban areas often exploit and polarize from rural areas. India's urbanization was influenced by Aryan, Persian, and British colonial influences. Regional patterns of urbanization vary significantly across Indian states from below to above the national average rate.

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    Urbanisation

    Uploaded by

    Md Rashid Waseem
    249 views18 pages
    Urbanization is the process of rural populations migrating to urban areas. It encompasses social, economic, and physical changes. Key drivers of urbanization include the emergence of administrative groups for control and security, and traders and merchants for specialized economic activities. Urbanization patterns differ between developed and developing countries. In developing countries, urban areas often exploit and polarize from rural areas. India's urbanization was influenced by Aryan, Persian, and British colonial influences. Regional patterns of urbanization vary significantly across Indian states from below to above the national average rate.

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    Urbanization is the process of rural populations migrating to urban areas. It encompasses social, economic, and physical changes. Key drivers of urbanization include the emergence of administrative groups for control and security, and traders and merchants for specialized economic activities. Urbanization patterns differ between developed and developing countries. In developing countries, urban areas often exploit and polarize from rural areas. India's urbanization was influenced by Aryan, Persian, and British colonial influences. Regional patterns of urbanization vary significantly across Indian states from below to above the national average rate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    249 views18 pages

    Urbanisation

    Uploaded by

    Md Rashid Waseem
    Urbanization is the process of rural populations migrating to urban areas. It encompasses social, economic, and physical changes. Key drivers of urbanization include the emergence of administrative groups for control and security, and traders and merchants for specialized economic activities. Urbanization patterns differ between developed and developing countries. In developing countries, urban areas often exploit and polarize from rural areas. India's urbanization was influenced by Aryan, Persian, and British colonial influences. Regional patterns of urbanization vary significantly across Indian states from below to above the national average rate.

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    URBANISATION

    HBS

    URBANISATION
    Sub- processes of Development :
    Urbanisation process of change from rural to urban
    way of life (based on specialisation)
    Industrialisation
    Tertiarisation
    -Without Industrialisation pseudo urbanisation
    -Gentrification in Developed countries
    Modernisation
    Including primary sector.
    Westernisation
    After Aryanisation, Persianisation & Colonialisation
    HBS

    URBANISATION
    URBANISATION encompasses

    A. Social Change
    Qualitative change at individual level qualification, attitude,
    efficiency, priorities, way of life
    Change in social institutions marriage, customs, rituals

    B. Economic Change
    Production
    Employment

    Primary

    Secondar
    y
    Tertiary

    C. Physical / Environmental change


    Landuse, infra-structure, slums, settlement pattern

    HBS

    Evolution of / Conditions for Urbanisation


    Social Surplus
    1. Soil Fertility
    2. Technology Input

    Specialisation

    Emergence of Administrative Group


    1. Control -- Government Set-up
    2. Security Defence, Army

    Specialisation

    Traders & Merchants Group


    1. Collection
    2. Distribution
    3. Innovation Diffusion

    Specialisation

    HBS

    Urbanisation Process and Spatial patterns

    1. Decision Making & Control

    Spatial Organisation of power

    (Decentralisation)

    2.Capital Flows

    Economic Activity location

    (Industrialisation)

    3.Innovation Diffusion

    Modernisation Surfaces

    (Modernisation)

    4.Migration

    Settlement Pattern
    National Capital
    State Capital
    District HQ

    HBS

    Control,
    Administration,
    Governance

    Capital,
    Excess
    produce

    CORE
    Labour,
    Migration

    Socio-cultural,
    tecnological
    ideas

    Friedmans Model
    HBS

    Xtics of urbanisation in Developed & Developing countries


    Simultaneous with industrialisation / Tertiarisation
    Gradual / Fast
    Share of primary, secondary & tertiary sectors
    100%

    80

    Tertiary Sector

    60
    40

    Secondary Sector

    20

    Primary Sector
    100%

    1800

    1850

    1900

    1950

    80

    2000

    Primary Sector

    60
    40

    Tertiary Sector

    20

    Secondary Sector
    1800

    1850

    1900

    1950

    2000

    HBS

    Sound Social surplus


    Polarisation in Developing countries
    Urban Areas exploiting Rural Areas
    Rural Areas left with old, incompetent and children
    No rural urban Continuum
    Urban Areas suffering- slums, crowding

    Prospects
    Urbanisation as a tool for Reg. Development
    Rural -Urban-Continuum -proper hierarchy
    Growth-poles - Balanced Settlement pattern
    Preventive, Curative Measurement for Rural & Urban Development
    (slum formation)
    Simultaneous
    Job
    People
    National Commission on Urbanisation (NCU) GEMs & SPURs
    (Special Priority Urban Region)

    People Village

    Town

    City

    Metropolis

    Jobs

    HBS

    Jobs

    City

    Town

    FORWARD AND BACKWARD


    LINKAGE

    Metropolis

    Input to Primary
    Sector
    Tractors, Tools,
    Techniques, HYV Seeds
    etc.

    Urban
    Area
    2ndary
    &Tertiary
    Sectors

    Output to
    Secondary & Tertiary
    Sectors Storage,
    Processing,
    Marketing etc.

    Rural
    Area
    Primary
    Sector

    RURL URBAN
    COMPLEMENTARITY

    Village

    People

    HBS

    Town

    Bi-functional

    People Village

    Town

    City

    City

    Metropolis

    Jobs

    Multi-functional
    Tri-functional
    Mono-functional

    City

    Town

    FORWARD AND BACKWARD LINKAGE & VARIED FUNCTIONALTIES

    HBS

    URBANISATION / GLOBALISATION

    Homogeneous Region

    Nodal region

    Devlpd Area

    Developed Country

    Devlpng Area

    Developing Country

    HBS

    Indian Urbanisation
    Historical perspective-Aryanisation, Persianisation & Colonialisation (Nodes & Networks.. Civil lines etc..
    CLASSIFICATION OF STATES AND UTS ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF URBANISATION
    2001

    Above national
    average i.e.
    27.75%

    25%-28%

    Less than 25%

    National
    Average

    Goa, Gujarat,
    Haryana,
    Karnataka,
    Maharashtra,
    Mizoram,
    Punjab, Tamil
    Nadu, A&N
    Islands,
    Chandigarh,
    Daman & Diu,
    Delhi,
    Lakshwadeep
    and
    Pondicherry. (14
    states)

    Andhra Pradesh,
    Kerela, M.P.,
    West Bengal,
    Uttaranchal. (5
    states)

    Arunachal Pradesh,
    Assam, Bihar, H.P., J&K,
    Manipur, Meghalaya,
    Nagaland, Orissa,
    Rajasthan, Sikkim,
    Tripura, U.P., Dadra
    Nagar Haveli, Jharkhand,
    Chhattisgarh. (16 states)

    27.75%

    HBS

    REGIONAL PATTERN OF URBANISATION IN INDIA


    Sl.
    No.

    State/ Union
    Territory

    1961

    1971

    1981

    1991

    2001

    Andhra Pradesh

    17.44

    19.31

    23.32

    26.84

    27.07

    Arunachal
    Pradesh

    0.00

    3.70

    6.59

    12.21

    20.41

    Assam

    7.17

    8.89

    9.88

    11.08

    12.72

    Bihar

    8.43

    10.00

    12.47

    13.17

    10.47

    Goa

    14.80

    25.56

    32.03

    41.02

    49.76

    Gujarat

    25.77

    28.08

    31.10

    34.40

    37.35

    Haryana

    17.23

    17.66

    21.88

    24.79

    29.00

    Himachal Pradesh

    6.34

    6.99

    7.61

    8.70

    9.79

    Jammu & Kashmir

    16.66

    18.59

    21.05

    23.83

    24.88

    10

    Karnataka

    22.33

    24.31

    28.89

    30.91

    33.98

    11

    Kerela

    15.11

    16.24

    18.74

    26.44

    25.96

    12

    Madhya Pradesh*

    14.29

    16.29

    20.29

    23.21

    26.66

    13

    Maharashtra

    28.22

    31.17

    35.03

    38.73

    42.40

    14

    Manipur

    8.68

    13.19

    26.42

    27.69

    23.88

    15

    Meghalaya

    15.27

    14.55

    18.04

    18.69

    19.62

    16

    Mizoram

    5.36

    11.36

    24.67

    46.20

    49.50

    17

    Nagaland

    5.19

    9.95

    15.52

    17.28

    17.74

    18

    Orissa

    6.32

    8.41

    11.79

    13.43

    14.97

    19

    Punjab

    23.06

    23.73

    27.68

    29.72

    33.94

    20

    Rajasthan

    16.28

    17.63

    21.05

    22.88

    23.38

    HBS

    21

    Sikkim

    4.22

    9.37

    16.15

    9.12

    11.10

    22

    Tamil Nadu

    26.69

    30.26

    32.95

    34.20

    43.86

    23

    Tripura

    9.02

    10.43

    10.99

    15.26

    17.07

    24

    Uttar Pradesh*

    12.85

    14.02

    17.95

    19.89

    20.78

    25

    West Bengal

    24.45

    24.75

    26.47

    27.39

    28.03

    26

    Andaman &
    Nicobar Islands

    22.15

    22.77

    26.30

    26.80

    32.67

    27

    Chandigarh

    82.80

    90.55

    93.63

    89.69

    89.77

    28

    Dadra & Nagar


    Haveli

    0.00

    0.00

    6.63

    8.47

    22.88

    29

    Daman & Diu

    36.36

    37.56

    36.74

    46.86

    36.26

    30

    Delhi

    88.75

    89.70

    92.73

    89.93

    93.01

    31

    Lakshadweep

    0.00

    0.00

    46.28

    56.29

    44.47

    32

    Pondicherry

    24.11

    42.04

    52.48

    64.05

    66.56

    Sl.
    No.

    State/ Union
    Territory

    1961

    1971

    1981

    1991

    2001

    33

    Jharkhand*

    22.25

    34

    Chhatisgarh*

    20.07

    35

    Uttaranchal*

    25.59

    INDIA

    18.24

    20.00

    23.30

    25.72

    27.25

    * The levels of urbanisation are for reconstituted states in 2001.

    HBS

    URBANIZATION PATTERN IN INDIA

    J&K

    PUNJAB

    HIMACHAL
    PRADESH

    HARYANA
    DELHI\
    RAJASTHAN
    UTTAR
    PRADESH
    GUJARAT

    MADHYA
    PRADESH

    BIHAR

    WEST
    JHARKAND BENGAL

    MIZORAM

    CHATTISGARH
    DAMAN
    &DIU

    MAHARASHTRA

    ORISSA

    PONDICHERRY
    GOA

    ANDHRA PRADESH
    KARNATAKA

    LAKSHADWEEP
    KERALA

    A &N
    ISLANDS

    TAMIL NADU

    >
    4Million
    > National Average

    < National Average

    = National Average

    2-4
    Million
    MILLION + CITIES

    <2
    Million

    The

    END

    HBS

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