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    Practical Missing Data Analysis in SPSS

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    lphoune
    This document provides an overview of how to perform multiple imputation (MI) in SPSS to handle missing data. It discusses the assumptions of MI, including missing at random (MAR). An example is provided using data from a pedometer trial with missing outcome values. The steps shown include running MI in SPSS to impute missing values, conducting analyses on the imputed datasets, and pooling the results. The output of MI and pooled analysis are presented. Key advantages of MI are noted, such as providing less biased results than complete case analysis under the MAR assumption.

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    Practical Missing Data Analysis in SPSS

    Uploaded by

    lphoune
    105 views19 pages
    This document provides an overview of how to perform multiple imputation (MI) in SPSS to handle missing data. It discusses the assumptions of MI, including missing at random (MAR). An example is provided using data from a pedometer trial with missing outcome values. The steps shown include running MI in SPSS to impute missing values, conducting analyses on the imputed datasets, and pooling the results. The output of MI and pooled analysis are presented. Key advantages of MI are noted, such as providing less biased results than complete case analysis under the MAR assumption.

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    This document provides an overview of how to perform multiple imputation (MI) in SPSS to handle missing data. It discusses the assumptions of MI, including missing at random (MAR). An example is provided using data from a pedometer trial with missing outcome values. The steps shown include running MI in SPSS to impute missing values, conducting analyses on the imputed datasets, and pooling the results. The output of MI and pooled analysis are presented. Key advantages of MI are noted, such as providing less biased results than complete case analysis under the MAR assumption.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    105 views19 pages

    Practical Missing Data Analysis in SPSS

    Uploaded by

    lphoune
    This document provides an overview of how to perform multiple imputation (MI) in SPSS to handle missing data. It discusses the assumptions of MI, including missing at random (MAR). An example is provided using data from a pedometer trial with missing outcome values. The steps shown include running MI in SPSS to impute missing values, conducting analyses on the imputed datasets, and pooling the results. The output of MI and pooled analysis are presented. Key advantages of MI are noted, such as providing less biased results than complete case analysis under the MAR assumption.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Practical Missing Data

    Analysis in SPSS
    (v17 onwards)
    Peter T. Donnan
    Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics

    Objectives
    How to impute missing values
    in SPSS, specifically MI
    How to implement analyses
    with multiple imputed values
    Interpretation of the output
    Practical tips

    Example data
    From trial of pedometers+advice vs
    advice vs controls in sedentary elderly
    women
    Follow-up at 3 and 6 mnths
    Main outcome measure of activity
    from accelerometer counts
    210 randomised / 170 at 3 months

    Example data Pedometer


    trial
    Read in data SPSS Study databse.sav
    Main outcome is:
    3 mnth activity AccelVM2
    Baseline activity AccelVM1a

    Trial arm represented by two dummy


    variables:
    Grp1 = Pedom. Vs. control
    Grp2 = Advice vs. control

    Main analysis Pedometer


    trial
    Regression on 3
    months activity
    adjusting for
    baseline activity
    and two dummy
    variables
    representing trial
    arm contrasts

    Main analysis Pedometer


    trial

    Note that n =170


    with 40 missing in
    complete case analysis
    and so potential for
    bias

    Missing at Random (MAR)


    Prob (Missing) is independent of:

    1) unobserved data but


    2) dependent on observed data
    Essentially observed data is a random
    sample of full data in each stratum
    MAR is weaker version of MCAR
    assumption
    If MAR is assumed, many methods possible
    to impute data using observed data.

    Comparison of completers at
    3 months and drop-outs
    Completers (n
    =172)

    Dropped out at
    3 months (n =
    32)

    Chi-squared
    or t-test pvalue

    77.1 (5.0)

    78.5 (5.6)

    0.137

    130695 (47991)

    113381 (50444)

    8.69 (2.25)

    7.41 (2.86)

    199.59
    (306.74)

    404.29 (1289.54)

    Pedometer Group N (%)

    58 (85.3%)

    10 (14.7%)

    BCI Group N (%)

    52 (77.6%)

    15 (22.4%)

    Control Group N (%)

    62 (92.5%)

    5 (7.5%)

    Stairs difficult Yes

    48 (76.2%)

    15 (23.8%)

    No

    124 (87.9%

    17 (12.1%)

    Age Mean (SD)


    Accelerometer VM
    Mean (SD)
    Limb Function Mean
    (SD)
    NHS Costs previous 3
    months Mean (SD)

    0.065

    0.028

    0.402

    0.052

    0.033

    Execution of MI in SPSS
    So assuming MAR we can use the
    available data to predict missing values
    in SPSS:
    Analyze
    Multiple Imputation
    Impute Missing Data Values

    Execution of MI in SPSS
    Enter ALL variables
    you think associated
    with missingness
    Note default
    imputation number =
    5
    Create new dataset
    to store results
    Note icon indicating
    procedures that
    allow MI analysis

    Execution of MI in SPSS
    Automatic method
    lets SPSS chose
    Custom gives more
    flexibility
    Can include all 2-way
    interactions
    Linear Regression
    model prediction

    Execution of MI in SPSS
    List of variables
    chosen
    Define Each variable
    for imputation or
    predictor or BOTH
    N.b. Recommend
    including the
    OUTCOME as both
    predictor and
    outcome

    Output of MI in SPSS

    Note main interest


    in outcome VM2 but
    other factors with
    missing values also
    imputed

    Step 2 - Using Imputed


    datasets in analysis
    Note new dataset has IMPUTATION number
    as first column and contains in order the
    original dataset (n = 210), IMPUTATION = 0
    and concatenated below it a further 5 new
    datasets (each n = 210) but now with imputed
    values, IMPUTATION = 1 to 5
    Most analyses can now be implemented if the
    fossil shell spiral symbol is present

    Repeat Main analysis


    Need Pooled Results
    Procedure exactly
    same as before
    SPSS will do the
    pooled analysis if
    the icon (above)
    is present in the
    drop-down menu

    Pooled Analysis in SPSS

    Results
    presented for
    the original
    data and for
    each imputed
    dataset
    separately

    Results of pooled analysis


    from 5 imputed datasets
    Model

    SE

    Sig.

    Fractio
    n
    missing

    Constant

    15607

    7808

    1.999

    0.047

    0.173

    AccelVM1
    a

    0.852

    0.051

    16.630

    0.000

    0.124

    Pedomete 11310
    r Group

    6131

    1.845

    0.066

    0.138

    Advice
    only

    6526

    2.687

    0.009

    0.266

    Pooled

    Larger
    effect
    sizes in
    both
    groups

    17536

    Greater power gives


    more significance

    Interpretation
    Compare pooled results with the original as a
    form of sensitivity analysis
    If results similar suggests the original results
    fairly robust
    Consider whether MAR is reasonable assumption
    Consider whether you have included all factors
    (including the outcome) related to the
    missingness in the imputation model as a crucial
    assumption

    Summary

    SPSS now includes Multiple imputation in its


    armoury

    Consider assumptions of MI

    Compare results under different assumption


    to assess robustness of results

    If MAR assumption o.k. then MI provides


    results that are less biased than complete
    case analysis

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