An Efficient Monitering of Substation Using RF: Voltage Current Temperature
An Efficient Monitering of Substation Using RF: Voltage Current Temperature
An Efficient Monitering of Substation Using RF: Voltage Current Temperature
MONITERING OF
SUBSTATION USING RF
VOLTAGE
CURRENT
TEMPERATURE
SUBSTATION
1)Power from Generating Units
Delivered to Costumers
through substation
2) The Main purpose of
substations is to vary voltage
levels to meet costumer
requirements.
3)Sub stations plays an
important role in maintaining
YPRCET
20-02-2013
SUBSTATION
The level of current and voltage may vary
drastically due to increase in temperature at
the distribution transformer.
The ultimate objective is to monitor the
electrical parameters continuously and
hence to Guard the burning of Distribution
Transformer.
YPRCET
20-02-2013
SUBSTATION
1)VOLTAGE PROTECTION
2)CURRENT PROTECTION
3)TEMPERATURE
PROTECTION
YPRCET
20-02-2013
main sections
1)substation unit called
Transmitter unit
2)Main station called controlling
unit
Substation unit
MICRO
CONTROLLER
POWER
SUPPLY
RF
TRANSMITTER
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
CURRENT
SENSOR
ENCODER
A
D
C
RELAY
TRANSFORME
R
VOLTAGE
SENSOR
LOADS
YPRCET
Control unit
POWER
SUPPLY
MICRO
CONTROLLER
RF
RECEIVER
LCD
DECODER
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
MICROCONTROLLERS
POWER SUPPLY
RF TRANSMITTER
RF RECEIVER
ENCODER
DECODER
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE SENSOR
RELAY
ADC
Hardware elements
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Diodes
Led's
Voltage regulators
Transistors
Oscillator
Switches
Voltage variac
Thermistor
DESIGN
230 volts AC is stepped down to 5v to suit
MICRO CONTROLLER
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
(RXD)P3.0
(TXD)P3.1
(INT0)P3.2
(INT1)P3.3
(T0)P3.4
(T1)P3.5
(WR)P3.6
(RD)P3.7
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
0
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
2
9
0
8051
(8031
)
4
3
0
3
9
3
8
3
7
3
6
3
5
3
4
3
31
2
3
2
0
2
9
2
8
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
1
Vcc
P0.0(AD
P0.1(AD1)
0)
P0.2(AD
P0.3(AD3
2)
)P0.4(AD4
)P0.5(AD5)
P0.6(AD6)
P0.7(AD7
)EA/VPP
ALE/PROG
PSEN
P2.7(A15)
P2.6(A1
P2.5(A1
4)
P2.4(A1
3)
P2.3(A1
2)
P2.2(A10
1)
)P2.1(A9)
P2.0(A8)
8051 FEATURES
Internal ROM or EPROM (8751) of 0(8031) to 4K
(89C51)
Internal RAM of 128 bytes:
Four register banks, each containing eight registers
Sixteen bytes, which maybe addressed at the bit level
Eighty bytes of general- purpose data memory
Thirty two input/output pins arranged as four 8-bit
ports:p0-p3
Two 16-bit timer/counters: T0 and T1
Full duplex serial data receiver/transmitter: SBUF
Control registers: TCON, TMOD, SCON, PCON, IP, and
IE
Two external and three internal interrupts sources.
Oscillator and clock circuits
8051 OVERVIEW
:
A smaller computer
On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
Example Motorolas 6811, Intels 8051, Zilogs Z8 and PIC 16X
CPU
I/O
Port
RAM ROM
Serial
Timer COM
Port
A single chip
Microcontroller
stored externally.
/PSEN ALE are used for external ROM.
For 8051, /EA pin is connected to Vcc.
/ means active low.
/PSEN pin 29 program store enable
This is an output pin and is connected to the OE pin of
the ROM.
Other Pins
P1, P2, and P3 have internal pull-up resisters.
P1, P2, and P3 are not open drain.
P0 has no internal pull-up resistors and does not
P0 is open drain.
Compare the figures of P1.X and P0.X.
Registers
A
B
R0
DPTR
DPH
DPL
R1
R2
PC
PC
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
Some 8-bitt Registers of
the 8051
8k
32
k
0000H
0000H
0FFFH
DS5000-32
8751
AT89C51
1FFFH
8752
AT89C52
7FFFH
8051
7FH
Scratch pad RAM
30H
2FH
Bit-Addressable RAM
20H
1FH
18H
17H
10H
0FH
08H
07H
00H
Register Bank 3
Register Bank 2
Register Bank 1( Stack)
Register Bank 0
Timer
TMOD Register:
high.
C/T : Counter/Timer select bit.
M1 : Mode bit 1.
M0 : Mode bit 0.
MAX 232
Liquid crystal displays (LCD s) have materials which combine the properties of both
liquids and crystals. Rather than having a melting point, they have a temperature
range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid,
but are grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.
RF TRANSMITTER
RF transmitters are electronic devices that
RF ENCODER
RF RECEIVER
RF receivers are electronic devices that separate radio signals from one
another and convert specific signals into audio, video, or data formats.
RF receivers use an antenna to receive transmitted radio signals and a
tuner to separate a specific signal from all of the other signals that the
antenna receives.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
SOURCE CODE
TO OPERATE THE SYSTEM THAT IS
CONTROLLED BY MICROCONTROLLER WE
WRITE A NECESSARY SOURCE CODE TO SUIT
THE DESIRED APPPLICATION.
THE CODE IS WRITTEN IN C USING KELI