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    Men, Women and Relationships

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    freeman_bruce6274
    This document discusses research on differences and similarities between men and women in relationships. Some key points made include: - Men and women are more alike than different, though women tend to prioritize feelings and relationships while men focus more on thoughts and accomplishments. - Both biological and environmental factors influence gender behaviors and roles. While brain structures differ slightly on average between sexes, variability within each sex is greater than between them. - Traditional gender roles and stereotypes are changing as more women work outside the home and divisions of labor become less rigid, though some stereotypes and inequalities persist. - Future gender roles may see a diminishing division of labor and identity more detached from traditional roles, moving toward androgyn

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    Men, Women and Relationships

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    freeman_bruce6274
    848 views25 pages
    This document discusses research on differences and similarities between men and women in relationships. Some key points made include: - Men and women are more alike than different, though women tend to prioritize feelings and relationships while men focus more on thoughts and accomplishments. - Both biological and environmental factors influence gender behaviors and roles. While brain structures differ slightly on average between sexes, variability within each sex is greater than between them. - Traditional gender roles and stereotypes are changing as more women work outside the home and divisions of labor become less rigid, though some stereotypes and inequalities persist. - Future gender roles may see a diminishing division of labor and identity more detached from traditional roles, moving toward androgyn

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    This document discusses research on differences and similarities between men and women in relationships. Some key points made include: - Men and women are more alike than different, though women tend to prioritize feelings and relationships while men focus more on thoughts and accomplishments. - Both biological and environmental factors influence gender behaviors and roles. While brain structures differ slightly on average between sexes, variability within each sex is greater than between them. - Traditional gender roles and stereotypes are changing as more women work outside the home and divisions of labor become less rigid, though some stereotypes and inequalities persist. - Future gender roles may see a diminishing division of labor and identity more detached from traditional roles, moving toward androgyn

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    848 views25 pages

    Men, Women and Relationships

    Uploaded by

    freeman_bruce6274
    This document discusses research on differences and similarities between men and women in relationships. Some key points made include: - Men and women are more alike than different, though women tend to prioritize feelings and relationships while men focus more on thoughts and accomplishments. - Both biological and environmental factors influence gender behaviors and roles. While brain structures differ slightly on average between sexes, variability within each sex is greater than between them. - Traditional gender roles and stereotypes are changing as more women work outside the home and divisions of labor become less rigid, though some stereotypes and inequalities persist. - Future gender roles may see a diminishing division of labor and identity more detached from traditional roles, moving toward androgyn

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Men, Women and

    Relationships
    Jane Freeman, LISW
    Akron, Ohio
    Points to consider
    • Men and women are more alike than they
    are different.
    • Woman really want to be married to
    women in men’s bodies.
    • The job of the male of the species is to get
    their seeds into the next generation; the
    job of the female of the species in to raise
    the young to maturity
    Women Men
    • Feelings • Thoughts
    • Relationships • Things
    • Affiliation • Accomplishments
    • Character first • Attraction first
    • Integration of love • Love and lust not
    and lust necessarily related
    Is it all a matter of

    X or Y ?
    What are nature’s differences?
    • Size of the brain
    • Density of the gray matter
    • Transfer of information between spheres
    (via the corpus callosum); women’s “cc” is
    larger, but these results are not consistent
    Common patterns of relating
    MEN WOMEN
    Physical Verbal
    Action Attend
    Fix Empathy
    Forget Remember
    Instrumentality expressiveness
    accomplishment
    Androcentrism
    • Good on details • Picky
    • Follows through • Doesn’t know when to quit
    • Pushy
    • Assertive • Rigid
    • Stands firm • “She’s been around”
    • “Man of the world” • Outspoken and opinionated
    • Not afraid to say what he • Secretive
    thinks • Power crazy
    • Close-mouthed • Sleeps her way to the top
    • Exercises authority
    • Climber the ladder of success • Difficult to work for
    • Stern task-master
    Gender & Behavior
    • Male & Female Stereotypes
    – Androcentrism persists: stereotypes based on:
    • Instrumentality (men) vs. expressiveness (women)
    • Since 1980s, stereotypes less rigid
    • Male stereotypes more complimentary
    • Gender Similarities and Differences
    – Cognitive
    • Verbal and math differences small
    • Spatial perception favors males
    – Personality
    • Small differences in self-esteem
    • Physical vs. verbal & relational aggression
    • Sexual attitudes
    – Men want sex more often
    – Women connect sex & intimacy
    – Aggression & sex for men
    – Women’s attitudes shaped by culture and situational factors
    • Communication
    – Women more tentative in speech
    – Women skilled in non-verbal communication
    • Gender Similarities & Differences (continued)
    – Disorders
    • Anti-social, alcoholism and drug related problems more in men
    • Depression & anxiety more common with women
    • Women’s illnesses a turning ‘inward’; men illnesses are turning “outward”
    – Greater variability within sexes as opposed to between sexes
    – Gender variability prone to appearing and disappearing
    according to cultural norms: i.e., “….what's expected of me?
    • Biological Origins
    – Evolutionary Origins?
    • Men’s biological sexual behavior more active & permissive related
    to having multiple partners
    – Brain “Organization”
    • Left brain for verbal & math; right for visual/spatial orientation
    • Corpus callosum? Intra-brain communication
    – Hormones
    • Pre-natal exposure influences orientation
    • Sex and Aggressive behavior: testosterone a factor, but “chicken &
    egg “ factor possible
    • Environmental Influences
    – Socialization & Gender Roles
    • Processes
    – Reinforcement & Punishment
    – Observational Learning
    – Self-Socialization (gender schema=self-concept)
    • Sources of Influence
    – Parents
    – Peers (4-12 stick with same gender); boys roam; girls stick closer to
    home
    – Schools-treatment of boys vs. girls varies
    – Media (shows, video games, cartoons & commercials)
    • Gender Roles
    – Male Role Expectations
    • Achievement
    • Aggression
    • Autonomy
    • Sexuality

    – Today, changing emphasis on


    • Economic achievement vs. physical strength
    • Organizational power vs. aggressiveness
    • Self-control vs. emotional inexpressiveness
    • Gender Roles (continued)
    – Problems for men:
    • Pressure to succeed
    • The difficulty with “tender” emotions
    • Sexual problems: e.g., confusion between intimacy and sex;
    homophobia
    • Gender Roles (continued)
    – Role Expectations for Women
    • Marriage mandate (see Newsweek article June 2006)
    • Motherhood mandate
    • Work outside of home

    – Problems for Women


    • Diminished career aspirations: ability/achievement gap
    • Multiple role juggling (60% work outside of home; most women still do all or most
    of housework)
    • Ambivalence towards sexuality: fear of pregnancy; menstruation; passive role or
    feeling shame; focus on romance
    • Sexism persists in the workplace: jobs & differential treatment at work
    • Aggressive behavior towards women: harassment in general with associated
    social costs
    • Future Gender Roles?
    – Division of labor (m/f) function diminishing: no need
    – Traditional roles no longer make practical sense
    – Strong identity with traditional roles is often a source of negative outcomes: strain of
    conformance in marriages particularly evident
    – Androgyny: m/f characteristics in all of us
    • Bem’s analysis of androgynous vs. traditional role health: conflicting results
    – Four possible basic identities
    • Androgynous (HF/HM
    • Masculine (if male) or Cross Gendered (if female) (HM/LF)
    • Feminine (if female) or Cross-Gendered (if male) (HF/LM)
    • Undifferentiated LM/LF)
    – Gender Role Transcendence: decoupling of traits
    – A Gender Free Society? Pros and Cons
    From: Robert Weber, The New Yorker Collection
    From: Robert Weber The New Yorker Collection 2002
    • Other Perspectives on Gender Differences
    (www.mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/chap9/chap9o.htm)

    • Striving for Superiority


    – Differences in Core Values: women develop relationships; men
    strive for power; competition vs. cooperation
    – Developmental Psychology: boys’ aggressiveness and
    resistance to control by girls
    – Linguistics: Men strive to prove themselves; women try to be
    liked
    – Learning: Women try to identify with person expressing a
    different opinion; men immediately start to argue and question
    • Other Perspectives (continued)
    • “Fatal Attraction” (SROK or Sex Ratio of Killing)
    Psychology Today March/April 1993

    – For every 100 men who kill their wives, 75 women kill their husbands
    – Men kill with revelations of infidelity, a planned murder suicide or
    familicidal massacre; women kill for self-defense
    – This symmetry in killings has persisted for last 40 years…not gun-
    prevalence-in-home related or assumption of male roles by women
    – Higher female ratio in de facto unions, African-American marriages, and
    couple who lived together vs. apart
    – Higher prevalence with women who are surrounded by her relatives
    – Higher prevalence among women trying to defend her children from
    previous relationship against current mates
    • Other Perspectives (continued)
    • “Long Way to Go Baby”
    Psychology Today
    – Subliminally Sexist Ads
    – Research based on Ms, Good Housekeeping, Rolling
    Stone, Sports Illustrated, GQ and Time
    – 2/3 of ads portray women as unequal partners, particularly in
    women’s magazines; beer ads have shown much improvement
    – More ads showing men in less of an authoritarian role; but women
    still shown in images in more sexist and demeaning messages
    • Other Perspectives (continued)
    • The Gender Trap: Herb Goldberg
    – Traditional roles are not “natural”. What we see are unnatural
    polarities:
    • Requires suppression in women of
    – Aggression
    – Assertion
    – Autonomy
    – Sexuality
    • Exaggerated presentation of above four (4) by men
    • The Gender Trap (continued)
    – The Romantic Addiction
    • The more polarized , the more initial romantic euphoria
    • In the end, though, it’s all fighting and no sex
    • Were “hopelessly in love”. Now are hopelessly antagonistic
    • What about the “liberation movement of past decades?
    – Traditional female processes and liberation content but traditional process

    – The New Male-Female Relationship (per Goldberg)


    • Playmates: seek each other out
    • Friends: growth for one a plus for the other
    • Companions: balanced attraction to each other’s worlds
    • Lovers: more a reflection of the relationship, not cultural norms
    The Sexes and Sex

    ♂ ♀
    Sexual desire as default Relationship
    position maintenance

    To get seeds into next To raise the next


    generation generation
    Gottman’s Research

    ♂ ♀
    • 70% of relationship
    maintenance issues
    • Allows husband’s
    influence
    • Physical resiliency
    after arguments

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