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    Biodiversity Conservation

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    meghna
    This document discusses various methods of biodiversity conservation, including in-situ conservation approaches like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves, as well as ex-situ conservation approaches such as botanical gardens, zoological parks, gene banks, and cryopreservation. National parks aim to protect native species and ecosystems while prohibiting resource exploitation. Wildlife sanctuaries specifically protect endangered animal species. Biosphere reserves additionally safeguard human communities and traditions living within protected natural areas.

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    Biodiversity Conservation

    Uploaded by

    meghna
    169 views29 pages
    This document discusses various methods of biodiversity conservation, including in-situ conservation approaches like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves, as well as ex-situ conservation approaches such as botanical gardens, zoological parks, gene banks, and cryopreservation. National parks aim to protect native species and ecosystems while prohibiting resource exploitation. Wildlife sanctuaries specifically protect endangered animal species. Biosphere reserves additionally safeguard human communities and traditions living within protected natural areas.

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    gives you an idea about various methods of conservation of biodiversity

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    This document discusses various methods of biodiversity conservation, including in-situ conservation approaches like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves, as well as ex-situ conservation approaches such as botanical gardens, zoological parks, gene banks, and cryopreservation. National parks aim to protect native species and ecosystems while prohibiting resource exploitation. Wildlife sanctuaries specifically protect endangered animal species. Biosphere reserves additionally safeguard human communities and traditions living within protected natural areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    169 views29 pages

    Biodiversity Conservation

    Uploaded by

    meghna
    This document discusses various methods of biodiversity conservation, including in-situ conservation approaches like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves, as well as ex-situ conservation approaches such as botanical gardens, zoological parks, gene banks, and cryopreservation. National parks aim to protect native species and ecosystems while prohibiting resource exploitation. Wildlife sanctuaries specifically protect endangered animal species. Biosphere reserves additionally safeguard human communities and traditions living within protected natural areas.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    Biodiversity conservation

    Biodiversity conservation takes place via two


    methods:
    1.IN-SITU CONSERVATION:
    (national parks , wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere
    reserves, world heritage sites
    2.EX-SITU CONSERVATION:
    (botanical gardens ,zoological parks, gene
    banks, cryopreservation)

    National parks
    National parks are areas of land that
    protect native plants and animals and
    their habitats, places of natural beauty,
    historic heritage and aboriginal culture
    heritage.
    There are approximately 90 national
    parks which occupy 4.7% of the
    countrys total geographic area.

    IUCN(international union for conservation


    of nature)is an international organization
    which approves any national park.
    The first national park was yellow stone
    national park in US.
    The first national park in India was Jim
    corbett national park.
    The first national park which meets the
    standards and definition of IUCN was:
    Northeast Greenland national
    park,denmark

    Features :
    minimum size of 1000 hectares
    Budget and staff sufficient to provide
    sufficient and effective protection
    Prohibition of exploitation of natural
    resources by activities like sport,
    fishing etc.

    AIM OF NATIONAL PARK:


    The national park aims to conserve a
    comprehensive, adequate, and representative
    system of relatively large natural areas,
    which together reflect the full range of
    landscape, diversity of ecosystems and
    biodiversity of the state.
    Modified ecosystems such as urban areas and
    agriculture zones are found adjacent to
    national parks. They provide homes for native
    animals and the vegetation corridors.

    Conservation of several ecosystems


    Conservation of biodiversity which is
    present in that area
    Conservation of endangered species
    Preservation of natural beauty
    preservation of cultural heritage
    Preservation of aboriginal and their
    heritage.(checkpoint)

    Case study of madhav national park:


    The land on which the Madhav National Park
    was established, provided livelihoods for
    about 25 Sahariya tribes. They lived in a
    village named Lohra Kahr . This is a village,
    that doesnt exist anymore as everything
    belonging of the tribal such as their houses,
    their land, their fields was incorporated into
    the National Park.

    List of national parks in


    India
    and the species conserved

    Wildlife sanctuary
    Meaning of sanctuary: a safe place
    A wildlife sanctuary is a naturally occuring
    sanctuary that provides protection for species
    from hunting, predation or competition
    It is a protected area, a geographical
    territory within which wildlife is protected
    It is created by government legislation,
    publicly or privately owned
    It preserves the animals that are endangered.

    List of wildlife sanctuaries in


    India
    and the species conserved

    Difference b/w national park and


    sanctuary:
    national park
    Conservation of both
    plants and animals
    More focused on
    conservation of habitat
    0.04-3162 km square area
    Defined boundaries can
    not be changed
    Despite tourist zone, no
    interference of humans is
    allowed

    Wildlife sanctuary
    Conservation specifically
    of animals
    Conservation of
    particular species.
    0.61-7818km square area
    Boundaries can be
    changed
    Limited interference of
    humans

    Biosphere reserves
    A biosphere reserve is still a larger area
    then a national park and wildlife sanctuary
    It protects large areas of natural habitat
    and often include one or more national
    parks
    The aim is to protect not only flora and
    fauna of the region but also to protect
    the human communities who inhabit these
    regions and their ways of life.

    Aim of biosphere reserve:


    to protect the biological and cultural diversity
    of a region while promoting sustainable
    economic development.
    It is a place of cooperation, education and
    experimentation, where scientists and
    managers can share research data to better
    understand man's impact on nature, and where
    local communities, environmental groups, and
    economic interests can work collaboratively on
    conservation and development issues.

    Zones of biosphere reserve

    World heritage site:


    AUnited Nations Educational, Scientific
    and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World
    Heritage Siteis a place (such as a forest,
    mountain, lake,desert, monument, building,
    complex, or city) that is listed by
    theUNESCO as of special cultural or physical
    significance.
    As of 2012,962 sites are listed: 745 cultural,
    188 natural, and 29 mixed properties, in 157
    states.

    site#145 los glaciers national park, Argentina

    Mt Kenya national park,kenya

    In-situ conservation
    botanical gardens:
    A botanical garden is a well tended area
    where plants are displayed with their
    botanical names written below.
    It contains plant collections such as :
    cacti, succulent plants, herb gardens
    and greenhouses, shade houses.
    Special collections: tropical plants,
    alpine plants.

    Visitor services at a botanical garden


    might include tours, educational
    displays,art exhibitions, book rooms,
    open-air theatrical and musical
    performances, and other entertainment.
    These are run by universities and other
    research organisations.
    In principle, their role is to maintain
    documented collections of living plants for
    the purposes of scientific research,
    conservation, display, and education

    Gene bank
    Gene banksare a type ofbiorepositorywhich
    preservegenetic material.
    Inplants, this could be by freezing cuts from
    the plant, or stocking theseeds.
    In animals, this is the freezing ofsperm
    andeggsinzoological freezersuntil further
    needed.
    With corals, fragments are taken which are
    stored in water tanks under controlled
    conditions

    Types of gene banks:


    Seed banks: preservation of the dried
    seeds of the plants at very low
    temperature.(pteridophytes can be
    preserved but tuber crops cant be).
    Tissue banks: preservation of the buds
    and meristematic cells under proper
    light conditions and nutrient
    medium(both seeds and seedless plants
    are preserved).

    Pollen bank: preservation of pollen grains of


    plants.
    Field gene bank: in a wide field we are
    planting the crops which contains important
    genes, thus we are planting the plants for
    conservation of gene.
    Cryo-bank: preservation of a seed or an
    embryo in liquid nitrogen at -196 degree
    Celsius.

    Cryo preservation
    Cryopreservationis a process wherecells,
    wholetissues, or any other substances
    susceptible to damage caused bychemical
    reactivityor time are preserved by cooling to
    sub-zerotemperatures.
    At low enough temperatures, anyenzymaticor
    chemical activity which might cause damage to
    the material in question is effectively
    stopped.

    Whilerefrigerators, freezers and extra cold


    freezers are used for many items, generally the
    ultra cold of liquid nitrogen at196 C(77K;
    321F)is required for successful preservation of
    the more complex biological structures to virtually
    stop all biological activity.
    Preservation of the material for a maximum of
    1000 years!!!

    However, during the storage there could be


    a potential damage to the sample due to
    extracellular and intracellular ice formation,
    or due to effect of solutions or dehydration.
    This can be reduced by the use of
    cryoprotectants.
    Conventional cryoprotectant: ethylene glycol,
    reduces ice formation during freezing. The
    process of adding cryoprotectants before
    cooling is known as VITRIFICATION.

    Thank you

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