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    Philosophy

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    Allen Magpoc
    Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It is a science that uses natural reason to study all things in the world through their ultimate principles and causes. Philosophy has two main branches - speculative philosophy which studies the absolute and divine, and practical philosophy which applies philosophical techniques to everyday life. Some key areas of philosophy include logic, ethics, epistemology, cosmology, metaphysics, and aesthetics. Major philosophers that are discussed include Christian thinkers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine, and Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

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    Philosophy

    Uploaded by

    Allen Magpoc
    419 views23 pages
    Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It is a science that uses natural reason to study all things in the world through their ultimate principles and causes. Philosophy has two main branches - speculative philosophy which studies the absolute and divine, and practical philosophy which applies philosophical techniques to everyday life. Some key areas of philosophy include logic, ethics, epistemology, cosmology, metaphysics, and aesthetics. Major philosophers that are discussed include Christian thinkers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine, and Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

    Original Description:

    Module 1

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    Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It is a science that uses natural reason to study all things in the world through their ultimate principles and causes. Philosophy has two main branches - speculative philosophy which studies the absolute and divine, and practical philosophy which applies philosophical techniques to everyday life. Some key areas of philosophy include logic, ethics, epistemology, cosmology, metaphysics, and aesthetics. Major philosophers that are discussed include Christian thinkers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine, and Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    419 views23 pages

    Philosophy

    Uploaded by

    Allen Magpoc
    Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It is a science that uses natural reason to study all things in the world through their ultimate principles and causes. Philosophy has two main branches - speculative philosophy which studies the absolute and divine, and practical philosophy which applies philosophical techniques to everyday life. Some key areas of philosophy include logic, ethics, epistemology, cosmology, metaphysics, and aesthetics. Major philosophers that are discussed include Christian thinkers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine, and Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Module 1

    Understanding
    Philosophy
    and Its Branches

    Unit I: Essence of Philosophy

    What is Philosophy?
    - Philosophy comes from the Greek words
    philein, which means to love; and
    sophia,
    which
    means
    wisdom.
    Etymologically speaking, philosophy
    therefore necessarily means love of
    wisdom. Consequently, philosophers are
    lovers of wisdom.

    Four Main Points of Philosophy


    Philosophy is a science
    Science of things
    Ultimate principles and causes
    Known only by natural reason

    Philosophy is a science
    - It is a science of sciences, because it is a
    systematic body of knowledge which is not
    only based on ideas, theories, and
    hypothesis but on knowledge that
    conforms to reality.

    Science of things
    - Philosophy is concerned with everything
    in the world as far as the human mind can
    reach, from the microscopic particles to
    the giant mountains. Nothing is exempted,
    all things are the concern of philosophy.

    Ultimate principles and causes


    - In their ultimate cause, it tells us all
    about asking and answering not only the
    facts and causes but which conforms to
    reality.

    Known only by natural reason


    - Philosophy does not use a piece of
    equipment, a laboratory device, etc. The
    philosopher uses his natural reason,
    particularly, human reasoning.

    Types of Philosophy
    Speculative Philosophy
    Practical Philosophy

    Speculative Philosophy
    It is a philosophy professing to be
    founded upon intuitive or a prior insight
    into the nature of the Absolute and Divine.

    Practical Philosophy
    It is the use of philosophy and
    philosophical techniques in everyday life.
    This can take a number of forms including
    reflective practice, personal philosophical
    thinking and philosophical counselling.

    Branches of Philosophy

    Logic
    Ethics
    Epistemology
    Cosmology

    Metaphysics
    Aesthetics

    Logic
    - This is the theory of correct reasoning,
    which seeks to investigate and establish
    the criteria of valid interference and
    demonstration.

    Ethics
    - Ethics is the study of the morality of
    human act. Ethics and morality are often
    used
    interchangeably
    as
    ethics
    is
    sometimes called moral philosophy.

    Epistemology
    Epistemology is also known as the
    theory of knowledge. It is a branch of
    philosophy that concerns itself with the
    nature of knowledge, its possibility, scope,
    and general basis.

    Cosmology
    - Cosmology is a philosophical search for
    the deeper understanding of the material
    universe and the ultimate constituent
    principles of material beings or it is the
    science of the universe.

    Metaphysics
    Metaphysics studies the nature of
    beings. It tries to answer the questions:
    What is a being? and What are the
    fundamental properties of being?

    Aesthetics
    - This is also known as the philosophy of
    art. This is the philosophical study of art
    and of value judgments about art, and of
    beauty in general.

    Theodicy
    - This is a discipline that deals with the
    existence, nature, and attributes of God in
    the light of the truth arrived at by our
    human reason alone.

    Unit II: Understanding Some


    Philosophers

    Christian Philosophers

    St. Thomas Aquinas


    St. Augustine

    Greek Philosophers

    Socrates
    Plato
    Aristotle

    Other Philosophers

    Confucius
    Karl Marx

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