This document provides an introduction to SPSS, including:
1) What SPSS is and its acronym;
2) How to start SPSS;
3) The main windows in SPSS including the data editor, output viewer, chart editor, and syntax editor;
4) An overview of managing data files and entering data, including defining variable types, widths, labels, values and more.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document provides an introduction to SPSS, including:
1) What SPSS is and its acronym;
2) How to start SPSS;
3) The main windows in SPSS including the data editor, output viewer, chart editor, and syntax editor;
4) An overview of managing data files and entering data, including defining variable types, widths, labels, values and more.
This document provides an introduction to SPSS, including:
1) What SPSS is and its acronym;
2) How to start SPSS;
3) The main windows in SPSS including the data editor, output viewer, chart editor, and syntax editor;
4) An overview of managing data files and entering data, including defining variable types, widths, labels, values and more.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document provides an introduction to SPSS, including:
1) What SPSS is and its acronym;
2) How to start SPSS;
3) The main windows in SPSS including the data editor, output viewer, chart editor, and syntax editor;
4) An overview of managing data files and entering data, including defining variable types, widths, labels, values and more.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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INTRODUCTION TO
SPSS About SPSS • SPSS is a Statistical Package for beginning, intermediate, and advanced data analysis • SPSS is an acronym of Statistical Package for the Social Science • PASW – Predictive Analytics Software • One of the most popular statistical packages which can perform highly complex data manipulation and analysis with simple instructions Starting SPSS for Windows Starting SPSS either by double-clicking the SPSS icon on the desktop, or from the start menu – SPSS will have a group under programs. The opening screen should appear as The Menu Bar
The menu bar lists 10
pull down menu, grouping the available SPSS commands. Some of these have sub- menus, the Analyze menu is like this The Tool Bar
The toolbar, located just
below the menu bar, provides quick and easy access to many frequently used facilities. About the four-windows in SPSS
1. Data Editor 2. Output viewer 3. Chart editor window 4. Syntax editor 1. Data Editor Spreadsheet-like system for defining, entering, editing, and displaying data. Extension of saved file will be “sav.” 2. Output Viewer • Displays output and errors. Extension of the saved file will be “spo.” 3. Chart Editor Displays output and errors. Extension of the saved file will be “spo.” 4. Syntax editor Text editor for syntax composition. Extension of the saved file will be “sps.” The basics of managing data files Data Entry & Coding Before describing the process for defining variables, an important distinction should be made between two terms that are often confused: variable and Value
A variable is a measure or classification scheme
that can have several values
values are the numbers or categorical
classification representing individual instances of the variable being measured The Data View & The Variable view The Variable View 1. Name: • Each variable name must be unique; duplication is not allowed. • Start with a letter • Variable names cannot end with a period 2. Type: • Basic type – numeric and string Contd… 3. Width: • The number of characters. SPSS will allow to be entered for the variable. • For a numerical value with decimals, this total width has to include a spot for each decimal, as well as one for decimal point. 4. Decimals: • If more decimals have been entered or computed by SPSS, the additional information will be retained internally but not displayed on screen. Contd… 5. Label: • A string to identify in detail what a variable represents. • It is limited to 255 characters • May contain spaces and punctuation Contd… 6. Values: • Indicate how the numbers are assigned for categorical data. • Instead of typing into the computer the full answer to each question, codes are typed in (e.g., 1 if the respondent is female, 2 if male). • Codes are usually numerical, because this is what most statistical software expects, and using only numerical codes makes data entry faster. • These are easier to remember, and therefore tend to have lower error rates. Contd… • Values (Contd…) • To code categorical variables in numeric format. • The value labels will be used. Contd… The labels can be seen in the Data view by clicking on the “toe tag” icon in the tool bar, which switches between the numeric values and their labels. Contd… 7. Columns: • How wide the column should be for each variable. • Columns affect only the display of the values in the Data Editor. Changing column width does not change the defined width of a variable. 8. Align: Left, Right, and Center Contd… • Measure: • Indicated the level of measurement • Nominal, Ordinal and Scale (interval & Ratio) Contd… • Type of Measurement: • There are four types of numerical scales that exist: Nominal scales, Ordinal scales, Interval scales, and Ratio scales. • Scale: -Ratio scale means having a constant interval and a true zero point. “What age are you?” – “How tall are you?” – “How many children do you have?” -An interval scale (meaning equal-interval) is a scale having a constant interval but does not posses a true zero point. The difference between two successive possible answers is the same. For example, the scale of temperature. Contd… • Ordinal: • Frequently, categorical data responses represent more than two possible outcomes, and often these possible outcomes take on some inherent ordering. • For example, low – medium – high 50% - 75% - 100% - 200% Strongly agree – Agree – Neutral – Disagree – Strongly disagree Contd… • Nominal: • A nominal scale is not really a scale at all, but an arbitrary code value to distinguish the different groups. • No inherent ordering to the categories • For example, “ Do you prefer the beach, mountains, or lake for a vacation?” “which colour is your favorite?”
