Case Study 2

ECW 747
Membrane Technology for Wastewater

Treatment
Prepared by:
NAME
STUDENT ID
ASHIDA AZNIE BINTI AZMAN
2014912607
AWANG DZULAFFENDI BIN AWANG

SAMAN
2013338637
KHADIJAH BINTI MOHAMAD ARIS
2015655236
MADELINA ANAK COSMAS PANGGIE
2014981023
NORFASIHAH BINTI IBRAHIM
2014477192
NURUL ATIQAH BINTI KASMI
2014608762
WAN NURHAFIZAH WAN HANIF
2015295982
Prepared for : PM DR. RAMLAH MOHD TAJUDDIN
SPIRAL WOUND
HOLLOW FIBRE
Fabrication and Characterization of Polyetherimide Hollow Fiber
Membrane Contactor for Carbon Dioxide Stripping from
Monoethanolamine Solution
HOLLOW FIBER
High separation area
More easily maintained, cleaned
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Polyetherimide (PEI) :
polymer with good thermal and chemical stability (suitable
candidate for contactor applications)
low viscosity and hydrophobicity of PEI solution
structure of PEI membranes were devoted to gas separation membranes, in which a
dense skin layer should be present
at the membrane surface.
MATERIALS USED FOR MEMBRANE
Polyetherimide (PEI, Ultem) was used for fabrication of the hollow fiber membranes.
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, >99.5%) used as solvent without further purification.
Ethanol was used as non-solvent additive in the polymer dopes
Tap water was used as coagulation bath
Monoethanolamine (MEA) (>98%) was used as liquid absorbent.
MODULE FABRICATION
Polyetherimide (PEI) in pellet form was

dried at 702 C in a vacuum oven for 24 h
to remove the moisture.
The spinning dopes of 18wt.% PEI, 2

and 4wt.%
Ethanolin NMP were prepared by stirring the solution at room temperature until the solution
became homogeneous.
The resulting solutions were degassed for 24 h at room temperature before spinning.
The hollow fiber spinning process by the wet phase inversion was described elsewhere.
The spun hollow fibers were immersed in water for 3 days to remove the residual NMP and
Ethanol. Then, they were dried at room temperature.
HOLLOW FIBRE
Micro-structured Alumina Hollow Fibre Membrane-Potential
Applications in Wastewater Treatment
Material Characteristics
Material Used For Membrane
Aluminium Oxide Powders of 1 m (99.9% metal basis, surface area 6-8 m/g)
Polyethersulfone (PESf, Radal A300) : Binder
Dimethyl Sulphoxide (HPLC grade) : Solvent
Polyethyleneglycol 30-dipolyhyroxystearate (Arlacel PT35) : Additive
Tap water : External Coagulants
Hexene(HPLC grade)/Dimethyl Sulphoxide/Deionised Water : Internal Coagulant
Module Fabrication
1. Arlacel P135 at concentration of 1.3% was weighted and dissolved in 28.3 wt% DMSO solvent
2. Then, 64.0% aluminium oxide powder of 1 m particle size was added to the solvent
3. The mixture was then rolled/milled with 20mm agate grinding balls with approximate Al 2 O3 agate weight ratio of 2 for
48hours
4. PESf at 6.4% was then added and suspension was milled for a further 48hours. The continuous suspension was
transferred to a gas tight reservoir and degassed under vacuum until bubbles were no longer visible.
5. Once the suspensions have been degassed, they were transferred to 200ml Havard Stainless Steel syringes.
6. The suspension was then extruded through a tube-in-orifice spinneret with an O.D. of 3.0mm and I.D. of 1.2mm.
7. The suspension extruded into a coagulation bath that contained tap water. The extrusion rate and bore fluid rate of the
spinning suspension and bore fluid were control and monitored by two Havard PHD 22/2000 Hpsi syringe pumps.
8. The hollow fibre membrane precursors were left in the external coagulation bath overnight for phase inversion to
complete.
9. To remove traces of the DMSO, the membrane precursors were immersed in an excess of DI water, replace every
48hours
10.Then, the membrane precursors were calcined and sintered in air (CARBOLITE furnace) to form the final hollow fibre
membrane
11. The temperature was increased from room temperature to 600C at a rate 2C/min and held for 2hours and then to target
temperature (1200-1600C) at a rate 5C/min and held for 4hours. The temperature was then reduced to room
temperature at rate of 5C/min.
Problem Faced & Improvement
No cooling system after extrude come out from the extrusion machine. It resulting
variability in thickness and diameter
Put a controlled cooling system to obtained required thickness
TURBULAR
MATERIAL COMPARISON
NO
MATERIAL
MEMBRANE
PREPARATION
APPLICATION
REFERENCES
POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE
(PVDF) + ALUMINA (INORGANIC)
PHASE
INVERSION
UF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT FROM
OIL FIELD
Yu Shui Li et al, 2005
POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE
(PDMS) + ZEOLITE
HYDROTHERMA
L
SYNTHESIS
PERVAPORATION
Yoshio Morigami et al,

2001
TETRAETHYLORTHOSILICATE
(TEOS) +
METHACRYLOXYPROPYLTRIMET
HOXYSILANE (MOMTS) +
ALUMINA
CHEMICAL
VAPOR
DEPOSITION
(CVD)
GAS SEPARATION
Katsuki Kusakabe et al,

2002
RESULTS FLUX
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
FLUX VS PRESSURE
FLUX VS TIME
UNMODIFIED MEMBRANE - POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE (PVDF)
MODIFIED MEMBRANE - POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE (PVDF) + ALUMINA (INORGANIC)
RESULT WATER QUALITY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT
UNMODIFIED MEMBRANE - POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE (PVDF)

MODIFIED MEMBRANE - POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE (PVDF) + ALUMINA (INORGANIC)
MEMBRANE PREPARATION
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PHASE INVERSION
1.
A casting solution was prepared by dissolving the PVDF (19%, by weight of the solution) in
the solvent at room temperature and adding nano-sized Al2O3 particles (2%, by weight of
PVDF) and other additives (1% sodium hexaphosphate, by weight of PVDF; 3% PVP, by
weight of the solution) to the casting dopes while stirring.
2.
In order to obtain optimal dispersions of the particles in the polymer solutions, agitation
was required for at least 24 h.
3.
The casting solutions were then kept in the dark for at least 24hr to remove air bubbles.
4.
Inner pressure tubular membranes were prepared by using an epoxy resin porous tube as
the supporter.
PROBLEM
NO
PROBLEM
MEMBRANE FOULING AFFECTED BY

SURFACE HYDROPHILICITY
IMPROVING HYDROPHILICITY OF THE

MEMBRANE BY
1. BLENDING WITH HYDROPHOBIC
POLYMER.
2. BLENDING WITH INORGANIC AND
ORGANIC MATERIAL
PLATE AND FRAME

References
Zabih A. Tarsa, S. A.-S. (2015). Fabrication and Characterization of Polyetherimide
Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor for Carbon Dioxide Stripping from
Monoethanolamine Solution . Journal of Membrane Science and Research , 118123.
Lee,M., Wu,Z., Wang,R., Li,K. (2014) Micro-structures Alumina Hollow Fibre
Membranes Potential Applications in Wastewater Treatment. Journal of
Membrane Science, 461 p.p. 39-48.

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ECW 747

Membrane Technology for Wastewater

ASHIDA AZNIE BINTI AZMAN

AWANG DZULAFFENDI BIN AWANG

KHADIJAH BINTI MOHAMAD ARIS

MADELINA ANAK COSMAS PANGGIE

NORFASIHAH BINTI IBRAHIM

NURUL ATIQAH BINTI KASMI

WAN NURHAFIZAH WAN HANIF

Prepared for : PM DR. RAMLAH MOHD TAJUDDIN

MATERIALS USED FOR MEMBRANE

1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, >99.5%) used as solvent without further purification.

Ethanol was used as non-solvent additive in the polymer dopes

Tap water was used as coagulation bath

Monoethanolamine (MEA) (>98%) was used as liquid absorbent.

Polyetherimide (PEI) in pellet form was

The spinning dopes of 18wt.% PEI, 2

Material Used For Membrane

Polyethersulfone (PESf, Radal A300) : Binder

Dimethyl Sulphoxide (HPLC grade) : Solvent

Polyethyleneglycol 30-dipolyhyroxystearate (Arlacel PT35) : Additive

Tap water : External Coagulants

Hexene(HPLC grade)/Dimethyl Sulphoxide/Deionised Water : Internal Coagulant

Problem Faced & Improvement

Put a controlled cooling system to obtained required thickness

Yu Shui Li et al, 2005

Yoshio Morigami et al,

Katsuki Kusakabe et al,

RESULT WATER QUALITY

UNMODIFIED MEMBRANE - POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE (PVDF)

MEMBRANE FOULING AFFECTED BY

IMPROVING HYDROPHILICITY OF THE

PLATE AND FRAME

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