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    Ratio and Proportion: Mathematics For Engineering Technicians

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    Imran
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in ratio, proportion, and percentages for engineering technicians. It defines ratio as a comparison between two similar quantities and discusses how to express ratios as fractions in lowest terms. It also defines direct and inverse proportion, and provides examples of each. The document demonstrates how to use ratios and proportions to solve practice problems involving speed, mixtures, diameters, and more. It concludes by explaining how to convert between fractions and percentages by multiplying or dividing by 100.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ratio and Proportion: Mathematics For Engineering Technicians

    Uploaded by

    Imran
    54 views15 pages
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in ratio, proportion, and percentages for engineering technicians. It defines ratio as a comparison between two similar quantities and discusses how to express ratios as fractions in lowest terms. It also defines direct and inverse proportion, and provides examples of each. The document demonstrates how to use ratios and proportions to solve practice problems involving speed, mixtures, diameters, and more. It concludes by explaining how to convert between fractions and percentages by multiplying or dividing by 100.

    Original Description:

    Level 2 ratio and proportion powerpoint

    Original Title

    Ratio and Proportion

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    This document provides an overview of key concepts in ratio, proportion, and percentages for engineering technicians. It defines ratio as a comparison between two similar quantities and discusses how to express ratios as fractions in lowest terms. It also defines direct and inverse proportion, and provides examples of each. The document demonstrates how to use ratios and proportions to solve practice problems involving speed, mixtures, diameters, and more. It concludes by explaining how to convert between fractions and percentages by multiplying or dividing by 100.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    54 views15 pages

    Ratio and Proportion: Mathematics For Engineering Technicians

    Uploaded by

    Imran
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in ratio, proportion, and percentages for engineering technicians. It defines ratio as a comparison between two similar quantities and discusses how to express ratios as fractions in lowest terms. It also defines direct and inverse proportion, and provides examples of each. The document demonstrates how to use ratios and proportions to solve practice problems involving speed, mixtures, diameters, and more. It concludes by explaining how to convert between fractions and percentages by multiplying or dividing by 100.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Mathematics for Engineering Technicians

    Ratio and Proportion

    At the end of this session you should be able to:

    Relate ratio and proportion to


    fractions
    Convert fractions and decimals
    to percentage

    Ratio
    A ratio is a comparison between two
    similar quantities.
    If a length of a ship is 200m and a model
    of it is 1m long then the length of the
    model is the of the length of the ship.
    In making the model all dimensions of the
    ship are reduced in the ratio of 1 to 200.
    The ratio 1 to 200 is usually written 1:200.

    Before we can state a ratio the units have


    to be the same.
    We can state a ratio between 3 cm and
    2m provided we bring both lengths to the
    same units.
    Thus if we convert 2m to 200cm the ratio
    between the two lengths is 3:200

    Example 1:
    Express the following ratios as fractions reduced to
    their lowest terms:

    4cm to 2.2m

    Solution

    - 800g to 1.6kg

    2.2m 220cm

    Solution
    1.6kg 1600 g

    4
    1
    4 : 220

    220 55

    800 1
    800 : 1600

    1600 2

    Proportion
    Direct Proportion
    If 5 litres of oil have a mass of 4kg, then 10 litres of
    the same oil will have a mass of 8kg.
    That is, if we double the quantity of oil its mass is
    also doubled.
    Now 2 litres of oil will have a mass of 2kg. That is,
    if we halve the quantity of oil we halve its mass.
    This is an example of direct proportion. As the
    quantity of oil increases the mass increases in the
    same proportion. As the quantity of oil decreases the
    mass decreases in the same proportion.

    Practice Example
    The electrical resistance of a wire 15cm long
    is 2 ohms. Find the resistance of a similar
    wire which is 1m long.
    The lengths of the two wires are increased in
    the ratio 100:15. The resistance will also
    increase in the ratio 100:15.
    The resistance of wire 1m long

    100
    1
    2 13 Ohms.
    15
    3

    Inverse proportion
    A motor car will travel 30 km in 1 hour if
    its speed is 30km per hour.
    If its speed is increased to 60 km per
    hour the time taken to travel 30 km will
    be hour. That is when the speed is
    doubled the time taken is halved.
    This is an example of inverse proportion.
    When we multiplied the speed by 2 we
    have divided the time taken by 2.

    Practice Example
    Two pulleys of 15cm and 5cm diameter are connected by
    a belt. If the larger pulley revolves at 80 rpm. Find the
    speed of the smaller pulley.
    The smaller pulley must revolve faster then the larger
    pulley and hence the quantities, speed and diameter,
    are in inverse proportion.
    The pulley diameters are decreased in the ratio 5:15 or
    1:3. The speed will be increased in the ratio 3:1.

    3
    The speed of the smaller pulley 80 240rpm
    1

    Practice Example
    A certain brass is made by alloying copper and zinc in
    the ratio of 7:3. How much copper must be mixed with
    30g of zinc?
    3 parts have a mass of 30g
    1 part has a mass of
    10g
    7 parts have a mass of 70g
    Therefore the mass of copper needed = 70g

    To make a certain solder, tin and lead are


    mixed in the ratio 6:2. How much of each
    metal will be required to make 20kg of
    solder?
    Total number of parts
    Each part has a mass of

    Therefore:
    Mass of tin required
    Mass of lead required

    1- Express the following ratios as fractions reduced to


    their lowest terms:
    a. 15g to 2kg
    b. 3mm to 5cm
    c. 20cm2 to 100mm2
    d. 400m to 3km

    2- The length of a ship and the length of a


    model are in the ratio of 200:1. If the ship is
    300m long, how long is the model?

    Percentages
    When comparing fractions it is often convenient to express
    them with a denominator of 100. Fractions expressed with a
    denominator of 100 are called percentages.

    The sign % is often used instead of the words per cent.

    Example:

    Example:

    a)

    a)

    b)
    b)
    c)
    To convert a fraction to a
    percentage we multiply the
    fraction by 100

    To convert a percentage into


    a fraction we divide the
    percentage by 100

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