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    Presentation On GSM Network: Ravi Kumar Khandelwal Vii Sem Ec-B

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    prerak kumar joshi
    This presentation provides an overview of GSM network components and operations: 1. It describes the key components of a GSM network including the mobile station, base station subsystem consisting of BTS and BSC, and network switching subsystem including MSC, HLR, VLR, EIR, and AUC. 2. It explains GSM network functions such as call routing for outgoing and incoming calls, and handovers between different network components during a call. 3. It provides details on GSM specifications including frequency bands, carrier separation, modulation, and services supported in different GSM phases.

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    Presentation On GSM Network: Ravi Kumar Khandelwal Vii Sem Ec-B

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    prerak kumar joshi
    44 views35 pages
    This presentation provides an overview of GSM network components and operations: 1. It describes the key components of a GSM network including the mobile station, base station subsystem consisting of BTS and BSC, and network switching subsystem including MSC, HLR, VLR, EIR, and AUC. 2. It explains GSM network functions such as call routing for outgoing and incoming calls, and handovers between different network components during a call. 3. It provides details on GSM specifications including frequency bands, carrier separation, modulation, and services supported in different GSM phases.

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    This presentation provides an overview of GSM network components and operations: 1. It describes the key components of a GSM network including the mobile station, base station subsystem consisting of BTS and BSC, and network switching subsystem including MSC, HLR, VLR, EIR, and AUC. 2. It explains GSM network functions such as call routing for outgoing and incoming calls, and handovers between different network components during a call. 3. It provides details on GSM specifications including frequency bands, carrier separation, modulation, and services supported in different GSM phases.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views35 pages

    Presentation On GSM Network: Ravi Kumar Khandelwal Vii Sem Ec-B

    Uploaded by

    prerak kumar joshi
    This presentation provides an overview of GSM network components and operations: 1. It describes the key components of a GSM network including the mobile station, base station subsystem consisting of BTS and BSC, and network switching subsystem including MSC, HLR, VLR, EIR, and AUC. 2. It explains GSM network functions such as call routing for outgoing and incoming calls, and handovers between different network components during a call. 3. It provides details on GSM specifications including frequency bands, carrier separation, modulation, and services supported in different GSM phases.

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    of 35

    Presentation on GSM

    Network

    RAVI KUMAR PRERAK KUMAR


    KHANDELWAL JOSHI
    VII SEM VII SEM
    EC-B EC -B
    COMPANY

    •Nokia Siemens
    Networks
    NOKIA SIEMENS

    • Telecom Service Provisions


    – GSM
    – Basic
    – Internet
    – GSM Service Provider in INDIA
    – Basic Service Provide FOR VODAFONE.
    ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
    PROMOTERS

    TECHNICAL
    E PLANNING
    MARKETING
    E IMPLEMENTATION SALES E CUSTOMER CARE
    E OPERATIONS

    OPERATIONS SYSTEM SUPPORT


    E BILLING
    SUPPORT FUNCTIONS E IT
    E HR, ADMIN, ACCOUNTS
    E ACTIVATIONS
    Cellular Communication
    • A cellular system links Mobile subscribers to
    Public Telephone System or to another Mobile
    subscribers.

    • It removes the fixed wiring used in a traditional


    telephone installation.

    • Mobile subscriber is able to move around,


    perhaps can travel in a vehicle .
    The CELL

     What is a cell ?

     A cell is a certain area


    that can be reached
    with one transceiver

    or
     A small collection of BTS
    transceivers on
    different channels at a
    single base site.
    The hexagonal-shaped communication cells are
    artificial & are generated to simplify the planning &
    design of a cellular network.
    Cells
    What is GSM ?
    Global System for Mobile (GSM)
    is a second generation cellular
    standard developed to cater voice
    services and data delivery using
    digital modulation.
    GSM - IN CELLULAR TELEPHONY
    • Each Cell in the Cellular Network consists of
    one or more RF carriers.
    • An RF carrier is a pair of radio frequencies
    – One used in upward direction by MS - Uplink
    – Other used in downward direction by BTS -
    Downlink
    – The transmit and receive frequencies are
    separated by a gap of 45 MHz in GSM of 75 MHz in
    DCS.
    • There are 124 carries in GSM Band. With each
    Uplink-Downlink

    Downlink = 935 to 960 MHz

    BTS Tx MS Rx
    dl

    Uplink = 890 to 915 MHz

    BTS Rx MS Tx
    ul
    SERVICES
    It contains two phases.
     Phase 1
     Phase 1 contains the most common services including:
     • Voice telephony
     • International roaming
     • Basic fax/data services (up to 9.6 kbits/s)
     • Call forwarding
     • Call barring
     • Short Message Service (SMS)
     Phase 1 also incorporated features such as ciphering and Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards. Phase
    1 specifications were then closed and cannot be modified.

     Phase 2
     Additional features were introduced in GSM phase 2 including:
     • Advice of charge
     • Calling line identification
     • Call waiting
     • Call hold
     • Conference calling
     • Closed user groups
     • Additional data communications capabilities
    GSM System Architecture PSTN
    ISDN
    PDN
    BSC
    MS BTS
    MSC

    GMSC

    BTS BSC

    VLR
    MS

    BTS EIR
    AUC
    MS HLR
    GSM System Architecture-I
    • Mobile Station (MS)
    Mobile Equipment (ME)
    Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
    • Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
    Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
    Base Station Controller (BSC)
    • Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)
    Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
    Home Location Register (HLR)
    Visitor Location Register (VLR)
    Authentication Center (AUC)
    Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
    System Architecture
    Mobile Station (MS)

    The Mobile Station is made up of two


    entities:
    1. Mobile Equipment (ME)
    2. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
    System Architecture
    Mobile Station (MS)
    Mobile Equipment

    • Portable,vehicle mounted, hand held


    device
    • Uniquely identified by an IMEI
    (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
    • Voice and data transmission
    • Power level : 0.8W – 20 W
    System Architecture
    Mobile Station (MS) contd

    Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

    • Smart card contains the International Mobile


    Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
    • Allows user to send and receive calls and receive
    other subscribed services
    • Encoded network identification details
    - Key Ki,Kc and A3,A5 and A8 algorithms
    • Protected by a password or PIN
    • Can be moved from phone to phone – contains key
    information to activate the ph
    SIM
     Subscriber Identity Module
    --------
    The SIM stores ------
    --------
    ------
    – Subscriber Parameters
    – Personal Data for identifying Full Size SIM Card
    Subscriber to the Network.
    – IMSI,, MSISDN, PIN, PUK, Ki, Small SIM

    (for Kc generation) --------


    ------
    – Space reserved for TMSI & LAI --------
    ------
    System Architecture
    Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
    Base Station Subsystem is composed of
    two parts that communicate across the
    standardized Abis interface allowing
    operation between components made by
    different suppliers

    1. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)


    2. Base Station Controller (BSC)
    A BTS Cabinet

    NETC
    INNER VIEW OMP OUTER VIEW
    System Architecture
    Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

    -Base Transceiver Station (BTS):

    • Encodes,encrypts,multiplexes,modulates
    and feeds the RF signals to the antenna.
    • Communicates with Mobile station and
    BSC
    • Consists of Transceivers (TRX) units
    System Architecture
    Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

    Base Station Controller (BSC):

    • Manages Radio resources for BTS


    • Assigns Frequency and time slots for all MS’s
    in its area
    • Handles call set up
    • Transcoding and rate adaptation functionality
    • Handover for each MS
    • It communicates with MSC and BTS
    System Architecture
    Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)

    Mobile Switching Center (MSC)


    •Heart of the network
    •Manages communication between GSM and other networks
    •Call setup function and basic switching
    •Call routing
    •Billing information and collection
    •Mobility management
    - Registration
    - Location Updating
    - Inter BSS and inter MSC call handoff
    •MSC does gateway function while its customer
    roams to other network by using HLR/VLR.
    MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE

    NETC
    OMP
    System Architecture
    Network Switching Subsystem
    • Home Location Registers (HLR)
    - Permanent database about mobile subscribers in a
    large service area(generally one per GSM network
    operator)
    - Database contains IMSI,MSISDN,prepaid/postpaid,
    roaming restrictions,supplementary services.
    • Visitor Location Registers (VLR)
    - Temporary database which updates whenever new MS
    enters its area, by HLR database
    - Controls those mobiles roaming in its area
    - Reduces number of queries to HLR
    - Database contains IMSI,TMSI,MSISDN,MSRN,Location
    Area,authentication key
    System Architecture
    Network Switching Subsystem

    • Authentication Center (AUC)


    - Protects against intruders in air interface
    - Maintains authentication keys and algorithms and
    provides security triplets ( RAND,SRES,Kc)
    - Generally associated with HLR

    • Equipment Identity Register (EIR)


    - Database that is used to track handsets using the
    IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
    - Made up of three sub-classes: The White List, The
    Black List and the Gray List
    - Only one EIR per PLMN
    GSM Specifications-1
    • RF Spectrum

    GSM 900
    Mobile to BTS (uplink): 890-915 MHz
    BTS to Mobile(downlink):935-960 MHz
    Bandwidth : 2* 25 MHz

    GSM 1800
    Mobile to BTS (uplink): 1710-1785 MHz
    BTS to Mobile(downlink) 1805-1880 MHz
    Bandwidth : 2* 75 MHz
    GSM Specification-II

    • Carrier Separation : 200 KHz


    • Duplex Distance : 45 MHz
    • No. of RF carriers : 124
    • Access Method : TDMA/FDMA
    • Modulation Method : GMSK
    • Modulation data rate : 270.833 Kbps
    Call Routing
    • Call Originating from MS
    • Call termination to MS
    Outgoing Call
    1. MS sends dialed number to
    BSS
    2. BSS sends dialed number to
    MSC
    3,4 MSC checks VLR if MS is
    allowed the requested
    service. If so, MSC asks BSS
    to allocate resources for call.
    5 MSC routes the call to GMSC
    6 GMSC routes the call to
    local exchange of called user
    7, 8,
    9,10 Answer back(ring back)
    tone is routed from called
    user to MS via
    GMSC,MSC,BSS
    Incoming Call
    1. Calling a GSM subscribers
    2. Forwarding call to GMSC
    3. Signal Setup to HLR
    4. 5. Request MSRN from VLR
    6. Forward responsible MSC
    to GMSC
    7. Forward Call to current
    MSC
    8. 9. Get current status of MS
    10.11. Paging of MS
    12.13. MS answers
    14.15. Security checks
    16.17. Set up connection
    Handovers

    * Between 1 and 2 – Inter


    BTS / Intra BSC

    *Between 1 and 3 –Inter


    BSC/ Intra MSC

    * Between 1 and 4 – Inter


    MSC
    Characteristics of GSM Standard
    • Fully digital system using 900,1800 MHz frequency band.
    • TDMA over radio carriers(200 KHz carrier spacing.
    • 8 full rate or 16 half rate TDMA channels per carrier.
    • User/terminal authentication for fraud control.
    • Encryption of speech and data transmission over the
    radio path.
    • Full international roaming capability.
    • Low speed data services (up to 9.6 Kb/s).
    • Compatibility with ISDN.
    • Support of Short Message Service (SMS).
    Grazie Hebrew
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    Thank
    Portuguese

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    Danke
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