2013lect4 Pumping System of Fluid

PUMPING SYSTEM
PUMPING SYSTEM
RELIEF VALVES
STATIC SUCTION HEAD/SUCTION LIFT
PUMPING SYTEM
PUMPING SYSTEM
PUMP ENERGY
PUMP ENERGY = FRICTION ENERGY + ELEVATION ENERGY
Terminology used in pumps

Suction head.
Refers to the vertical distance from the surface of water (including
drawdown, if any) to centreline of the pump impeller.
Discharge head.
Is the vertical distance from the centreline of the impeller to point of
discharge.
Total Dynamic Head (TDH).
Is the sum of the suction head, discharge head, hydraulic head losses and
the velocity head.
Drawdown.
Is the lowering of water surface below the static level during pumping.
Terminology used in pumps

Static level.
Is the water level before pumping begins.
Hydraulic loss.
Is loss due to pipe wall friction, elbow design, joints, gate valves, sudden reduction or
enlargement of pipe size. This is expressed in its equivalent height or head of water
loss.
Discharge or capacity.
Refers to the rate of flow or the volume of water pumped per unit time such as gallons
per minute; cubic feet per second; cubic meters per minute; liters per second; etc.
Performance curves.
Is the variation of head with capacity at a constant impeller speed. It also includes
efficiency and brake horsepower curves.
SUCTION LIFT
2
Pompa
P1= atmosfir
h
1
SUCTION
LIFT ?
( P2 P1 ) V22
F
h z 2 z1
)
g
2g
g
Max jika
P2 0
F0
V2 0
P
14,7 lbf/in 2
32.2 lbm .ft 144in 2
34 ft 10m
3
2
2
2
air g 62 ,3 lbm/ft 32.2 ft/s
lbf. s
ft
hmax
Patmosfir
Untuk fluida air

h max = 34 ft=10m
STARTING CENTRIFUGAL
3
2
Pump
PUMP-PRIMING ?
mengisi pompa dengan fluida untuk keperluan start awal
Kenapa mesti dilakukan ?
PERHITUNGAN TEKANAN PADA SUCTION

3
2
Pump
P 3= atmosferik
Berapa P2 ?
Diameter impeler 10 in
Rpm 1800
Pompa penuh berisi air
V32 V22
( r )2 D
P3 P2

2 rpm
2
2
2 2
Pompa berisi air

62,3 lbm/ft 3 10 ft 1800
P3 P2
2
min
12
min 2
lbf .s 2
ft 2
lbf
41
3600 s 2 32,2lbm. ft 144in 2
in 2
P2 41
lbf
in 2
Pompa berisi udara

P2 0 ,05
lbf udara
lbf 0,075 lbm/ft 3
lbf
P3 P2 41 2
41 2
0
,
05
in air
in 62,3 lbm/ft 3
in 2
P
0 ,05 lbf/ft 2
32.2 lbm .ft 144in 2
0 ,1 ft 0 ,03 m
air g 62 ,3 lbm/ft 3 32.2 ft/s 2
lbf. s 2
ft 2
Suction Lift
lbf
in 2
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

In order for the fluid not to vaporize Psuction must higher then Pvapor
NPSH is an amount pressure over the vapor pressure .
PVapor
P suction PVapor
NPSH available
g
g
Psuction
NPSH required =
P suction -PVapor
NPSH Net Positif Suction Head

1
Bernouli point 1 to 2
-h = z2-z1
2
Pump
P2
P1
V22
h
F
g g
2g
Pv
P1
V22
NPSH
h
F
g
g
2g
Pv
g
P
P2
v NPSH
g g
NPSH
V22 V12
P2 P1
z 2 z1
F 0
g
2g
P2 Pv
g
P1 Pv
V22
NPSH
hsuction
F
g g
2g
P
P
Jika 1 v
g g
Q ft3/s
V22
dan F diabaikan
2g
NPSH h
Net Positive Suction Head available, NPSHa

NPSHa is a function of system design
It is the excess pressure of the liquid (in ft) over its vapor pressure as it arrives
at the pump suction, to be sure that the pump selected does not cavitate.
It is calculated based on system or process conditions.
Pressure head or
Barometric
pressure of suction
vessel
Vapor pressure
head
Static suction head,

vertical distance between
the eye of impeller and
suction liquid level
Friction head, friction and

entrance pressure losses
on suction side
P1 Pv
V22
NPSH
hsuction
F
g g
2g
Usually neglected
Atmospheric Pressure - Vapor Pressure + Liquid Height - Friction in the Suction Line
NPSHr
function of the pump
operation.
CALCULATING TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH)
Flooded Suction
Application
100 GPM of HCL at 150 F
100 GPM of HCL at 150 F
CALCULATING NPSHA
NPSHA = Atmospheric Pressure (-) Elevation
Correction (-) Vapor Pressure (+) Suction Head
Atmospheric Pressure = 33.96 ft.
Elevation Correction for 2000 ft. = 33.96 ft. (-) 31.58 ft. = 2.38 ft
Suction Head = 8.7 ft.
Vapor Pressure of HCl at 150 F (Assume VP of HCl = VP of Water) = 8.56 ft.
NPSHA =
33.96 ft.(-) 2.38 ft. (-) 8.56 ft. (+) 8.7 ft. = 31.72 ft
CALCULATING TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD

100 GPM of(TDH)
HCL at 150 F
Total Dynamic Head (TDH) = Elevation(ft) + Friction(ft)
Find the Total Dynamic Head (TDH)

TDH = Total Discharge Head - Total Suction Lift
Suction Static Head-------------------------- 10'
Discharge Static Head---------------------------60'
Friction Suction Side
Friction Discharge Side
Total Length of 3" Pipe----------------------17'
Total Length of 2" Pipe------------------------172'
(1) 90 deg 3" Elbow = 7.7' of Pipe---------7.7'
(2) 45 deg 2" Elbow = 4.8'(2x2.4) of Pipe ---4.8'
(CHART)
(2) 90 deg 2" Elbow = 10.4(2x5.2)of Pipe---10.4'
(1) 3" Gate Valve = 1.6' of Pipe------------1.6'

(CHART)
Total Equivalent Length of 3"Pipe-------26.3'
Friction = 4.96 x 26.3 / 100--------------- 1.3'

(CHART)
Total Suction Head = 10 - 1.30= 8.7'
(1) 2" Gate Valve = 1.1' of Pipe---------------1.1'

(1) 2" Check Valve = 14' of Pipe---------------14'
Total Equivalent Length of 2" Pipe ----------202.3'
Friction = 35.8 x 202.3/100-----------------72.4'
Total Discharge Head = 60 + 72.4 =132.4'
Total Dynamic Head = TDH - TSH= 132.4' - 8.7' = 123.7'
Fitting Losses
Equivalent Length of Pipe in Feet
Pipe
Diameter
Gate
Valves
1.5"
0.9
2"
1.10
3"
Globe
Angle
Check
Foot
45
23
11
39
6.0
58
29
14
47
1.6
8.0
86
43
20
64
4"
2.1
17
113
57
26
71
6"
3.2
65
170
85
39
77
Pipe
Diameter
Elbows
Tube
Turn
Tee
Enlrg
Contr
Plug
-
45
90
45
90
Strt
Side
1:2
3:4
2:1
4:3
1.5"
1.9
4.1
1.4
2.3
2.7
8.1
2.6
1.0
1.5
1.0
2"
2.4
5.2
1.9
3.0
3.5
10.4
3.2
1.2
1.8
1.2
3"
3.6
7.7
2.9
4.5
5.2
15.5
4.7
1.7
2.8
1.7
4"
4.7
10.2
3.8
6.0
6.8
20.3
6.2
2.3
3.6
2.3
6"
7.1
15.3
5.8
9.0
10.2
31
9.5
3.4
5.6
3.4
Friction Drop Chart

Friction Loss of Water in Feet per 100 Feet of Pipe
U.S.
GPM
1"Pipe
2"Pipe
3"Pipe
4"Pipe
5"Pipe
Loss
Vel
6"Pipe
Vel
Loss
Vel
Loss
Vel
Loss
Vel
Loss
Vel
Loss
10
3.72
11.7
1.02
0.50
0.45
0.07
20
7.44
42.0
2.04
1.82
0.91
0.25
0.51
0.06
30
11.15
89.0
3.06
3.84
1.36
0.54
0.77
0.13
0.49
0.04
40
14.88
152
4.08
6.60
1.82
0.91
1.02
0.22
0.65
0.08
50
5.11
9.90
2.27
1.36
1.28
0.34
0.82
0.11
0.57
0.04
60
6.13
13.9
2.72
1.92
1.53
0.47
0.98
0.16
0.68
0.06
70
7.15
18.4
3.18
2.57
1.79
0.63
1.14
0.21
0.79
0.08
80
8.17
23.7
3.65
3.28
2.04
0.81
1.31
0.27
0.91
0.11
90
9.19
29.4
4.09
4.06
2.30
1.00
1.47
0.34
1.02
0.14
100
10.2
35.8
4.54
4.96
2.55
1.22
1.63
0.41
1.13
0.17
110
11.3
42.9
5.00
6.00
2.81
1.46
1.79
0.49
1.25
0.21
120
12.3
50.0
5.45
7.00
3.06
1.72
1.96
0.58
1.36
0.24
130
13.3
58.0
5.91
8.10
3.31
1.97
2.12
0.67
1.47
0.27
140
14.3
67.0
6.35
9.20
3.57
2.28
2.29
0.76
1.59
0.32
150
15.3
76.0
6.82
10.5
3.82
2.62
2.45
0.88
1.70
0.36
Suction Lift
Application
SYSTEM CURVE OF PUMPING SYSTEM

It represents the relationship between flow and hydraulic losses in a
system in a graphic form.
Since friction losses vary as a square of the flow rate, the system curve
is parabolic in shape.
Hydraulic losses in piping systems are composed of pipe friction losses,
valves, elbows and other fittings, entrance and exit losses, and losses
from changes in pipe size by enlargement or reduction in diameter.
System Curve
Select pump size that can work with the system requirement
SYSTEM CURVE
SERIES PUMPING
Pumps in series double the head at the same flow
condition point. One pump discharge is piped into
the suction of the second pump producing twice the
head capability of each pump separately. The
second pump however must be capable of operating
at the higher suction pressure which is produced
by pump number one.
This mode of operation is a very cost effective
way of overcoming high discharge heads when the
flow requirement remains the same
PARALLEL
PUMPING
3" pump
4" pump
3" & 4" pump
TDH
FLOW
TDH
FLOW
TDH
FLOW
90'
0 GPM
90'
360 GPM
90'
360 GPM
87.5'
50 GPM
87.5'
410 GPM
87.5'
460 GPM
85'
100 GPM
85'
460 GPM
85'
560 GPM
80'
160 GPM
80'
470 GPM
80'
580 GPM
OPERATING POINT (A)

70'
300 GPM
OPERATING POINT (B)

87.5'
410 GPM
OPERATING POINT (C)

87.5'
460 GPM
Parallel Pumping
Identical Pumps
TDH
FLOW
TDH
FLOW
130'
100 GPM
130'
200 GPM
120'
190 GPM
120'
380 GPM
110'
280 GPM
110'
560 GPM
100
360 GPM
100
720 GPM
OPERATING POINT (A)

85'
470 GPM
OPERATING POINT (B)

105'
660 GPM

2013lect4 Pumping System of Fluid

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2013lect4 Pumping System of Fluid

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What are the different types of pumping systems discussed in the document?

What are the different types of pumping systems discussed in the document?

What is the difference between series and parallel pumping?

What is the difference between series and parallel pumping?

PUMPING SYSTEM

STATIC SUCTION HEAD/SUCTION LIFT

PUMP ENERGY = FRICTION ENERGY + ELEVATION ENERGY

Terminology used in pumps

Terminology used in pumps

Untuk fluida air

PERHITUNGAN TEKANAN PADA SUCTION

Pompa berisi air

Pompa berisi udara

Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

NPSH Net Positif Suction Head

Net Positive Suction Head available, NPSHa

Static suction head,

Friction head, friction and

CALCULATING TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH)

100 GPM of HCL at 150 F

100 GPM of HCL at 150 F

CALCULATING TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD

Total Dynamic Head (TDH) = Elevation(ft) + Friction(ft)

Find the Total Dynamic Head (TDH)

Discharge Static Head---------------------------60'

Friction Suction Side

Friction Discharge Side

Total Length of 3" Pipe----------------------17'

Total Length of 2" Pipe------------------------172'

(1) 90 deg 3" Elbow = 7.7' of Pipe---------7.7'

(2) 45 deg 2" Elbow = 4.8'(2x2.4) of Pipe ---4.8'

(2) 90 deg 2" Elbow = 10.4(2x5.2)of Pipe---10.4'

(1) 3" Gate Valve = 1.6' of Pipe------------1.6'

Friction = 4.96 x 26.3 / 100--------------- 1.3'

Total Suction Head = 10 - 1.30= 8.7'

(1) 2" Gate Valve = 1.1' of Pipe---------------1.1'

Total Discharge Head = 60 + 72.4 =132.4'

Total Dynamic Head = TDH - TSH= 132.4' - 8.7' = 123.7'

Friction Drop Chart

SYSTEM CURVE OF PUMPING SYSTEM

3" & 4" pump

OPERATING POINT (A)

OPERATING POINT (B)

OPERATING POINT (C)

OPERATING POINT (A)

OPERATING POINT (B)

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