EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
DRUG ABUSE
Ronnie Juangco, [Link].
DDB Accredited Physician
Course Objectives
At the end of the session the students will be
able to:
Describe the typical profile of a drug user
Identify the common drugs of abuse and its
effects
Describe the different treatment modalities for
drug abuse
Enumerate the different preventive strategies
being employed in the Philippines against
drug abuse
EVOLUTION OF THE ANTI DRUG LAW
RA 6425 - The Dangerous
Drugs Act of 1972
RA 9165 The Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002
SO YOU KNOW
SECTION 11: POSSESION
10 Grams of opium, morphine, heroine, cocaine,
ecstasy
50 grams of shabu
500 grams of marijuana
Life imprisonment
12 20 years
Section 12: Possession of paraphernalia
6 mos to 4 years
Section 15: Use
1st offense: rehabilitation
2nd offense: 6 12 years
AS A DOCTOR
Section 18: Unnecessary prescription
12 20 years
Fine of 500,000.00
Revocation of license
Section 19: Unlawful prescription
Life imprisonment
Fine of 10 Million pesos
THE PROBLEM
1972
20 Thousand Drug
users
Metro Manila
2010
6.4 M Drug Users
1.6 M Occasional Users
Shabu (2009 Cocaine (?)
70 % Heinous Crime
36% of inmate population
70,181 Drug Cases
28,868 in NCR
7 laboratories dismantled
with net worth of 500
Million Pesos
4.8 Billion pesos worth of
seized drugs
250 Billion Pesos Industry
38 Death Row Inmates
Current Average Drug Price
THE DRUG USER
The User
REHABILITATION
ARRESTED
29
31
MAJORITY AGE GROUP
23 29
22 29
DRUG OF CHOICE
SHABU
SHABU
MALE TO FEMALE
3:1
9:1
AVERAGE AGE
CIVIL STATUS
53% SINGLE
EMPLOYMENT
74% UNEMPLOYED
21% UNDEREMPLOYED
21% UNEMPLOYED
58% UNDEREMPLOYED
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT
53% HIGH SCHOOL
52% HIGH SCHOOL
REASONS FOR DRUG USE
SOURCE OF DRUGS
SOURCE OF DRUGS
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
FAMILY INFLUENCE
INFLUENCE OF ORDINAL
POSITION
Distribution According to Ordinal Position
21%
1%
28%
Only child
Youngest
Middle
50%
Eldest
DRUGS OF ABUSE
PROHIBITED DRUGS
Narcotics
Morphine, Heroin (Hero, bruce), Opium
(Scab), Codeine (gatas)
Stimulants
Cocaine (Linya)
Hallucinogens
Marijuana (dyuts, damo)
LSD (Acid)
Mescaline
Regulated drugs
Stimulants
Amphetamines: Ionamine (Ayos)
Cough Syrups: Benadryl (Bernard),
Hylorin (Bilog), Phydol (Vandolph,
dolphy), Corex (Xero), Colagin (Lola),
Methamphetamines (Shabu)
Hypnotics
Mandrax, Mogadon (Madonna, Sleeper,
Kilay)
Benzodiazepines
Valium (Bee-gees), Ativan (Bubbles),
Rivotril (Ekis Pinoy)
Barbiturates
Seconal (Secs), Nembutal, Phenobarbital
OTHER DRUGS
Gateway Drugs
Nicotine
Alcohol
Solvents
Amyl Nitirites
Talampunay
Caffeine
Peyote
GHB
Bangkok Pills
Club Drugs
Nitrous Oxide
NEW DRUGS ON THE
MARKET
Benzylpiperazine (BZP) (Mimic Ecstasy)
A2. Benny, Bear, Frenzy. Nemesis
Adverse effects includes psychosis, renal
toxicity, seizures
Salvia Divinorum
(Sage Plant)
Diviners Sage, Maria Pastora, Sage of the
Seers
Same family as mint, herba buena, oregano
hallucinogen
Doctors Cocktails
MILKSHAKE Nubain + methamphetamine
Cebu
Anesthesiologists
Surgeons
ILLICIT DRUGS
MDMA or 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Nmethamphetamine (C11H15NO2)
1912 Patented in Germany
1970 Used in Psychotherapy
1985 Used by Truck Drivers as stimulants
Drug Lingo
Ecstasy, X, XTC, E, M,
Truck Driver, Beans, Roll,
Adam, Eve. Lovers Speed
Usage
Tablets or Capsule forms
P 1,800.00 3,300.00
50 mg 150 mg
Used in rave parties, disco, clubs
Last for 4 8 hrs
Dance all night
Always with a bottle of Mineral Water
Effects
Prolonged Erection
Tactile Orgasm in women
Feeling of Connectedness
Euphoric sense of well being
Love Effect
Dehydration
Rapid Eye Movement
LONG TERM EFFECTS
Anorexia
Hypertension
Kidney Failure
Loss of Memory
Panic attacks
Depression
Psychosis
Brain scan 3
weeks
after last use of
Ecstasy.
Shows damage
to serotonin
producing cells
which regulate
emotion,
memory and
reasoning.
SHABU
Methamphetamine HCl [C10H15N]
Drug Lingo
Speed, S, Ice, Crystal, Meth, Sharon,
Chalk, Glass, Crank, Poor Mans Cocaine
1887 First Synthesized from Ephedrine and used
in China
1930 sold in US as nasal Spray for the treatment
of Nasal Inflammation and narcolepsy
WW II Used by US soldiers to improve
performance
1970 regulated the production of the drug
SHABU
Usage
Swallowing
Snorting
Inhalation
Intravenous
Whitish, odorless, Bitter powder
sometimes in Crystalline form
Effects last for 24 48 hrs
SHABU
INITIAL EFFECTS
Pupils Dilated
Euphoria
Hyperexcitability
Extreme Nervousness
Insensible talks
Palpitations
Insomnia
Lack of Appetite
SHABU
LONG TERM EFFECTS
Paranoia
Hallucinations
Delusions
Hypertension
Aggression, Violence
Psychosis
Cardiac and Neurological damage
MARIJUANA
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Cannabis Sativa, Cannabis Indica, Cannabis
Ruderalis
Drug Lingo
Hashish Boom, Chronic, Gangster,
Hash, Hemp, Hash Oil
Marijuana Blunt, Dope, Ganja,
grass, Joint, Herb, Maryjane, Pot,
Reefer, weed, Damo, Joots
MARIJUANA
9th Century BC Cultivated due to its
medicinal properties
1800 Hashish Smoking Parlors in every
city in US
1883 about 500 parlor in New York
Hashish Resin Form
Hash Oil Black or gold Colored Liquid
form
MARIJUANA
USAGE
Smoked as a cigarette Joint
Smoked thru pipe Bowl
Smoked thru Water Pipe Bong
Inhaled the vapor of heated Hash Oil
Included in food Brownies
2003 Roxanne Laboratories developed a
synthetic form of Marijuana and marketed under
the brand name MARINOL used in patients with
AIDS, Cancer, and for those with Anorexia
Nervosa
MARIJUANA
EFFECTS
Time, Color, and Spatial Perception Distortion
Dreamy Euphoria
Laughing Trip
Increase in appetite
Panic Attack
Burn Out
Decrease in Testosterone
Lack of cooordination
Conjunctivitis
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
MEDICATION THERAPY
Detoxification
Ascorbic Acid
Methadone
Disulfiram
Naltrazone
TREATMENT
MODALITIES OF TREATMENT
Hazelden 12 Steps (Narcotics Anonymous)
Therapeutic Community
Behavioral Therapy
Primal Scream Therapy
Bio-Psycho-Social
Family Therapy
Spiritual Approach
Eclectic Approach
Typical Daily Regimen
Community meeting
Work time
Groups
Recreational activities
Individual counseling
Morning Meeting
Pull ups
Diary
HAZELDEN/12 STEPS
AA
Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob
The Big Book
The 12 Steps
The 12 Tradition
The 12 Promises
Program stages
I: Orientation (0-60 days)
II: Primary treatment (2-12 months)
III: Advanced treatment and aftercare (13-24
months)
The Therapeutic Community
Journal Writing
Morning Meeting
House Meeting
Closing meetings
Encounter Groups
TREATMENT
RELAPSE PREVENTION
After Care
Halfway Home
Support Groups
Sponsor
OUTCOME OF REHABILITATION
72.9 %Drug Free
27.1 % Relapse
16.2 % Back to School
32.2 % Working
9.7 % Jail
Government Program
Five Pillars of Action
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Drug Supply Reduction
Drug Demand Reduction
Civic Awareness and Response
Alternative Development
Regional and International Cooperation
Preventive Education Programs
Drug Abuse Prevention
Education
Enhancing Life Skills on Drug
Abuse Prevention
Systematic Training for
Effective Parenting
Barkada Kontra Droga (Peer
Group Against Drugs)
National Youth Congress on
Drug Abuse Prevention
Education
OTHER CAMPAIGNS
KID LISTO
MAD/ KILL DROGA
MORE.
YOPADA
UTOL
CITIZENS DRUG WATCH
PYRADA
DARE
SUMMARY
Typical
profile of a drug user
Common drugs of abuse and its
effects
Treatment modalities for drug abuse
Preventive strategies being employed
in the Philippines against drug abuse
REMEMBER THIS
Drug Abuse is a disease
REHABILITATION WORKS
DRUG DEMAND REDUCTION
VS
DRUG SUPPLY REDUCTION
There is an increase in the
incidence of illegal drug
activities in 2009
mainly to raise funds for
the 2010 elections.
References
TOWARDS A DRUG FREE PHILIPPINES by
Senator Tito Sotto
DDB Accomplishment Report 2008
IDADAIN Bulletins
PDEA Accomplishment Report
Philippine Initiative on Drug Abuse Report
Is this
what
you
want
for your
children
?
Alcohol Abuse
Posters from
the 'Alcohol.
Don't push it.'
campaign.
THANK YOU
for not sleeping
if you did
it is time to
WAKE UP
