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    Introduction To Clinical and Counselling Psychology 03

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    Ram Lifschitz
    This document provides an overview of research methods in clinical psychology. It discusses the four basic questions in clinical psychology research: research, diagnostics and assessment, interventions, and applications. It also outlines several special fields of application, including community psychology, health psychology, neuropsychology, forensic psychology, and pediatric/child psychology. Additionally, it describes the scientist-practitioner model and the importance of clinicians having research skills. The document then examines various research methods used in clinical psychology, including observation, epidemiological research, correlational studies, experimental methods, case studies, and single case designs. It also discusses important considerations like the connections between theory and research outcomes.

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    Introduction To Clinical and Counselling Psychology 03

    Uploaded by

    Ram Lifschitz
    204 views30 pages
    This document provides an overview of research methods in clinical psychology. It discusses the four basic questions in clinical psychology research: research, diagnostics and assessment, interventions, and applications. It also outlines several special fields of application, including community psychology, health psychology, neuropsychology, forensic psychology, and pediatric/child psychology. Additionally, it describes the scientist-practitioner model and the importance of clinicians having research skills. The document then examines various research methods used in clinical psychology, including observation, epidemiological research, correlational studies, experimental methods, case studies, and single case designs. It also discusses important considerations like the connections between theory and research outcomes.

    Original Description:

    a presentation in the intro to clinical counseling course

    Original Title

    Introduction to Clinical and Counselling Psychology 03

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    This document provides an overview of research methods in clinical psychology. It discusses the four basic questions in clinical psychology research: research, diagnostics and assessment, interventions, and applications. It also outlines several special fields of application, including community psychology, health psychology, neuropsychology, forensic psychology, and pediatric/child psychology. Additionally, it describes the scientist-practitioner model and the importance of clinicians having research skills. The document then examines various research methods used in clinical psychology, including observation, epidemiological research, correlational studies, experimental methods, case studies, and single case designs. It also discusses important considerations like the connections between theory and research outcomes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    204 views30 pages

    Introduction To Clinical and Counselling Psychology 03

    Uploaded by

    Ram Lifschitz
    This document provides an overview of research methods in clinical psychology. It discusses the four basic questions in clinical psychology research: research, diagnostics and assessment, interventions, and applications. It also outlines several special fields of application, including community psychology, health psychology, neuropsychology, forensic psychology, and pediatric/child psychology. Additionally, it describes the scientist-practitioner model and the importance of clinicians having research skills. The document then examines various research methods used in clinical psychology, including observation, epidemiological research, correlational studies, experimental methods, case studies, and single case designs. It also discusses important considerations like the connections between theory and research outcomes.

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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that clinical psychology involves research, diagnostics and assessment, interventions and applications. Some special fields include community psychology, health psychology, neuropsychology, forensic psychology and pediatric psychology.

    Some special fields of application in clinical psychology include community psychology/mental hygiene, health psychology, neuropsychology, forensic psychology, and pediatric and clinical child psychology.

    Some of the main research methods discussed in clinical psychology include observations, epidemiological research, correlational studies, experimental methods, and single case designs.

    Research Methods in

    Clinical Psychology
    Zoltan Kovary PhD
    ELTE PPK
    Department of Clinical Psychology and Addictology
    2015/16 Autumn Semester

    The four basic questions in


    clinical psychology

    Research
    Diagnostics and
    assessment
    Interventions
    Applications

    Special fields of application

    Community
    psychology
    /mentalhygiene
    Health psychology
    Neuropschology
    Forensic psychology
    Pediatric and clinical
    child psychology

    The scientist-practioner
    model

    Why do clinicians need to have


    research skills?
    They participate inclininical
    reasearches
    Psychopathology
    Therapy effectiveness
    They participate in higher
    education

    Students PhD
    Instructors

    They have to use scientific


    approach in evaluating and
    choosing assessment and
    intervention methods

    The basic questions in


    clinical research

    The connections between


    theory and research
    The aims of research

    Collecting data/evidences
    Establishing relationships
    Exploration of causality
    Changing theories

    Research fields

    Studying psychopathology
    Developing/designing
    assessment methods
    Studying effectiveness of
    therapies

    The connections between theory


    and observation (research)

    Research outcomes and theories


    an example
    Classic approach to
    Borderline PD

    Psychanalytic case studies


    Early obeject relations and
    self development
    Conflicts and deficits in
    early development
    Fixation regression
    hypothesis
    The idea of isomorhism:
    early (primitive) = adult
    pathological formations

    Current approch to
    Borderline PD

    Observations (traumas)
    Empirical research (Occurance
    of sexual abuse: 66%)
    Early fixation is not necessary
    New theory about coegsistent
    senses of selves and their
    possible injuries
    The early (primitive) and the
    adult pathologic formations
    are not isomorhic

    Self development according


    to Kohut and D. Stern

    The methods of clinical


    research

    Observation
    Epidemological research
    Correlational studies
    Cross sectional vs
    longitudinal approaches
    Experimental method
    Single case designs
    (Mixed designs)

    How do we choose a
    research method?

    The four most important questions/fields in


    personality/clinical research

    Runyan, 1997

    Hard and soft traditions in


    personality (clinical) research

    Runyan, 1997

    The three levels of personality


    constructs (McAdams & Pals, 2007)

    Kutatsi krdsek s mdszerek a


    klnbz szinteken

    McAdams, Pals,2007

    Observations

    Non systematic
    observations
    Naturalistic
    observations
    Controlled observations
    Case studies

    Case studies

    Idiographic approach, using qaulitative


    methods
    In depth study of a particaular person
    The borders of the phenomenon and its
    context blurs
    Social context
    Life history context
    Significant clinical traditions
    Psychoanalysis
    Existentialism
    Humanistic psychology
    Methods:
    Interview
    (Projective) tests
    Presenting & interpreting therapeutic
    process

    Freuds famous case studies

    Anna O (with J. Breuer, 1895)


    Hysteria
    Dora (1905)
    Hysteria
    Little Hans (1909)
    Phobia
    Schreber (1909)
    Paranoia
    Ratman (1909)
    Obsessive-compulisve neurosis
    Wolfman (1918)
    Obsessive-compulisve neurosis (?)

    Types of case studies

    Protocol scetch of a case


    study

    A, INTRODUCTION

    Aims, questions, hypotheses

    The type of the study

    Justification, theoretical background, literature


    B, IDENTIFICATION OF THE CASE(S)

    Data & location of the case(s)

    Selection criteria

    Contacts

    Licenses
    C, DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES

    Data collection methods (interviews, surveys,


    exploration of enviroment)

    Aspects of data systematization


    D, ADVANCED DATA ANALYSIS

    Theoretical analysis framework

    Processing considerations

    Specific processing procedures

    Control by participants
    E, FIELD REWORK, LETTERS OF THANKS
    F, SCHEDULING RESEARCH

    The process of interpretation


    The hermeneutic
    circle
    Reflexivity

    Self-reflection
    Where am I affected in
    this case?
    Epistemological reflection
    What are the limits of
    my approach?
    Educated subjectivity insted
    of strained objectivity!!!

    Case studies: fields of application,


    advantages & disadvantages
    Application
    In natural
    environment
    Requires complex
    multi-faceted
    approach
    Directed to one or
    more defined areas

    Advantages
    Holistic approach
    Detailed
    Lifelike
    Complex
    interrealationships
    Flexibility

    Disadvantages
    Requieres much time
    and sources
    Complicated to carry
    out
    Risky
    Complicted data
    management
    Relatively
    undeveloped
    methodology

    Epidemiological research

    The study of the


    Incidence (new cases)
    Prevalence (what percentage of the
    population is affected eg. In lifetime)
    and distribution of illness or disease
    in a given population
    Examples
    The relationship between
    schizophrenia and socioeconomical
    status
    Lifetime prevalence of disorders
    Filtering vulnerability
    Research methods
    Surveys

    Interviews (structured)

    Correlational studies

    The linear relationship of


    variables
    Variable A
    (eg: low self esteem)
    Variable B
    (eg:
    depression)
    Pearsons coefficient
    Between +1.00 and -1.00
    The question of causality
    The question of a 3rd variable
    beyond

    Cross sectional vs longitudinal


    approach

    Cross-sectional study
    design

    In a given moment
    Correlational studies
    Very common
    Example: How widespread is
    drug use recently?

    Longitudinal research

    Over a period of time


    More complex and complicated
    to carry out
    Example: the lifetime
    prevalence of psychiatric
    illnesses of people who
    experienced war

    Experimental method

    Hypothesis
    Variables

    Independent
    (treatment)
    Dependent (mood)

    Layouts

    Between groups

    Eg: therapeutic effect

    In the group

    Eg: before and after


    treatment

    Single case designs

    Behaviorism, operant
    conditioning
    Experimental method
    + case study
    ABAB research plan

    Defining the basic level

    Research and ethical issues

    Research participants have rights,


    and investigators have
    responsibilities to them
    Informed consent is needed
    Participants individual data and
    responses should be confidential and
    guarded from public scrutiny
    Deception should be used onlywhen
    the research is important and there is
    no alternative
    A debriefing at the end of the
    research is mandatory
    Investigators are under the strictest
    standards of honesty in reporting
    their data

    Thank you for your attention!

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