Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
96 views

Chapter 04

This document discusses ratios, proportions, and direct and inverse proportions. It defines ratios as comparisons of two like quantities expressed in fractional form. Proportions are expressions stating the equality of two ratios, where the product of the means equals the product of the extremes. Direct proportions occur when a change in one quantity produces a change in the same direction in another quantity. Inverse proportions occur when a change in one quantity produces a change in the opposite direction in another quantity. The document provides examples of setting up and solving ratios, proportions, and direct and inverse proportion problems. It concludes with practice problems for ratios, proportions, and direct and inverse proportions.

Uploaded by

Ena Borlat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
96 views

Chapter 04

This document discusses ratios, proportions, and direct and inverse proportions. It defines ratios as comparisons of two like quantities expressed in fractional form. Proportions are expressions stating the equality of two ratios, where the product of the means equals the product of the extremes. Direct proportions occur when a change in one quantity produces a change in the same direction in another quantity. Inverse proportions occur when a change in one quantity produces a change in the opposite direction in another quantity. The document provides examples of setting up and solving ratios, proportions, and direct and inverse proportion problems. It concludes with practice problems for ratios, proportions, and direct and inverse proportions.

Uploaded by

Ena Borlat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Unit 4

RATIO AND PROPORTION

RATIOS

A ratio is the comparison of two like


quantities
The

terms of a ratio must be compared


in the order in which they are given
The first term is the numerator of a
fraction, and the second term is the
denominator
A ratio should be expressed in lowest
fractional terms

RATIOS

Express 3 feet to 18 inches as a


ratio in lowest terms
Change

the quantities to a common

unit
We will change the 3 feet to 36 inches
Then write the ratio as a fraction and
reduce

36 in
2

Ans
18 in
1
3

PROPORTIONS

A proportion is an expression that


states the equality of two ratios

The product of the means equals the


product of the extremes

In the proportion
9:12

3 9

4 12

or 3:4 =

3 and 12 are the extremes, 4 and 9 are the


means
4

PROPORTIONS

Solve the proportion below for A:


A 14.8

2 .4 1 .2

CrossMultiply

1.2A=(14.8)(2.4)

Dividebothsidesby1.2

1.2 A 35.52

1. 2
1.2

A=29.6Ans
5

DIRECT PROPORTIONS

Two quantities are directly proportional if a


change in one produces a change in the
other in the same direction
When setting up a direct proportion in
fractional form

Numerator of the first ratio must correspond to


numerator of the second ratio
Denominator of the first ratio must correspond
to the denominator of the second ratio

DIRECT PROPORTION EXAMPLE

If reducing calorie intake by 2,000


calories results in a weight loss of one
pound, how many pounds would a
person lose if he/she ate 14,500 fewer
calories?
Since

an increase in calorie reduction will


result in an increase in weight loss, the
proportion is direct
Set calories as the numerator and pounds
as the denominator in both ratios
7

EXAMPLE (Cont)

Solve by cross multiplication

2000 calories 14500 calories

1 pound
x pounds

2000 x 14500 1

2000
2000
x=7.25poundsAns
8

INVERSE PROPORTIONS

Two quantities are inversely or


indirectly proportional if a change in
one produces a change in the other in
the opposite direction
The two quantities are inversely
proportional if
An

increase in one produces a decrease


in the other
A decrease in one produces an increase
in the other
9

INVERSE PROPORTIONS

When setting up an inverse


proportion in fractional form
Numerator

of first ratio must


correspond to the denominator of the
second ratio.
Denominator of first ratio must
correspond to the numerator of second
ratio

10

INVERSE PROPORTION EXAMPLE

It takes 3.5 hours for the 12 workers


at Bettys Bakery to prepare the
baked goods sold each day. How
many hours would it take 15
workers to produce the same goods?
Since

more workers would require less


time to bake the goods, this problem is
an inverse proportion
Set numerator of first ratio equal to 3.5
hours and set corresponding 12 workers
equal to denominator of second ratio.
11

EXAMPLE (Cont)

Denominator of first ratio will be the


variable (x hours)
Numerator of second ratio will be
the corresponding 15 workers
3.5 hours 15 workers

x hours 12 workers

Solve by cross multiplication


x=2.8hoursAns
12

PRACTICE PROBLEMS

Express the following ratios in


lowest terms:
1.

2.

16:28

2/5 to 1/3

12.2 1.6
5.

x
36.4
6.

3.

7
x

15 12

4.

20 min to 1 hour

y 5 10

20
8
13

PRACTICE PROBLEMS (Cont)


7.

8.

The fifteen workers in the Fly-ByNight Machine Shop produce 1200


keyboards daily. How many
keyboards would twenty workers
produce daily?
The scale on a given map is 1 inch
= 32 miles. How many miles would
there be between two cities that
are 3 inches apart on the map?
14

PRACTICE PROBLEMS (Cont)


9.

10.

Two gears are in mesh. The driver


gear has 30 teeth and revolves at
250 revolutions per minute.
Determine the number of
revolutions per minute of a driven
gear with 12 teeth.
If six identical machines can
produce 1000 parts in 7 hours,
how many hours will it take four of
these machines to produce the
same 1000 parts?
15

PRACTICE PROBLEMS (Cont)


11.

12.

You drive to school through a


construction zone so it is 35 mph and
takes you 75 minutes. When the
construction is done, you can go 55mph,
how long will it take you to get to
school? Round to the nearest minute.
You moved a year ago and it took you
and 3 friends (4 people) 6.5 hours. If
you get 5 more friends and have not
gained any items over the year, how
long will it take the 9 people to move
you? Round to the tenth of an hour.
16

PROBLEM ANSWER KEY


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4/7
6/5
1/3
5.6
277.55

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

20
1600 keyboards
96 miles
625 rpm
10.5 hours
48 minutes
2.9 hours

17

You might also like