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    Code Division Multiple Accessing Cdma: Delos Santos, Jesi Villamor

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    Zesi Villamor Delos Santos
    CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is a multiple access technique that allows multiple users to access the same wireless channel simultaneously through the use of unique codes. It spreads user data across the entire available bandwidth through the use of spreading codes. At the receiver, the same code is used to isolate the desired signal from other users. CDMA was invented in the 1940s but became popular for commercial wireless use in the past 15 years. It provides highly secure communication and allows all transmissions to occur simultaneously on one channel.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Code Division Multiple Accessing Cdma: Delos Santos, Jesi Villamor

    Uploaded by

    Zesi Villamor Delos Santos
    47 views13 pages
    CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is a multiple access technique that allows multiple users to access the same wireless channel simultaneously through the use of unique codes. It spreads user data across the entire available bandwidth through the use of spreading codes. At the receiver, the same code is used to isolate the desired signal from other users. CDMA was invented in the 1940s but became popular for commercial wireless use in the past 15 years. It provides highly secure communication and allows all transmissions to occur simultaneously on one channel.

    Original Description:

    Code Division Multiple Accessing in Microwave

    Original Title

    cdma

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    CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is a multiple access technique that allows multiple users to access the same wireless channel simultaneously through the use of unique codes. It spreads user data across the entire available bandwidth through the use of spreading codes. At the receiver, the same code is used to isolate the desired signal from other users. CDMA was invented in the 1940s but became popular for commercial wireless use in the past 15 years. It provides highly secure communication and allows all transmissions to occur simultaneously on one channel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    47 views13 pages

    Code Division Multiple Accessing Cdma: Delos Santos, Jesi Villamor

    Uploaded by

    Zesi Villamor Delos Santos
    CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is a multiple access technique that allows multiple users to access the same wireless channel simultaneously through the use of unique codes. It spreads user data across the entire available bandwidth through the use of spreading codes. At the receiver, the same code is used to isolate the desired signal from other users. CDMA was invented in the 1940s but became popular for commercial wireless use in the past 15 years. It provides highly secure communication and allows all transmissions to occur simultaneously on one channel.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Code Division Multiple Accessing

    CDMA
    DELOS SANTOS, JESI VILLAMOR

    Multiple Access and


    Multiplexing
    C
    D
    M
    A

    Multiplexing: is the reversible operation of combining several


    information-bearing signals to form a single, more complex signal.

    Multiple Access: is the ability for several earth stations to transmit their
    respective carriers simultaneously into the same satellite transponder

    CDMA
    C

    Highly secure and easily concealed communication system. CDMA uses


    a spreading code to scramble the data and spread the bandwidth. One
    channel carries all transmissions simultaneously. In the past 15 years
    CDMA has become popular in commercial wireless and satellite
    communications.

    Also called Spread Spectrum Multiple Access (SSMA)

    D
    M
    A

    CDMA History
    C
    D
    M
    A

    Invented by actress Hedy Lamarr & George Anthiel during World War II as a technique
    against interference of submarine communications.

    1988 October

    1989 February CDMA proposed as a more efficient, higher-quality wireless technology

    1989 November

    1990 February First CDMA field trial demonstration (NYNEX, New York City)

    1991 November
    equipment

    1992 June CTIA asks TIA to expedite adoption of CDMA standard in North America

    1992 September
    Seattle market)

    1993 April South Korea adopts CDMA as its national cellular telephone system

    1993 July

    1993 December

    CDMA concept conceived for commercial telecommunication applications


    First CDMA system demonstration (Pac Tel Cellular, San Diego)
    First large-scale CDMA capacity tests using commercial-grade

    First CDMA network equipment ordered (U.S. West New Vector,

    U.S. TIA adopts CDMA (IS-95A) as a North American digital cellular standard
    CDMA Development Group (CDG) is founded

    Multiple Accessing
    C
    D
    M
    A

    CDMA
    C
    D
    M
    A

    Each station encodes its data


    with secret, unique coding
    functions, each chosen so it
    is unlike any of the others.
    The sum of all of the uplinks
    is received by the satellite
    and retransmitted to all
    earthstations. An earthstation
    can only decode data packets
    for which it knows the code.

    CDMA

    Uses a unique binary words called CHIP CODES to receive a particular earth stations transmission.

    We assume that the assigned codes have two properties

    If we multiply each code by another, we get 0.

    If we multiply each code by itself, we get the number


    of stations.

    EXAMPLE

    D
    M
    A

    CDMA
    C
    D
    M
    A

    Let us assume we have three transmitting stations A, B, & C and three


    receiving stations X, Y, & Z.

    They are connected to the same channel.

    The data from station A are d1.

    The data from station B are d2.

    The data from station C are d3.

    Code assigned to the first station is C1

    Code assigned to the first station is C2

    Code assigned to the first station is C3

    CDMA
    C
    C1 d1 + C2 d2 + C3 d3
    If station A and Z are talking to each other. Station Z wants to hear what
    station A is saying. It multiplies the data on the channel by C1, the code of
    station A.
    The answer we get will be d1 the data transmitted by station A

    D
    M
    A

    CDMA Techniques
    C
    D
    M
    A

    Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)

    Frequency Hopping CDMA or FH-CDMA

    Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a method of transmitting


    radio signals by rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency
    channels, using a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter
    and receiver. It is utilized as a multiple access method in the frequencyhopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA) scheme

    CDMA Techniques

    Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

    Direct Sequence CDMA or DS-CDMA

    The stream of information to be transmitted is divided into small


    pieces, each of which is allocated across to a frequency channel across
    the spectrum. A data signal at the point of transmission is combined
    with a higher data-rate bit sequence that divides the data according to
    a spreading ratio. The redundant chipping code helps the signal resist
    interference and also enables the original data to be recovered if data
    bits are damaged during transmission

    C
    D
    M
    A

    Thats all for CDMA

    01010100 01101000 01100001 01101110 01101011


    01110011

    Thats all for CDMA

    N
    S

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