Chapter 4 Networking

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 Objectives
• To explain terms: stream-based communications, and packet-based
communications
• To create servers using server sockets and clients using client sockets
• To implement Java networking programs using stream sockets
• To develop an example of a client/server application.
• To obtain Internet addresses using the InetAddress class.
• To develop servers for multiple clients.
• To send and receive objects on a network.

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 Client/Server Communications

The server must be running when a client starts. After the server accepts the
The server waits for a connection request from a connection, communication
client. To establish a server, you need to create a between server and client is
server socket and attach it to a port, which is conducted the same as for
where the server listens for connections. I/O streams.

Server Host Client Host

After a server Server socket on port 8000

socket is created, SeverSocket server =
The client issues
I/O Stream
the server can use
new ServerSocket(8000); this statement to
A client socket Client socket request a
this statement to Socket socket = Socket socket =
listen for server.accept() new Socket(host, 8000) connection to a
connections. server.

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Client/Server Network Communication via Sockets

1. The Java server program listens and waits for a connection on port 6789. Different programs
may be listening on other ports.

Server Computer
port 0
port 1
Java …
server
port 6789
program
…

2. The Java client program connects to the server on port 6789. It uses a local port that is assigned
automatically, in this case, port 8312.

Server Computer Client Computer

port 0 port 0
port 1 port 1
Java … Network … Java
server client
port 6789 port 8312 program
program
… …

3. The Java server program can now communicate over a socket bound locally to port 6789 and remotely
to the client’s address at port 8312, while the client communicates over a socket bound locally to port
8312 and remotely to the server’s address at port 6789.

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Communication via Sockets

• Server program
• Listen for a connection on a specified port; when one is made:
• Create a Scanner with an InputStreamReader based on the socket that the server
will listen on; use this for input from a client
• Create a PrintWriter with the socket to send data to the client
• Client program
• Initiate a connection to the server on a specified port
• Create a Scanner to read from the socket
• Create a PrintWriter to send to the socket

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Data Transmission through Sockets
Server Client

int port = 8000; int port = 8000;

DataInputStream in; String host="localhost"
DataOutputStream out; DataInputStream in;
ServerSocket server; DataOutputStream out;
Socket socket; Socket socket;
Connection
server =new ServerSocket(port); Request
socket=server.accept(); socket=new Socket(host, port);
in=new DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream
(socket.getInputStream()); (socket.getInputStream());
out=new DataOutStream I/O out=new DataOutputStream
(socket.getOutputStream()); Streams (socket.getOutputStream());
System.out.println(in.readDouble()); out.writeDouble(aNumber);
out.writeDouble(aNumber); System.out.println(in.readDouble());

InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();

OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();

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A Client/Server Example
• Problem: Write a client to send data to a server. The
server receives the data, uses it to produce a result,
and then sends the result back to the client. The client
displays the result on the console.
• In this example, the data sent from the client is the
radius of a circle, and the result produced by
the server is the area of the circle.

compute area
radius

Server Client
area

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 A Client/Server Example, cont.

Server Client Server Client

radius radius area area

DataInputStream DataOutputStream DataOutputStream DataOutputStream

socket.getInputStream socket.getOutputStream socket.getOutputStream socket.getOutputStream

socket socket socket socket

Network Network

(A) (B)

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A Client/Server Example, cont.
compute area
radius

Server Client
area

Server Code Client Code

Start Server Start Client

Note: Start the server, then the client.

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The InetAddress Class
Occasionally, you would like to know who is connecting to the server.
You can use the InetAddress class to find the client's host name and IP
address. The InetAddress class models an IP address. You can use the
statement shown below to create an instance of InetAddress for the
client on a socket.

InetAddress inetAddress = socket.getInetAddress();

Next, you can display the client's host name and IP address, as
follows:

System.out.println("Client's host name is " +

inetAddress.getHostName());
System.out.println("Client's IP Address is " +
inetAddress.getHostAddress());
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Serving Multiple Clients
Multiple clients are quite often connected to a single server at the same time.
Typically, a server runs constantly on a server computer, and clients from all over
the Internet may want to connect to it.
You can use threads to handle the server's multiple clients simultaneously. Simply
create a thread for each connection.
Here is how the server handles the establishment of a connection:

while (true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
Thread thread = new ThreadClass(socket);
thread.start();
}

The server socket can have many connections. Each iteration of the while loop
creates a new connection. Whenever a connection is established, a new thread is
created to handle communication between the server and the new client; and this
allows multiple connections to run at the same time.

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Example: Serving Multiple Clients

Server
A serve socket

Server for Multiple Clients A socket for a

on a port
A socket for a
client client

Start Server
Client 1 ... Client n

Start Client

Note: Start the server first, then start multiple clients.

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Example: Passing Objects in Network Programs
Write a program that Server Client
collects student student object student object
information from a
client and send them to in.readObject() out.writeObject(student)
a server. Passing
student information in in: ObjectInputStream out: ObjectOutputStream

an object.
socket.getInputStream socket.getOutputStream

socket socket

Student Class
Network
Student Sever

Student Client Start Server Start Client

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Stream Socket vs. Datagram Socket
Stream • A dedicated point-to-point channel between a client and
socket server.
• Use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) for data
transmission.
• Lossless and reliable.
• Sent and received in the same order.

• No dedicated point-to-point channel between a client and

Datagram
socket
server.
• Use UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for data transmission.
• May lose data and not 100% reliable.
• Data may not received in the same order as sent.

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DatagramPacket
The DatagramPacket class represents a datagram packet. Datagram
packets are used to implement a connectionless packet delivery
service. Each message is routed from one machine to another based
solely on information contained within the packet.

java.net.DatagramPacket
length: int A JavaBeans property to specify the length of buffer.
address: InetAddress A JavaBeans property to specify the address of the machine where the
package is sent or received.
port: int A JavaBeans property to specify the port of the machine where the
package is sent or received.
+DatagramPacket(buf: byte[], Constructs a datagram packet in a byte array buf of the specified length
length: int, host: InetAddress, port: with the host and the port for which the packet is sent. This constructor
int) is often used to construct a packet for delivery from a client.

+DatagramPacket(buf: byte[], Constructs a datagram packet in a byte array buf of the specified length.
length: int)
+getData(): byte[] Returns the data from the package.
+setData(buf: byte[]): void Sets the data in the package.
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DatagramSocket
DatagramSocket The DatagramSocket class represents a socket for sending and
receiving datagram packets. A datagram socket is the sending or
receiving point for a packet delivery service. Each packet sent or
received on a datagram socket is individually addressed and routed.
Multiple packets sent from one machine to another may be routed
differently, and may arrive in any order.

To create a server DatagramSocket, use the constructor

Create a server DatagramSocket(int port), which binds the socket with the specified
DatagramSocket port on the local host machine.

Create a client
To create a client DatagramSocket, use the constructor
DatagramSocket DatagramSocket(), which binds the socket with any available port
on the local host machine.

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Sending and Receiving a DatagramSocket
Sending To send data, you need to create a packet, fill in the
contents, specify the Internet address and port number for
the receiver, and invoke the send(packet) method on a
DatagramSocket.

Receiving To receive data, create an empty packet and invoke the

receive(packet) method on a DatagramSocket.

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Datagram Programming
Datagram programming is different from stream socket programming
in the sense that there is no concept of a ServerSocket for datagrams.
Both client and server use DatagramSocket to send and receive
packets.
Designate DatagramServer DatagramClient
one a server DatagramSocket socket; DatagramSocket socket;
socket = new DatagramSocket(8000); socket = new DatagramSocket();

byte[] buf = new byte[256]; byte[] buf = new byte[256];

DatagramPacket receivePacket = new InetAddress address = new

DatagramPacket(buf, bef.length) InetAddress(serverName);

socket.receive(receivePacket); DatagramPacket sendPacket = new

DatagramPacket(buf, bef.length, address, 8000)
get data from buf or receivePacket.getData();
fill in the contents in buf;
DatagramPacket sendPacket = new socket.send(sendPacket);
DatagramPacket(buf, bef.length)
DatagramPacket receivePacket = new
fill in the contents in buf; DatagramPacket(buf, bef.length)
socket.send(sendPacket);
socket.receive(receivePacket);

get data from buf or receivePacket.getData();

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