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    01 Linux Basics

    Uploaded by

    sampurnakumar
    This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It discusses the differences between Unix and Linux, and covers some major Linux distributions. It then outlines the roadmap, including sections on basic commands like ls, cd, cat, and vi/emacs. The document also discusses searching with man pages, Google, and info pages. Finally, it provides references to Linux-powered devices and distribution timelines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    01 Linux Basics

    Uploaded by

    sampurnakumar
    168 views19 pages
    This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It discusses the differences between Unix and Linux, and covers some major Linux distributions. It then outlines the roadmap, including sections on basic commands like ls, cd, cat, and vi/emacs. The document also discusses searching with man pages, Google, and info pages. Finally, it provides references to Linux-powered devices and distribution timelines.

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    01_linux_basics (1).ppt

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    This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It discusses the differences between Unix and Linux, and covers some major Linux distributions. It then outlines the roadmap, including sections on basic commands like ls, cd, cat, and vi/emacs. The document also discusses searching with man pages, Google, and info pages. Finally, it provides references to Linux-powered devices and distribution timelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    168 views19 pages

    01 Linux Basics

    Uploaded by

    sampurnakumar
    This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It discusses the differences between Unix and Linux, and covers some major Linux distributions. It then outlines the roadmap, including sections on basic commands like ls, cd, cat, and vi/emacs. The document also discusses searching with man pages, Google, and info pages. Finally, it provides references to Linux-powered devices and distribution timelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Linux Basics,

    Linux vs Unix
    I BCA,
    LINUX PROGRAMMING (15CA1103)
    Session-3
    V.S.KUMAR

    BasicLinuxCommands
    FileHandling TextProcessing

    SystemAdministration
    ProcessManagement Archival Network
    FileSystems AdvancedCommands

    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    Roadmap
    What is Unix?
    What is Linux?
    Which Linux Distribution is better?
    Fish vs. Fishing
    Basic Commands
    Vi and Emacs
    Q&A
    References

    What is Unix?
    A multi-task and multi-user Operating

    System
    Developed in 1969 at AT&Ts Bell Labs by
    Ken Thompson (Unix)
    Dennis Ritchie (C)
    Douglas Mcllroy (Pipes - Do one thing, do it

    well)
    Some other variants: System V, Solaris,

    SCO Unix, SunOS, 4.4BSD, FreeBSD,


    NetBSD, OpenBSD, BSDI

    What is Linux?
    A clone of Unix
    Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a

    Finnish graduate student


    Inspired by and replacement of Minix
    Linus' Minix became Linux
    Consist of
    Linux Kernel
    GNU (GNU is Not Unix) Software
    Software Package management
    Others

    http://www.linuxdevices.com/files/misc/ibm-watchpad.jpg

    What is Linux?
    Originally

    developed for 32bit x86-based PC


    Ported to other
    architectures, eg.
    Alpha, VAX, PowerPC,

    IBM S/390, MIPS, IA64


    PS2, TiVo,
    cellphones, watches,
    Nokia N810, NDS,
    routers, NAS, GPS,
    * See references at the end
    for the corresponding websites.

    Which Linux Distribution is


    better?

    > 300 Linux Distributions


    Slackware (one of the oldest, simple and stable
    distro.)
    Redhat
    RHEL (commercially support)
    Fedora (free)

    CentOS (free RHEL, based in England)


    SuSe ( based in German)
    Gentoo (Source code based)
    Debian (one of the few called GNU/Linux)
    Ubuntu (based in South Africa)
    Knoppix (first LiveCD distro.)

    Which Linux Distribution is


    better?
    Ubuntu
    Debian
    Knoppix

    Slackware

    Gentoo
    CentOS

    Redhat

    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/
    Source:
    http://futurist.se/gldt/

    Which Linux Distribution is


    better?

    Ask yourself these questions (from LAH)


    Is it going to be around in 5 yrs?
    Is it giong to stay on top of the latest security

    patches?
    Is it going to release updated software
    promptly?
    If I have problems, will the vendor talk to me?
    Personally, I use Slackware
    But, we will use CentOS (possibly along

    with Slackware :)
    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    Fish vs. Fishing


    Manpage
    $
    $
    $
    $

    man
    man
    man
    man

    ls
    2 mkdir
    man
    -k mkdir

    Manpage sections (LAH

    Table 1.2 @ page 12)

    1 User-level cmds and

    apps

    /bin/mkdir

    2 System calls
    int mkdir(const char *,

    );

    3 Library calls
    int printf(const char *,

    );

    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    4 Device drivers and

    network protocols
    /dev/tty

    5 Standard file formats


    /etc/hosts

    6 Games and demos


    /usr/games/fortune

    7 Misc. files and docs


    man 7 locale

    8 System admin. Cmds


    /sbin/reboot

    $ manpath
    $ env | grep MANPATH
    /etc/man.config

    Fish vs. Fishing (cont)


    Google
    linux package management -rpm
    linux package management -rpm
    linux OR windows
    rpm site:redhat.com
    linux faq filetype:pdf

    Info
    Text-base, menu-based help from GNU
    ?, h, u, t, ^N, ^P, Enter
    $ info info

    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    Basic Commands
    ls
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $

    ls
    ls
    ls
    ls
    ls

    -l
    -a
    -la
    -l --sort=time
    -l --sort=size -r

    cd

    $ cd /usr/bin

    pwd

    $ pwd

    ~
    $ cd ~

    ~user
    $ cd ~weesan

    What will cd ~/weesan

    do?

    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    which
    $ which ls

    whereis
    $ whereis ls

    locate
    $ locate stdio.h
    $ locate iostream

    rpm
    $ rpm -q bash
    $ rpm -qa
    $ rpm -qa | sort | less

    find
    $ find / | grep stdio.h
    $ find /usr/include | grep

    stdio.h

    Basic Commands (cont)


    echo
    $ echo Hello World
    $ echo -n Hello World

    cat
    $ cat /etc/motd
    $ cat /proc/cpuinfo

    cp
    $ cp foo bar
    $ cp -a foo bar

    mv
    $ mv foo bar

    mkdir
    $ mkdir foo

    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    rm
    $ rm foo
    $ rm -rf foo
    $ rm -i foo
    $ rm -- -foo

    chgrp
    $ chgrp bar /home/foo

    chsh
    $ chsh foo

    chfn
    $ chfn foo

    chown
    $ chown -R foo:bar

    /home/foo

    Basic Commands (cont)


    tar
    $ tar cvfp lab1.tar lab1

    gzip
    $ gzip -9 lab1.tar

    untar & ungzip


    $ gzip -cd lab1.tar.gz | tar

    xvf
    $ tar xvfz lab1.tar.gz
    touch
    $ touch foo
    $ cat /dev/null > foo

    Pipe
    $ cal > foo
    $ cat /dev/zero > foo
    $ cat < /etc/passwd
    $ who | cut -d -f1 | sort |

    uniq | wc l
    backtick
    $ echo The date is

    `date`
    $ echo `seq 1 10`
    Hard, soft (symbolic) link
    ln vmlinuz-2.6.24.4

    vmlinuz
    ln -s firefox-2.0.0.3 firefox
    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    Basic Commands (cont)


    Disk usage
    $ df -h /
    File space usage
    $ du -sxh ~/

    Advance stuff
    $ ssh eon who
    $ ssh eon cd .html ; tar cvfp - cs183 | gzip
    -9c | tar xvfpz $ ssh kilo-1 tar cvfp - /extra/weesan | tar
    xvfp - -C /
    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    Vi
    2 modes
    Input mode
    ESC to back to cmd mode

    Command mode
    Cursor movement
    h (left), j (down), k (up), l
    (right)
    ^f (page down)
    ^b (page up)
    ^ (first char.)
    $ (last char.)
    G (bottom page)
    :1 (goto first line)
    Swtch to input mode

    a (append)
    i (insert)
    o (insert line after
    O (insert line before)

    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    Delete
    dd (delete a line)
    d10d (delete 10 lines)
    d$ (delete till end of line)
    dG (delete till end of file)
    x (current char.)
    Paste

    p (paste after)
    P (paste before)

    Undo
    u
    Search

    Save/Quit
    :w (write)
    :q (quit)
    :wq (write and quit)
    :q! (give up changes)

    Emacs
    $ emacs
    Cursor movement

    ^f (forward one char.)


    ^b (backward one

    char.)
    ^a (begin of line)
    ^e (end of line)
    ^n (next line)
    ^p (prev. line)
    ^v (page up)
    alt-v (page down)
    Deletion

    ^d (delete one char)


    alt-d (delete one word)
    ^k (delete line)

    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    Paste

    ^y (yank)

    Undo
    ^/

    Load file
    ^x^f

    Cancel
    ^g

    Save/Quit

    ^x^c (quit w/out

    saving)
    ^x^s (save)
    ^x^w (write to a new
    file)

    Q&A

    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    References
    Nintendo DS Lite
    http://www.nintendo.com/ds/
    Nokia N810
    http://www.nokia.com/
    http://www.engadget.com/2007/10/17/nokia-n810-

    gets-official/

    Linux Distribution
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution
    GNU/Linux Distro Timeline: http://futurist.se/gldt/
    http://www.distrowatch.com/
    http://www.linux.org/dist/
    Google Advance Search
    http://www.google.com/intl/en/help/refinesearch.html
    http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

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