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Network Programming: Package

Network programming involves using classes in the java.net package to establish connections between machines using TCP and UDP. TCP provides a connection-based, reliable data stream while UDP is connectionless and unreliable but faster. Machines are uniquely identified by their IP address in domain name or dotted quad form. Servers wait for client connections on a specific port. Sockets represent the connection between machines and allow input/output streams to transfer data once established.

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Ravi Tej
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© © All Rights Reserved
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42 views

Network Programming: Package

Network programming involves using classes in the java.net package to establish connections between machines using TCP and UDP. TCP provides a connection-based, reliable data stream while UDP is connectionless and unreliable but faster. Machines are uniquely identified by their IP address in domain name or dotted quad form. Servers wait for client connections on a specific port. Sockets represent the connection between machines and allow input/output streams to transfer data once established.

Uploaded by

Ravi Tej
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Programming

Introduction
Based on Classes in the java.net
package
TCP and UDP
Network programming basics
Identifying a machine
Servers and Clients
Ports and sockets
Data transfer using sockets
1

TCP and UDP


Lots of java programs use Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP)
Connection-based (where java stream sockets
provides continuous data stream), reliable,
data streams will always get there. Also high
overhead. We will focus on TCP/IP sockets.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is not
connection-based (connectionless service with
datagram sockets allowing one message, an
unreliable protocol which is much faster, but
the message wont always get there

Network Programming
Basics
The classes in java.net: Java
programs can use TCP or UDP to
communicate over the Internet. The
URL, URLConnection (for
Web applications), Socket,
and ServerSocket (client-server
applications) classes all use TCP to
communicate over the network.
The DatagramPacket,
DatagramSocket, and
MulticastSocket classes are for
use with UDP.

Network Programming
Basics
Historically error-prone, difficult,
complex
JAVA has complete network package,
java.net
I/O stream library works quite well for
TCP/IP
Threading is also very useful and
relatively easy here

Identifying a Machine
Uniquely identify a machine from all
the others in the world
IP (Internet Protocol) address that
can exist in two forms:

Identify a Machine
(Continue)
DNS(Domain Name Service) form
java.sun.com
Dotted quad form:
123.255.28.120

static InetAddress.getByName()
produces java object containing
address

Servers and Clients


Two machines must connect
Server waits for connection
Client initiates connection (create
socket)
Once the connection is made, server
& client look identical

Testing w/o a network


For testing your program, you can do
it w/o network. (server & client on
same machine)
Localhost: the IP address for testing
without a network
Three ways to identify:

Test w/o networking


(Continue)
InetAddress
addr=InetAddress.getByName(null);

Equivalently:
InetAddress.getByName(localhost);

Or using the reserved IP number for


the loopback:
InetAddress.getByName(127.0.0.1);

Port number
IP address isnt enough to identify a
unique server
many servers can exist on one
machine
port number: Unique in a Machine
Not a physical location, but a
software abstraction to represent a
service

Port number (Continue)


When set up client and server, you
must specify IP address and port.
Port number range: 0 to 65,535
1-1024 are reserved, others may be
used.

Sockets
Software
abstraction used to
represent the
connection
between two
machines
Socket is the actual
2-way connector.

Sockets
The following sequence establishes
a socket from the client class
InetAddress addr =
InetAddress.getByName(null);
Socket socket =
new Socket(addr, 8080);

Sockets
At the server class, the following
establishes the server port, and
waits for a client request to establish
a socket
ServerSocket s =
new
ServerSocket(8080);
Socket socket = s.accept();

Data transfer using sockets


Once you have a Socket, you call
getInputStream() and
getOutputStream() to produce the
corresponding InputStream and
OutputStream objects
You can convert these to readers and
writers, wrap them in a
BufferedReader or BufferedWriter and
PrintWriter

Data transfer using sockets


(continue)
At the server and client classes
BufferedReader in =
new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(
socket.getInputStream()));
PrintWriter out =
new PrintWriter(
new BufferedWriter(
new OutputStreamWriter(
socket.getOutputStream())),true);

Data transfer using sockets


(continue)
From then on, its like reading and writing
any other I/O stream!
while (true) {
String str = in.readLine();
if (str.equals("END")) break;
System.out.println("Echoing: " +
str);
out.println(str);
}

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