Network/Socket Programming in Java: Rajkumar Buyya

Network/Socket
Programming in Java
Rajkumar Buyya
Elements of C-S
Computing
Client
Re
qu
es
a client, a server, and network
Server
Re
s
Client machine
Network
ul
Server machine
java.net
Used to manage:
URL streams
Client/server sockets
Datagrams
Part III - Networking

ServerSocket(1234)
Output/write stream
Input/read stream
Socket(128.250.25.158, 1234)
Server_name: manjira.cs.mu.oz.au
Server side Socket

Operations
1. Open Server Socket:
ServerSocket server;
DataOutputStream os;
DataInputStream is;
server = new ServerSocket( PORT );
2. Wait for Client Request:
Socket client = server.accept();
3. Create I/O streams for communicating to clients
is = new DataInputStream( client.getInputStream() );
os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
4. Perform communication with client
Receiive from client: String line = is.readLine();
Send to client: os.writeBytes("Hello\n");
5. Close sockets: client.close();
For multithreade server:
while(true) {
i. wait for client requests (step 2 above)
ii. create a thread with client socket as parameter (the thread creates streams (as in step
(3) and does communication as stated in (4). Remove thread once service is provided.
}
Client side Socket Operations
1. Get connection to server:

client = new Socket( server, port_id );
2. Create I/O streams for communicating to clients
os = new
DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
3. Perform communication with client
Receiive from client: String line = is.readLine();
Send to client: os.writeBytes("Hello\n");
4. Close sockets: client.close();
A simple server (simplified code)

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ASimpleServer {
public static void main(String args[]) {
// Register service on port 1234
ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(1234);
Socket s1=s.accept(); // Wait and accept a connection
// Get a communication stream associated with the socket
OutputStream s1out = s1.getOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream (s1out);
// Send a string!
dos.writeUTF(Hi there);
// Close the connection, but not the server socket
dos.close();
s1out.close();
s1.close();
}
}
A simple client (simplified code)

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// Open your connection to a server, at port 1234
Socket s1 = new Socket("130.63.122.1",1234);
// Get an input file handle from the socket and read the input
InputStream s1In = s1.getInputStream();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s1In);
String st = new String (dis.readUTF());
System.out.println(st);
// When done, just close the connection and exit
dis.close();
s1In.close();
s1.close();
}
}
Echo Server Client..

//client.java: client interface to server
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class client
{
int port_id;
String server; Socket slink;
DataOutputStream os;
DataInputStream is;
DataInputStream kbd;
public client( String args[] )
{
server = args[0];
port_id = Integer.valueOf(args[1]).intValue();
try
{
slink = new Socket( server, port_id );
os = new DataOutputStream( slink.getOutputStream() );
is = new DataInputStream( slink.getInputStream() );
kbd = new DataInputStream( System.in );
}

catch( UnknownHostException e )
{
System.err.println( "Don't know about host: " );
System.exit(1);
}
catch( IOException e )
{
System.err.println( "Could not get I/O for the connection to "+server);
System.exit(1);
}
}
void communicate()
{
while(true)
{
try {
System.out.print("Enter Input <end to stop>: ");
String line = kbd.readLine();
os.writeBytes( line+"\n" );

if( line.equals("end") )
{
os.close(); is.close(); slink.close();
break;
}
String line2 = is.readLine();
System.out.println("Output: "+line2);
}
{
System.out.println(e); }
}
}
public static void main( String [] args )
{
if( args.length < 2 )
{
System.out.println("Usage: java client server_name port_id" );
System.exit(1);
}
client cln = new client( args );
cln.communicate();
}
}
Echo Server ...

// server.java: echo server
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class server
{
// public final static int PORT = 4779;
public static void main( String [] args )
{
ServerSocket server = null;
DataOutputStream os = null;
DataInputStream is = null;
boolean shutdown = false;
if( args.length < 1 )
{
System.out.println( "Usage: java server port_num" );
System.exit( 1 );
}
int PORT = Integer.valueOf(args[0]).intValue();
try {
server = new ServerSocket( PORT );
}
Echo Server ...

{
System.err.println( "Could not get I/O for the connection to:
");
}
while(!shutdown)
{
if( server != null )
{
try
{
Socket client = server.accept();
System.out.println("Connected");
InetAddress cip = client.getInetAddress();
System.out.println( "Client IP Addr: "+cip.toString());
os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
for(;;)
{
String line = is.readLine();
if( line == null )
break;
Echo Server ...

if( line.startsWith("end" ) )
{
shutdown = true;
break;
}
os.writeBytes(line.toUpperCase());
os.writeBytes("\n");
System.out.println(line);
}
is.close(); client.close();
}
catch( UnknownHostException e )
{
System.err.println( "Server Open fails" );
}
{
System.err.println( "Could not get I/O for the connection to:"+args[0]);
}
}
}
Echo Server
System.out.println( "Server Down" );
try {
server.close();
} catch(IOException e) {}
}
}
Threads in Action...
Multithreaded Server
Server Process
Client
Process
Server
Threads
Client Process
User Mode
Kernel Mode
Message Passing
Facility
Client/Server Computing
Rajkumar Buyya
Client Server Definition
server software accepts requests

for data from client software and
returns the results to the client
Elements of C-S
Computing
Client
Re
qu
es
a client, a server, and network
Server
Re
s
Client machine
Network
ul
Server machine
Where Operations are Done

In CS Relationship most of the
application processing is done on a
computer (client side), which obtains
application services (such as
database services) from another
computer (server side) in a master
slave configuration.
CS-Focus is on
In client-server computing
major
focus
is
on
SOFTWARE
Application Tasks
User
UserInterface
Interface
Presentation
PresentationLogic
Logic
Application
ApplicationLogic
Logic
Data
DataRequests
Requests&
&Results
Results
Physical
PhysicalData
DataManagement
Management
Client (dumb) - Server Model
ey
str
ok
Server
Client
Di
Presentation Logic
Network
sp
lay
s
Application Logic
DBMS
True Client-Server Model
ey
str
ok
Server
Client
Application Logic
Presentation Logic
Network
Pr
o
Re ces
su se d
lts
DBMS
Distributed Client-Server
Model
Application Logic
Presentation Logic
Server
Pr
Q o ce
u e ss
r ie e d
s
Client
Application Logic
Network
Pr
o
Re ces
su se d
lts
DBMS
Client-server computing is
distributed access, not a distributed
computing.
RPC Look and Feel like Local Calls

calling results=
results=
called
bar(arguments) procedure bar(arguments) procedure
arguments
server stub
network transport
request message
Network
Remote Procedure Call
reply message
reply message
request message
results
arguments
called
procedure
(client)
Local Procedure Call
network transport
results
results
arguments
results=
calling
procedure bar(arguments)
(client)
client stub
Flow Control in a Sychronous RPC

Client Machine
Server Machine
Service Daemon Listening
Client
Program
RPC Call
Client
Waiting
Netw
o
rk
return ( )
reply
May be the same machine
return() answer
Service Executes
with Request
Invoke Service
Service Call
Request Completed
Multithreaded Server
Client
Process
Server Process
Server
Threads
Client Process
User Mode
Kernel Mode
Message Passing
Facility
Categories of Servers
File Server
Data Server
Compute Server
Database Server
Communication Server
Video Server
File Server
File Servers manage a work groups application

and data files, so that they may be shared by the
group.
Very I/O oriented
Pull large amount of data off the storage
subsystem and pass the data over the network
Requires many slots for network connections
and a large-capacity, fast hard disk subsystem.
Compute Server
Performs Application logic processing

Compute Servers requires
processors
with
high
capabilities
large amounts of memory
relatively low disk subsystems
performance
By separating data from the computation

processing, the compute servers processing
capabilities can be optimized
Data Server
Data-oriented; used only for data storage and

management
Since a data server can serve more than one
compute server, compute-intensive applications
can be spread among multiple severs
Does not prefer any application logic
processing
Performs processes such as
data
validation, required as part
of the data
management function.
Requires fast processor, large amount of
memory and substantial Hard disk capacity.
Data
Server
Compute
Server
Database Server
Most typical use of technology in client-server

Accepts requests for data, retrieves the data from its
database(or requests data from another node)and
passes the results back.
Compute server with data server provides the same
functionality.
The server requirement depends on the size of
database, speed with which the database must be
updated, number of users and type of network used.
Communication Server
Provides gateway to other LANs,
networks & Computers
E-mail Server & internet server
Modest system requirements
multiple slots
fast processor to translate
networking protocols
Internet Server
PC client
Internet Server
Local Area
Network
UNIX workstations
Distributed processing
application connects to remote
database
S Q L*
Forms
SQL *Net
TCP/IP
Distributed database application

connects to local database which
connects to remote database
UNIX Server
SQL *Net
TCP/IP
SQL *
Forms
SQL *Net
TCP/IP
ORACL
E
ORACLE
Database Configurations
Client-Server Waves
Intergalactic era
client/server
Ethernet era
client/server
First Wave
File
servers
1982
1986
Second Wave
Database
servers
re
a
pw
u
gro
s
TPitor
n
mo
1990
1994
Third Wave
Distributed
objects
1998
The Client/Server
Infrastructure
Client
Middleware
Service Specific
SQL/IDAPI
GUI/OOUI
TxRPC
Mail
Server
ORB
DSM
SNMP
CMIP
DME
Operating System
Directory
Security
Distributed file
RPC
Messaging
Peer-to-peer
Transport Stack
NetBIOS
TCP/IP
Groupware
TP
monitor
NOS
DSM
Objects
IPX/SPX
SNA
DBMS
DSM
Operating System

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Network/Socket

a client, a server, and network

Part III - Networking

Server side Socket

Client side Socket Operations

1. Get connection to server:

A simple server (simplified code)

A simple client (simplified code)

Echo Server Client..

Echo Server Client..

Echo Server Client..

Echo Server ...

Echo Server ...

Echo Server ...

Client Server Definition

server software accepts requests

a client, a server, and network

Where Operations are Done

Client (dumb) - Server Model

True Client-Server Model

RPC Look and Feel like Local Calls

Flow Control in a Sychronous RPC

May be the same machine

File Servers manage a work groups application

Performs Application logic processing

By separating data from the computation

Data-oriented; used only for data storage and

Most typical use of technology in client-server

Distributed database application

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